This Presentation covers the basic concepts of Hot cracks and cold cracks in welding. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
Replacement of lead Free Cutting Steel - 2018 research paperMukesh Karnik
this project is to study about free cutting steels and machinability property and to focus on newly developed Lead Free- Free Cutting Steel.
Points are given below about project:-
And also explained about Built up edge - Chip Formation to increase the machinability.
effect of alloying elements on free cutting steel.
manufacturing process of free cutting steel.
BASED ON CHROMIUM AND CARBON ADDITION.
To avoid Lead Hazardous problem and environmental friendly.
B.Sc. (Engineering)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Course - Manufacturing Process
Topic - Welding, Brazing & Soldering
This presentation gives a brief introduction to chemical heat treatment of steels and surface hardening techniques
Keywords: Carburising, Nitriding, Carbonitriding, Flame hardening, Laser hardening, Induction hardening
Welding Defects
Eurotech Now inteducing Welding Defects. Welding Defect is any type of flaw in the object which requires welding. Seven type of Welding Defect
Seven type of Common weld defects include:
1. Lack of fusion
2. Lack of penetration or excess penetration
3. Porosity
4. Inclusions
5. Cracking
6. Undercut
7. Lamellar tearing
Any of these defects are potentially disastrous as they can all give rise to high stress intensities which may result in sudden unexpected failure below the design load or in the case of cyclic loading, failure after fewer load cycles than predicted.
Lost Foam Casting defects are influential and complex, and cross each other.
The quality of raw and auxiliary materials is very important, in that case the procurement of material has to be very careful.
Fine process management and convergence, to strengthen the fine control of the process.
Responsibility is more important than the system, to strengthen discipline and supervision, assign responsibility to every staff.
Improve the theoretical quality of workers and good operating habits.
This Presentation covers the basic concepts of Hot cracks and cold cracks in welding. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
Replacement of lead Free Cutting Steel - 2018 research paperMukesh Karnik
this project is to study about free cutting steels and machinability property and to focus on newly developed Lead Free- Free Cutting Steel.
Points are given below about project:-
And also explained about Built up edge - Chip Formation to increase the machinability.
effect of alloying elements on free cutting steel.
manufacturing process of free cutting steel.
BASED ON CHROMIUM AND CARBON ADDITION.
To avoid Lead Hazardous problem and environmental friendly.
B.Sc. (Engineering)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology
Course - Manufacturing Process
Topic - Welding, Brazing & Soldering
This presentation gives a brief introduction to chemical heat treatment of steels and surface hardening techniques
Keywords: Carburising, Nitriding, Carbonitriding, Flame hardening, Laser hardening, Induction hardening
Welding Defects
Eurotech Now inteducing Welding Defects. Welding Defect is any type of flaw in the object which requires welding. Seven type of Welding Defect
Seven type of Common weld defects include:
1. Lack of fusion
2. Lack of penetration or excess penetration
3. Porosity
4. Inclusions
5. Cracking
6. Undercut
7. Lamellar tearing
Any of these defects are potentially disastrous as they can all give rise to high stress intensities which may result in sudden unexpected failure below the design load or in the case of cyclic loading, failure after fewer load cycles than predicted.
Lost Foam Casting defects are influential and complex, and cross each other.
The quality of raw and auxiliary materials is very important, in that case the procurement of material has to be very careful.
Fine process management and convergence, to strengthen the fine control of the process.
Responsibility is more important than the system, to strengthen discipline and supervision, assign responsibility to every staff.
Improve the theoretical quality of workers and good operating habits.
Special Casting Processes
Centrifugal Casting
Semi centrifugal casting
Centrifuging
Die Casting
Gravity Die Casting
Pressure die casting
Hot chamber die-casting:
Submerged plunger die casting
Air blown or goose neck die casting machine
Investment Casting
Defects in Casting
Blow holes Casting Defects
Shrinkage
Crack
Inclusions
Lift and shift
Swell
Fins
Misrun and cold shut
Metal Penetration
Hard spot
Run out
Drop
Warpage
casting defects during fabrication of alloys.pptxahmedgamal968279
this PowerPoint is concerning with the different types and causes of defects that happened during the casting of dental alloys and how to avoid this fault.
kinematics of 8-axis robot for material handling applicationsjani parth
Project is to carry out the thorough mathematical kinematic model which includes forward and inverse displacement equation model, and forward and inverse differential or velocity model, by formulating equations relating joint variables with the position and orientation of the end-effector
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
3. i. INTRODUCTION
Casting is a process of molten metal into a mould,
allowing it to cool and removing the metal from the
mould after solidify
4. Continue…
Production of casting involves
a large number of steps
including casting design,
pattern, making moulding,
melting , pouring , shake out ,
fettling ,inspection and
finishing.
Such unsatisfactory operations
result in a defective casting
which may be rejected at the
final stage .
5. It is therefore necessary to understand the various defects that occur in
sand casting and the main factors that are responsible for their
occurrence.
6. ii. Different type of casting defects
1. Open blows , blow holes and pin hole porosity
2. Cracked casting
3. Bent and twisted casting
4. Fusion
5. Swell
6. Run out
7. Mismatch
8. Shrinkage faults
9. Metal penetration
10. Inclusions
11. Hot tears
7. 1. Open blows , Blow holes and Pin hole porosity
Blow hole : They appear as cavities in a casting. When they
are visible on the upper surface of the casting, they are called
open blows. These blows are normally rounded and have
smooth walls.
Pin hole porosity : This defect occurs in the casting the form
of pin hole porosity or gas porosity. These porosities are
caused by the gases absorbed by the molten metal. The gases
commonly absorbed and hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, the
later two forming oxides and nitrides respectively. It is mainly
hydrogen which is responsible for the pin hole porosity.
8. Remedies for open blow and blow holes remedies for pinhole porosity
1.moisture content 1.improved melting
2.providing proper venting 2.pouring methods
3.controlling binder 3.by prompting rapid rate
of solidification
9. 1. Cracked casting
These are cracks caused by the inability of the casting to
cope up with internal stress resulting from solid shrinkage of
metal
Immediately after solidification some metals have a low
strength and if stresses set up are high cracks develop in the
casting
• Remedies for cracked casting
1. Proper design of the casting
2. Avoiding joining of unequal sections,
3. Providing round corner fillets
10.
11. 1. Bent or twisted casting
When casting has wide variation in its sections, internal
stresses are often set up in wait due to differential cooling in
the thick and thin area.
Remedy for bent or twisted casting
provide suitable allowances on the pattern
Controlling deformation by providing ribs
Planning for uniforms cooling rate
12.
13. 1. Metal penetration
If the sand grains used are very coarse or the metal pored has very high
temperature the metal is able to enter the spaces between sand grains to
some distance.
Such a sand becomes tightly wedged the metal and is difficult to remove.
14. 1. Fusion
When the mould sand does not have enough refractoriness or the metal
is poured at very high temperature or the facing sand is of poor quality,
the sand may melt and fuse with casting surfaces
This make it difficult to clean the castings and gives them a rough
glossy appearance
• Remedies for fusion
1. Using sand of enough refractoriness
2. Pouring at suitable temperature
15. 1. Run out
Run out accurs when the molten metal leaks out of the mould during
pouring this is caused by defective moulding boxes fault clamping and
weighting and by casting too near the edge of the box
Remedies
1. Modifying the moulding system
2. Selecting proper parting line
providing proper gating system
16. swell
Swell is an enlargement or bulging of the casting surfaces resulting from
liquid metal pressure it accure due to poor ramming of the mould or not
properly reinforceing deep mould
Remedies for swell
1. Proper ramming of the sand
2. And providing adequate support to the mould
17. mismatch
Mismatch is caused by the cope and drag parts of the mould not
remaining in their proper position
This is caused by loose box pin, inaccurate pattern dowel pins or
carelessness in placing the cope on the drag
The deficiencies mentioned above must be attended to if mismatch is to
be avoided
18. SHRINCAGE FAULT
Shrinkage fault are fault caused by improper directional direction
solidification , poor gating and risering and inadequate feeding
Solidification leads to volumetric contraction which must be
compensated by feeding. If this compensation is inadequate either
surface shrinkage or internal shrinkage defects are produced making the
casting weaker
Remedies for shrinkage fault
1.Providing proper gating system
2.Pouring a correct temperature and
3.Taking care of directional solidification
19. inclusions
Inclusions are any foreign materials present in the cast metal. These
may be in the form of slag ,dirt, sand or nails
Remedies
1. Using correct grade of moulding sand preventing any foreign items from
entering the mould
20. Hot tears
Hot tears are ragged irregular internal or external cracks occurring
immediately after the metal has solidified
Remedies
1. Improved casting design
2. Proper directional solidification
3. Uniform rate of cooling
4. Correct pouring temperature
5. Control of mould hardness