This document discusses morphology, which is the study of morphemes and how they combine to form words. It defines a morpheme as the smallest unit of meaning and outlines the criteria that morphemes must meet. The document explains that morphemes can be free or bound, and that bases and affixes are two types of morphemes. Specifically, it states that bases carry the principal meaning of a word and that prefixes, suffixes, and infixes are kinds of affixes that occur before, after, or within a base, respectively.

2. It is the branch of linguistics that studies the internal
structure of words.
Morphology means the study of morphemes and
their combination in words.
Morphology involves a research for minimal units,
and build up new vocabulary obtaining
proficiency and competence as components of the
English language. An appropriate pool of words,
to learn how to form new ones, to understand
their structure is necessary as well as the meaning
and the ability to use them correctly in
grammatical structures.

3. Jumped
jump - ed
base past tense
By its MEANING

4. Jumped
jump - ed
By its SPELLING
Jumped
/dƷʌmp/ /t/
By its PHONETIC realization

5.  A morpheme is a short segment of the language
with meaning.
 A morpheme is a meaningful unit of meaning.
 A morpheme meets three criteria:
1. It is a word, or a part of a word that has meaning.
2. It cannot divided into smaller meaningful parts
without violation of its meaning or without
meaningless remainders.
3. It appears in different environments with a
relatively same meaning.

6.  It is a word. We can find in the dictionary and it
has a denotative meaning. It is an instrument for
writing with ink.
 We can not divide it into smaller meaningful parts.
Ex. /pe/ /n/ or /p/ /en/.
 In this word /en/ does not have meaning, in
others can recur as part of a word with meaning. It
is not possible to violate its meaning.
 It recurs in other environments with a stable
meaning.
 Examples: pencil – penmanship – pen name

7. Boy
1. It is a word. We can find in the dictionary and it
has a denotative meaning.
a male child or young man.
2. We can not divide into smaller meaningful
parts:
Ex. /b/ /oy/
3. It recurs in other environments with a stable
meaning.
Examples: boyish, boyhood, boys

8. 1. It is a word. We can find in a dictionary
To become brighten or happier; to make
something brighter (=make it happier)
2. We can not divide into smaller meaningful parts.
You can divide in meaningless
/brigh/ /t/ /e/ /n/
3. It recurs in other environments with a stable
meaning
Bright, brighten, brighly, brightful
Harden, shorten, widen

9. 1. Antedate → before
2. Replay → again or back
3. Manly → like, having the characteristics of
4. Cheapest → most
5. Keeper → more
6. Unable → opposite
7. Rainy → a condition, state, or quality
8. Inactive → in, into, toward, within
9. Superman → over, above, on
10. Plays → plural

10. Morphemes are of two kinds: free and bound.
A free morpheme: A free morphemes is one that
can be expressed alone with meaning.
It often carries lexical meaning. (The kind of
meaning given in a dictionary). It also has the
major meaning in the word. Ex. build+er
Bound morphemes: It is one that cannot be
expressed alone with meaning; it cannot
appear alone and must attached to another
morpheme. Its role is to change the meaning of
the original word.

11. Build = free morpheme
rebuild builder
Bound m. Free m. Free m. Bound m.

12. Another classification of morphemes is in bases
and affixes.
A base is the part of word that has the principal
meaning. Most of the bases in English are free
morphemes, but some are bound morphemes.
A free form to witch other morphemes may be
attached is called a base or root.

13. Is the part of the word that has the principal
meaning.
Most of the bases in English are free morphemes,
but some are bound morphemes.
A free form to which other morphemes may be
attached is called a base or root

14. - Lovable
In spelling lov=bound morpheme(bound
morpheme. In phonetic transcription: /lavebl/:
/la/= base - /free morpheme) /ebl/ = affixe

15. An affix is bound morpheme that occurs, withi or
after a base.
There are three kinds of affixes:
1. Prefixes
2. Suffixes
3. Infixes

16.  These morphemes occur before the base.
 Example:
Import
prefix base

17. They are bound morphemes whitch are inserted
within a word.
However, infixes are considered replacements.
They occur in a few noun plurals, like the –ee- in
geese, replacing the –oo- of goose, in the past
tense and past participles of verb, like the –o- of
chose replacing the –oo- of choose, therefore, they
are called «replacive allomorphs».

18.  Foot - feet /fut/ /fit/ /u/ /iy/
 Mouse - mice /maus/ /mays/ /au/ /ay/

19. They are bound morphemes that occur after the
base. The limit is three or four and they have a
special order. First the derivational and after the
inflectional

20.  Teachers = teach = base – er = suffix- s = suffix
 Moralizars = mor=base – al= suffix – ize= suffix
-er = suffix – s= suffix