Morphology is the study of word formation and interpretation through categories and rules. It has two main goals: to isolate the component parts of words called morphemes, and to determine how words are formed. There are two types of morphemes - bound morphemes that cannot stand alone and free morphemes that can. Words are formed through the combination of free and bound morphemes using various rules of word formation such as inheritance, blending, derivation using affixes, compounding, and the creation of new words from names or brands.

1. MORPHOLOGY
Valene Hope Cebuco
Jeffren Pancho Miguel

2. What is MORPHOLOGY?
System of categories and rules involved in
word formation and interpretation.
Two basic goals in studying
morphology
• To isolate the component parts of words
• To determine the rules by which words are
formed

3. THE SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES
The Eight Parts of Speech
• Noun
• Pronoun
• Verb
• Adjectives
• Adverb
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Articles

4. MORPHEME
• It is a part of a word that change meanings,
make one part of speech into another, and show
such grammatical functions as tense and
plurality.
Example: buyers
{buy} + {er} + {s}

5. BOUND AND F RE E
M o r p h e me s
Bound Morphemes – cannot occur
unattached.
Free Morphemes – can stand on its own.
(root words and function words)
Ex. glasses
glass – free morpheme
-es – bound morpheme

6. FREE MORPHEMES
Lexical Category (content words)
• Noun
• Adverb
• Adjectives
• Verb
These syntactic categories are
also called
OPEN CLASS WORDS.

7. Grammatical Category (function)
• Pronoun
• Conjunction
• Preposition
• Article
These syntactic categories
are also called CLOSED
CLASS words

8. BOUND MORPHEMES
• Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes)
-derivational
-inflectional
DERIVATIONAL
Ex. Impossible
Im- deriv. Possible – root word

9. INFLECTIONAL
Eight inflectional affixes in English
• Plural ( -s, -es)
• Possesive (‘s)
• Comparative (-er)
• Superlative (-est)
• Tenses ( -s, -ed)
• Participle (-en, -ing)

10. MORPHOLOGY
Identifying the Morphemes
Word Free Open Inflectional Affix
Bound Closed Derivational (prefix)
(suffix)
(root)
Insensitivity -in Bound Derivational Prefix
- sense Free Open Root
- itive Bound Derivational Suffix
- ity Bound Derivational Suffix
Disengaged dis- Bound Derivational Prefix
engage Free Open Root
-d Bound Inflectional Suffix

11. Disengaged (verb)
dis - engaged (verb)
(v) engage -d

12. Insensitivity (noun)
insensitive (adj) - ity
in - sensitive (adj)
sense - itive

13. WORD ORIGINS
Etymology – the study of word origins.
Lexical gap – nonsense words

14. RULES ON WORD FORMATION
• Inheritance
• Neologisms (Creation de Novo)
• Blending
• Acronyms
– Initialism
– Reverse Acronym
• Creation by Shortening
•Derivation
- by affixation
- Without Affixation

15. • Compounding
• Eponyms
- based on personal names.
- based on geographical names.
- names from literature, myths,
and folklore.
- based on commercial brand
names.
• Other sources.