This document provides an overview of mood disorders including manic episodes, depressive episodes, bipolar disorder, recurrent depressive episodes, and persistent mood disorder. It defines each condition and discusses their signs and symptoms, classification, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in mood accompanied by depressive or manic syndromes not caused by other conditions. Treatment involves pharmacological interventions like mood stabilizers as well as psychosocial therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy.

1. VIDYAKIRANA COLLEGE
OF NURSING BANGALORE
SUB.- MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
TOPIC- MOOD DISORDER
PRESENTED BY – MRS. SULEKHA DESHMUKH

2. Introduction
Mood disorder

3. • Mood disorder are characterized by disturbance of mood,
accompany by a full or partial manic or depressive
syndrome which is not due to any other physical or mental
disorder
• Group of disorders characterized by a decrease or entire
loss of control over mood

4. Classification
Manic episode
Depressive episode
Bipolar mood disorder
Recurrent depressive episode
Persistent mood disorder

5. Manic episode[MANIA]
• It is a psychiatric medical condition characterized by the
extremely elevated mood, increase energy, hyperactivity,
unusual though process with flight of ideas and
acceleration in speech process.

6. Incidence
•0.6 to 1 % adult
•Unmarried person
•Divorced person

7. Etiology
• Heredity
• Stressful life events
• Neurological condition
• Metabolism reason
• Drug induced

8. Clinical manifestation
• Increased psychomotor activity

9. • Flight of ideas

10. • Acceleration of speech

11. • Increased sexual activity

12. • Poor judgment

13. • High risk activity

14. • Decreased food intake due to hyperactivity

15. • Decreased attention and concentration

16. • Decrease sleeping pattern due to hyperactivity

17. Classification
Hypomania
Acute mania
Delirium mania

18. Hypomania [stage I]
• Hypomania is periods of over-active and high
energy behavior that can have a significant impact
on your day-to-day life. Hypomania is a milder
version of mania that typically lasts for a shorter
period. This is usually a few days.

19. Acute mania[stage II]
• Acute mania is defined as an extremely unstable
euphoric[ a feeling of intense excitement and
happiness] or irritable mood along with an excess
activity or energy level, excessively rapid thought
and speech, reckless behavior[ not thinking about
possible bad or dangerous results] and feeling of
invincibility.[ the quality of being too powerful]

20. Delirium mania [stage III]
• Delirious mania is the most severe of the three stage
of mania and requires hospitalization

21. Treatment
• Pharmacological treatment [mood stabilizer drug]
• Lithium 900 – 2100mg
• Sodium valproate – 600- 2100mg

22. • Therapeutic treatment
• ECT
• Family therapy
• Recreational therapy
• Relaxation therapy
• Behavioral therapy
•

23. Depressive episode

24. introduction
• It is a psychiatric medical condition in which client manifest
some clinical syndrome characterized by sadness, social
withdrawal, lack of interest.

25. Classification
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Severe with psychosis feature

26. Etiology of depressive episode
• Genetic factors
• Biochemical factors
• Psychological factors [low self esteem, guilt, lack of support
-ve thinking, -ve attitude toward the self and environment,
feeling of failure.]
• Socio cultural factors[ poverty-lack of money, lack of food
marriage]
• Alcoholism and drug abuse

27. Clinical manifestation
• Loss of thinking
• Restlessness
• Anxiety
• Guilt
• Anorexia
• Lack of IPR
• Suicidal tendency
• Insomnia

28. • Decreased psychomotor activity
• Headache
• fatigue
• Frequently crying
• Negative thought
• Poor eye contact

29. Diagnostic evaluation
• History collection
• Mental status examination
• Mini mental status examination
• Neurological examination

30. Treatment
•SSRI- E.g. –
citalopram
•TCA- E.g.-
doxepin ,
imipramine

31. Therapies
• ECT
• Family therapy
• Group therapy
• Behavior therapy
• Light therapy

32. 3- Bipolar disorder

33. Definition
• Bipolar disorder also known as manic depressive
illness, is a brain disorder that cause unusual shifts in
mood, energy, activity level, and the ability to carry
out day to day life tasks.

34. 4- recurrent depressive episode
• A disorder characterized by repeated episodes of
depression, the current episode being of moderate
severity

35. 5- persistent mood disorder [ dysthymia]

36. Definition
• Also known as DYSTHYMIA
• Can be diagnosed when the mood disturbance
continues for at least 2years in adult or 1 year in
children
• Affects 0.5 % of population
• It is common in women than men and more
prevalent among poor and unmarried persons .

37. Etiology
•Financial problem
•Job loss
•Disappointment in life
•Personality defect
•Ego disintegration
•Internal conflict
•Interpersonal disturbance
•Loss of loved ones

38. Clinical manifestation
•Depressive mood

39. • Decrease or increase appetite

40. • Insomnia and hypersomnia

41. • Low energy

42. • Poor self image

43. • Fatigue

44. • Decrease concentration and attention

45. • Hopelessness

46. • Helplessness[ lacking protection or support]

47. • Worthlessness -a feeling that you have no good
qualities or useful skills.

48. • Loss of interest

49. • Loss of pleasure

50. • Difficulty in decision making

51. • Sadness

52. • Decrease sexual activity

53. Diagnosis evaluation
• History collection
• Mental status examination
• Mini mental status examination
• Neurological examination

54. Treatment
Medical management
SSRI– Eg. – citalopram
TCA–E.g.- clomipramine

55. Psychosocial therapy
BEHAVIOR
THERAPY
GROUP
THERAPY
MEDITATI
ON
YOGA EXERCISE

56. Nursing management
• Monitor for suicidal risk
• Keep the environment safe by eliminating sharp
objective and items that could be used to harm self
• Encourage patient to do as much as possible for self
• Use sleep hygiene to encourage sleep
• Engage the patient in a therapeutic relationship