This document defines depression as a serious medical condition that involves feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest that interfere with daily life and last for weeks. It lists several forms of depression including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder. The document also discusses causes of depression, treatments including counseling, medication, and electroconvulsive therapy, comorbidities with other conditions, and ways to prevent depression such as exercise and stress reduction.

2. What is
depression?
It is a serious medical condition that involves
the mind and body. .
It is not feeling sad for a few days, but rather it
is feeling "down“, "low" and/or "hopeless" for
weeks at a time.
It interferes with a person’s function in daily
living, relationship, and work life.
It is a condition that requires diagnosis and
treatment by a trained healthcare provider

3. Causes of depression
Genes
Life events
Drug abuse
Environment and psychological factors
Medical conditions
Low levels of vitamins

4. FORMS OF DEPRESSION
1. Major depressive disorder
2. Dysthymic disorder
3. Psychotic depression
4. Postpartum depression
5. Bipolar disorder.
6. Seasonal affective disorder

5. 1. Major depressive disorder
• feeling depressed most of the day
• loss of interest in most regular activities
• significant weight loss or gain
• sleeping a lot or not being able to sleep
• slowed thinking or movement
• fatigue or low energy most days
• feelings of worthlessness or guilt
• loss of concentration or indecisiveness
• recurring thoughts of death or suicide

6. 2. Persistent depressive disorder
• depression lasts for 2 years
• dysthymia (low-grade persistent depression) &chronic major depression.
You may have symptoms such as:
• Change in your appetite (not eating enough or overeating)
• Sleep too much or too little
• Lack of energy, or fatigue
• Low self-esteem
• Trouble concentrating or making decisions
• Feel hopeless

7. 3. Psychotic depression
• hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there)
• delusions (false beliefs)
• paranoia (wrongly believing that others are trying to harm you)
• affects ~20% admitted to the hospital for depression
4. Postpartum depression
• occurs when a new mother develops a major depressive episode within one
month after delivery.
• It is estimated that 10 to 15 percent of women experience postpartum
depression after giving birth.

8. 5. Bipolar disorder
• manic depression
• has mood episodes that range from extremes of high energy with an
"up" mood to low "depressive" periods.
6. Seasonal affective disorder
• period of major depression
• happens in winter months,
• goes away in the spring and summer.

9. Treatment
• Counselling &Psychotherapy
• Cognitive Behavioral therapy
• Interpersonal therapy
• Medication
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Tricyclics
• Electroconvulsive therapy
• For severe cases in which therapy and/or medication does not treat
depression – shock treatment

10. Awareness of
Comorbidities
Anxiety Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity problem
Obsessive Compulsive disorder
Learning difficulties
Medical problems like Diabetes

11. Preventing depression
regular exercise
getting plenty of sleep
maintaining treatments
reducing stress
building strong relationships with others

12. Thank you!