it is very easy notes of psychology for BSC nursing 1st year students and GNM 1st year mental heath is very important topic every year will get question from this chapter so hear i made very easy notes , here will get notes about what is the mental health, what are the characteristic of mental healthy person, what is mental illness, how we can identify that person is mentally ill person, about the defense mechanism, frustration and conflict , how we can over cum frustration so please if you like my notes please like, it will help for your exam

1. VIDYAKIRANA COLLEGE OF
NURSING BANGALORE
SUBJECT- PSYCHOLOGY
TOPIC- MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HYGIENS
PRESENTTED BY MRS. SULEKHA DESHMUKH

2. INTRODUCTION
OF MENTAL
HEALTH

3. INTRO…….
Mental health determine how we are thinking feel
and act, good mental health is when you feel
positive about yourself and cope well with the
everyday pressures, mental health is important at
every stage of life

4. MENTAL HYGIEN
• Mental hygiene, the science of maintaining mental
health and preventing the development of psychosis,
neurosis, or other mental disorders.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL HEALTHY
PERSONE
Ability to accept self
Capacity to feel right toward others
The ability to fulfill life task
Positive attitude toward self
Growth and development
Autonomy
Ability to make adjustment

6. Put effort to solve problem
Make own decision
Sense of personal security
Give and accept love
Lives in world of reality ratter than fantasy
Emotional maturity
Balance life

7. They have self respect
They feel comfort with other people
Healthy sexual life

8. WARNING
SIGN OF POOR
MENTAL
HEALTH

9. Feeling sad and down
Confused thinking or reduce ability to concentrate
Excessive fears or worries and feeling of guilt
Extreme mood changes of high or low
Withdrawal from friends and activity
Tiredness, low energy or problem of sleeping
Hallucination

10. Inability to cope with daily problems or stress
Major change in eating habits
Sex drive change
Excessive anger or violence
Suicidal thinking
Change school performance
Abuse of drug and alcohol

11. PROMOTIVE AND PREVENTIVE MENTAL
HEALTH STRATEGIES AND SERVICES

12. • A number of strategies are adopted to promote
mental health and prevent mental health hazards of
illness the strategies can be broadly discussed as…
• 1- mental health and education – education plays the
most important part in illness prevention. As many
people do not recognize the risk of illness present in
their lives for e.g.- through education like health talk,
drama, mass media help to reduce incidence of
disorder

13. • 2- habits and lifestyle- use of drug, alcohol smoking
irregular exercise contributes for the formation of
physio- psychological disorder educating community
on the aspect of healthy habits and lifestyle to
reduce the incidence of psychological disorder

14. • 3 psychiatric follow up – proper medication and
medical treatment help to reduce the prevalence of
disease use of community health nurse; local health
personnel contributes a lot in psychiatric
rehabilitation

15. • 4 social participation – involvement in social
activities make people feel less isolated and more
related to others

16. • 5- self-understanding – people can improve their
mental health through self-understanding by
discovering the occasion that provoke emotional
overreaction, person can learn to guard against it

17. DEFENCE MECHANISM AND ITS IMPLICATION

18. INRODUCATION
• Defense mechanism is also known as Adjustment
mechanism or mental defense mechanism
• Defense mechanism are behavior that people use to
separate themselves from unpleasant events, action
and thought
• Defense mechanism enable a person to solve conflict
and reduce the stress and anxiety.

19. DEFINITION
• Defense mechanism is a pattern of adjustment
through which an individual relives anxiety caused
by an uncomfortable situation
• Defense mechanism are the techniques or
mechanism used by an individual to handle tension
or reduce anxiety or resolve conflicts

20. PURPOSE OF DEFENSE MECHANISM
Protect individual against psychological threats
Reduce anxiety and stress
Maintain self esteem, respect, image
To find justification to solve problem
To live and lead comfortable life ahead

21. CLASSIFICATION OF DEFENSE MECHANISAM
POSITIVE DEFENSE MECHANISM /
HEALTHY /SUCCESSFUL
NEGATIVE DEFENCE MECHANISM /
UNHEALTHY/UNSUCCESSFUL

22. POSITIVE DEFENCE MECHANISM
• Sublimation
• Undoing
• Rationalization
• Compensation
• Repression
• Projection

23. NEGATIVE DEFENCE MECHANISM
• Displacement – frustration of impulse on any object
• Projection – unconsciously blaming others
• Regression – back journey
• Dissociation – negligence
• Denial – refuse to accept reality
• Reaction formation – show opposite reaction

24.  Positive defence
mechanism
 Negative defence
mechanism
 Sublimation
 Undoing
 Rationalization
 Compensation
 Repression
 Projection
 Displacement
 Projection
 Regression
 Dissociation
 Denial
 Reaction formation

25. Frustration and conflict

26. Introduction
• Every action arise in response to a need. So it is
always directed toward a goal the blocking of activity
directed toward a goal result in frustration
• It always produce unpleasant feeling like anger,
irritation, anxiety , this produce mental tension.
• For example- over restrictive parents would be a
source of frustration to an adolescent girl who
wanted to attend a party

27. Definition
• Frustration refers to the blocking of behavior
directed toward the goal frustration means
emotional tension resulting from the blocking of a
desire or need

28. Causes of frustration
• There are two type of frustration one is external, and
one is personal
• EXTERNAL FRUSTRATION – caused by condition
outside of oneself
• PERSONAL FRUSTRATION – is caused by condition
within oneself
• These condition ca be categorized into external and
internal factors

29. • EXTERNAL FACTORS –
• PHYSICAL FACTORS – natural calamities obstacle in
environment to reach a goal environmental situation
or condition, which we cannot control example
contagious disease, death of friend or relatives
• SOCIAL FACTORS- conflict with other people,
customs, traditions, restrictions, taboos law codes

30. • ECONOMICAL FACTORS- financial problems

31. INTERNAL FACTOR-
Physical abnormalities or defect
Conflict of motive within the individual
The individual morality and high ideas [ govt job,
curuption]
High level of aspiration[ childhood question ask]
Lack of persistence and sincerity in effort

32. REACTION TO FRUSTRATION

33. • DIRECT APPROACH –
• Increasing trials and improving effort
• Changing the goal of one that is more attainable

34. • RESTLESSNESS AND TENSION – when increased effort
and variation in attempt fail substitute goal are
unavailable and unacceptable in the person shows
restlessness and tension behavior

35. • AGGRESSION –
• DIRECT AGGRESSION – sometimes aggression is the
expressed directedly against the individual or object
which is the source of frustration
• DISPLACED AGGRESSION – displaced aggression Is an
aggressive action against an innocent person or
object rather than against the actual cause of
frustration

36. • APATHY – those who find that they have no power to
satisfy need by means of their own action successful
may well resort to apathy and withdrawal when
confronted with a frustrating situation
• FANTASY – when problem become too much for an
individual to handle, he is sometimes seeking the
solution of escape into dream world a solution based
on fantasy rather than reality

37. CONFLICT

38. CONFLICT…
• Conflict in life is one cause of stress, conflict is
painful state or condition of an individual, during this
state the person experience an intense emotional
tension. Conflict occurs when one has to choose
between equally desirable or equally undesirable
goals

39. • Definition – conflict means a painful emotional state
which result from a tension between opposed and
contradictory wishes

40. TYPE OF CONFLICT
• Approach Approach conflict
• Avoidance Avoidance conflict
• Approach avoidance conflict
• Multiple approach avoidance conflict

41. Resolution of frustration and conflict
• Frustration and conflict least to stress and anxiety
causing harm to the body some methods of relieving
frustration are
• identify the source of frustration try to change or
control it, if cannot learn to accept it
• Decide important things carefully check everything
care fully before taking a decision

42. • Review the situation again
• Change our goals or modify our desire
• Substitute[easy] our goals with those which are
equally satisfying but different and obtainable
• Seek advice from experts, friends, or relatives
• Avoid indecision stick with decision and forget about
the others choice