Molecular genetics Vocab

1
Unit 8
VOCAB REVIEW
Molecular Genetics
(DNA & RNA)

2
A set of 3 nitrogen
bases that mark an
amino acid.
Vocab Review: Molecular Genetics Ch 12
1

3
Codon
A set of 3 nitrogen
bases that mark an
amino acid.
1

4
Deoxyribo Nucleic
Acid, the building
block of Heredity.
2

5
DNA
Deoxyribo Nucleic
Acid, the building
block of Heredity.
2

6
An enzyme that
unwinds and unzips
the DNA double
helix.
3

7
DNA Helicase
An enzyme that
unwinds and unzips
the DNA double
helix.
3

8
The enzyme that catalyzes
the addition of appropriate
nucleotides to the new DNA
strand.
4

9
DNA polymerase
The enzyme that catalyzes
the addition of appropriate
nucleotides to the new DNA
strand.
4

10
Making a copy of DNA.
5

11
DNA Replication
Making a copy of DNA.
5

12
Shape of a twisted ladder.
6

13
Double Helix
Shape of a twisted ladder.
6

14
Ability of an organism to
control which gene is
transcribed in response to
the environment.
8

15
Gene regulation
Ability of an organism to
control which gene is
transcribed in response to
the environment.
8

16
RNA that takes a message
from the DNA to the site of
Protein synthesis.
10

17
Messenger RNA
RNA that takes a message
from the DNA to the site of
Protein synthesis.
10

18
An thing that can cause
changes in the DNA or RNA
sequences.
11

19
Mutagen
An thing that can cause
changes in the DNA or RNA
sequences.
11

20
Change in DNA or RNA
sequences.
12

21
Mutation
Change in DNA or RNA
sequences.
12

22
Sub-units of nucleic acids
that consist of a 5 carbon
sugar, Phosphate group and
a nitrogen base.
14

23
Nucleotide
Sub-units of nucleic acids
that consist of a 5 carbon
sugar, Phosphate group and
a nitrogen base.
14

24
The small segments of DNA,
synthesized
discontinuously on Lagging
strand.
15

25
Okazaki fragment
The small segments of DNA,
synthesized
discontinuously on Lagging
strand.
15

26
The open end of a
replicating DNA that looks
like a fork.
17

27
Replication fork
The open end of a
replicating DNA that looks
like a fork.
17

28
RNA that decodes the
message in mRNA and
makes proteins in the
ribosomes.
18

29
Ribosomal RNA
RNA that decodes the
message in mRNA and
makes proteins in the
ribosomes.
18

30
Ribo nucleic acid,
complementary copy of one
of the strands of DNA
19

31
RNA
Ribo nucleic acid,
complementary copy of one
of the strands of DNA
19

32
Enzyme that ensures error
correction when RNA is
being made.
20

33
RNA Polymerase
Enzyme that ensures error
correction when RNA is
being made.
20

34
Replication of DNA in which
new DNA molecule has one
strand of new DNA and one
strand of Parental DNA.
21

35
Semi conservative replication
Replication of DNA in which
new DNA molecule has one
strand of new DNA and one
strand of Parental DNA.
21

36
Making a complementary
strand of mRNA from a DNA
strand
22

37
Transcription
Making a complementary
strand of mRNA from a DNA
strand
22

38
RNA that transports the
amino acid molecules from
cytoplasm to site of protein
synthesis.
23

39
Transfer RNA
RNA that transports the
amino acid molecules from
cytoplasm to site of protein
synthesis.
23

40
Technique to correct
mutated disease causing
gene
24

41
Gene therapy
Technique to correct
mutated disease causing
gene
24

42
One of the 5 nitrogen
containing molecules that
constitute the nucleotide,
the monomer of DNA.
25

43
Nitrogen Base
One of the 5 nitrogen
containing molecules that
constitute the nucleotide,
the monomer of DNA.
25

44
Newly generated DNA
fragment containing
external DNA
26

45
Recombinant DNA
Newly generated DNA
fragment containing
external DNA
26

46
Technology used to
manipulate an organism’s
DNA by inserting the DNA of
other organism.
27

47
Genetic Engineering
Technology used to
manipulate an organism’s
DNA by inserting the DNA of
other organism.
27

48
Making proteins from an
mRNA
28

49
Translation
Making proteins from an
mRNA
28

50
Enzyme that joins Okazaki
Fragments during DNA
Replication.
29

51
DNA Ligase
Enzyme that joins Okazaki
Fragments during DNA
Replication.
29

52
Proteins that keep the
replication fork open during
DNA replication.
30

53
Single stranded Binding Protein
Proteins that keep the
replication fork open during
DNA replication.
30

54
The complete set of genes
or genetic material present
in a cell or organism.
31

55
Genome
The complete set of genes
or genetic material present
in a cell or organism.
31

56
Set of all genes in a
population of a species.
32

57
Gene pool
Set of all genes in a
population of a species.
32

58
Do you know all
these words now?
If not – Repeat!!

Molecular genetics Vocab

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Molecular genetics Vocab