DNA contains the genetic instructions that determine traits like appearance and personality. It has a double helix structure with sugars and phosphates forming the sides and nitrogen bases forming the rungs. In the 1950s, Rosalind Franklin discovered the X-ray crystallography structure of DNA. Her work was shared with Watson and Crick, who then constructed a model of DNA's double helix structure, winning a Nobel Prize. DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself for cell division, involving enzymes breaking bonds and RNA assisting new strands to form based on base pairing.

1. DNA Presented by Mrs. Sanford 7th Life Science Barber Middle School

2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) chemical code master copy of instructions for cell structure and function agenda blueprints owner’s manual

3. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) chemical code gives you your characteristics traits like hair color, eye color, height, personality, talents

4. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) chemical code organic compound contains carbon nucleic acid

5. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) structure (what it looks like) three dimensional helix spiral staircase twisted ladder

6. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) structure sides or “handrails” are made of sugars and phosphates ‘ ribo’ is for ribose, a sugar

7. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) structure cross pieces, “rungs” or “steps” are made of nitrogen base pairs Same two bases always pair adenine, thymine (A, T) cytosine, guanine (C, G)

8. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) discovery/history 1950’s x-rayed by Rosalind Franklin DNA X-ray Rosalind Franklin

9. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) discovery/history 1950’s -1960’s Maurice Wilkins gives Franklin’s x-rays to Watson and Crick Francis Crick and James Watson make a model of DNA

10. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) discovery/history 1960’s Franklin dies of cancer Wilkins, Watson, and Crick share a Nobel Prize for the model

11. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Wilkins Watson and Crick DNA Model DNA Model Sketch

12. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA replication happens in interphase Watson and Crick also modeled this

13. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA replication enzymes break apart the bases RNA collects extra bases from the cytoplasm

14. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA replication the extra bases pair with the broken DNA strands new handrails form from sugars and phosphates

15. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) DNA replication Two new strands have been created

16. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Mutation Damaged chromosomes Mismatched base pairs

17. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Mutation - Mistakes in the DNA Example: albinism