The document discusses various types of dental restorative materials including amalgam, acrylic resins, and composite resins. It provides details on the composition, use, and placement techniques for amalgam, including the standard amalgam procedure from preparation to finishing. Matrix bands and retainers are also explained as tools used to support restorations and prevent overhang of materials.

1.  Amalgam
 Acrylic Resins
 Composite Resins
 Matrix Bands / Retainers
Amalgam & Resins
Wk. III / Day 1

2. Restorative Dentistry
 is focused on the general dental needs of the patient
 Restoration of teeth to their original form and shape
 Specific conditions that determine the need for
restorative dentistry include:
 Initial or recurring decay
 Replacement of a failed restoration
 Abrasion or wearing away of tooth structure
 Erosion of tooth structure

3. Esthetic / Cosmetic Dentistry
 Improving the appearance of teeth by repairing
imperfections (includes whitening)
 Specific conditions requiring esthetic dental treatment
 Discoloration (extrinsic or intrinsic staining)
 Anomalies (developmental disturbances)
= Peg lateral
 Abnormal spacing (DIASTEMA)
 Trauma

4. CAVITY PREPARATION
the process of removing diseased tooth structure while leaving
healthy tooth structure for the tooth to maintain a restoration

6. Amalgam
 Amalgam consists of several
different metals, with silver
being the predominant metal
 Metals  powder form then
mixed with mercury to form
a soft, pliable mixture
 Amalgam is a safe, affordable,
and durable material
 used predominantly to restore
premolars and molars

7. Composition of Dental Amalgam
Amalgam
alloy
powder
(57% to 46%)
Silver
(Strength)
Tin
(workability &
strength)
Copper
(strength and
corrosion resistance)
Zinc
(suppress
oxidation)
Mercury
(43% to 54%)

8. National Bureau of Standards
(Quality Control of Materials)
 Biting Force
 Temperature changes
 Bacteria
 Acidity

9. Amalgam Capsules

10.  Amalgam capsules are
measured by “ SPILLS ”
 1 spill = 1 surface filling
 2 spills = 1 large or 2 surface
fillings
 3-5 spills = 3 or more
surfaces, very large
restoration or multiple teeth
Amalgam Capsules (Cont)

11.  Triturates capsule to
mix alloy & mercury
together to form
amalgam
TRITURATION:
- Mechanical means of
combining the dental
alloy and mercury
Amalgamator

12. Metals Mixed to Form Dental
Amalgam

13. OVER TRITURATION
 Decreases setting time
 causes shrinkage
after the amalgam is
set. The filling will be
too small for the
tooth.
UNDER TRITURATION
 Increases setting time
 weakens the amalgam
causes increased
expansion of the
material when set.

14.  http://youtu.be/3SgOMCoDh0w
Amalgamator

15. •Causes brittleness
•Use rubber dam or cotton rolls
Patient Saliva
•Affects setting time & weakens
material
Unclean
instruments
•Prep must be dry otherwise it will
weaken the materialBlood in prep
Sources of Contamination

17. • Uses handpiece and burs, high-speed
(round bur initially, straight burs)
• Hand instruments-excavators,
chisels, etc.
• Slow handpiece to remove decay if
close to pulpal chamber .
• Excavator-Used to spoon out decay.
DDS/DMD -
Prepares
prep
Standard Amalgam Procedure:
Diagnosis, x-rays and anesthesia have been accomplished

18. •Use cotton rolls or
rubber dam
•Saliva ejector for
patient comfort
Isolate
Tooth
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

19. •Use calcium hydroxide
• Zinc oxide eugenol
•Cavity varnish (2 coats)
Medicate
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

20. •Amalgamator, amalgam
well & squeeze cloth
•Use carrier
•Condenser
Restore
with
amalgam
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

21. •Cleoid/discoid or frahm
for occlusal
•Hollenback for
interproximal
Carve
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

22. •Articulating paper
• Marks high spot with
color
•Re-carve if needed
Mark
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

23. Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

24. • Burnish
• Floss, wet cotton roll
• 24-48 hours later
filling can be polished
Finish &
Smooth
Standard Amalgam Procedure
continued

25. https://youtu.be/q8-l5SBMpSc
Amalgam Tray Set-up
https://youtu.be/nz1OGqnOSLY
Amalgam Placement

26.  A matrix system provides a “temporary wall” for the
restoration process in Class II, III and IV preparations
 Universal retainer
 Also referred to as Tofflemire retainer
 A mechanical device that holds the matrix band snugly in
position
 Positioned most commonly from the buccal surface of
the tooth being restored
MATRIX Bands/ Retainers

27. Tofflemire/Matrix Retainer

28. Instrument book

30. Most Commonly Used Posterior
Matrix Bands

31. Anterior Matrix Systems
 A clear plastic matrix is used with
anterior composite resin or glass
ionomer materials
 The clear plastic matrix is also referred to
as the celluloid strip or Mylar strip
 Used for a Class III or IV restoration
when the proximal wall of an anterior
tooth is missing
 No retainer is needed to hold the matrix
in place, making this system an easier
application

32.  Assists the band in adapting to the tooth contour
(prevents overhang)
 Provides tooth separation
 Assist the band in containing the amalgam
Purpose of a Wedge
Plastic Wood

33. Types of Bands

34. 1. Always remove the wedge first.
2. Remove tofflemire after loosening from the
band.
3. VERY carefully, remove the band – one side at
a time.
4. Be careful!!! You can damage the fresh
restoration while lifting off the band if you are
not gentle!
Matrix Removal

35. Placing Matrix Bands Video
https://youtu.be/RTfaz2YzSBs
END DAY 3

36. Provisional Restorative Materials
 Designed to cover the major
portion of a tooth or several teeth
Non-metal compounds
Acrylic Resins
Week 3 / Day 4

37. Example of Provisional Coverage
Materials

38. Acrylic Resin
From Hatrick CD, Eakle WS, Bird WF: Dental materials: clinical applications for dental assistants and dental hygienists, ed 2, St Louis, 2011, Saunders.

39. Monomer: Liquid portion of
the acrylic resin
Polymer: Powder portion of
the acrylic resin
POLYMERIZATION: Chemical
curing / hardening process of
the acrylic resin
Composition

40. Curing Types
Heat-Cured
Light-Cured
Self-Cured

41. Uses for Acrylic Resins
DENTURES
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCEPIT & FISSURE SEALANT
BLEACHING TRAY
TEMPORARY
CROWNS/BRIDGE
CUSTOM TRAYS

42. Acrylic monomers should be stored
in cool, dark areas
Acrylic monomers destroy rubber
on contact
NEVER MIX IN RUBBER BOWL
Precautions

43.  http://youtu.be/GdSN2TafPFY
Acrylic crowns

44. Composite Resins
(Review)
ADVANTAGES
• Biting force is equal to amalgam
• Low solubility
• Excellent shading
• Minimal shrinking during and after setting
• Does not overly react to hot or cold temperatures
• Can be repaired-Bonds to itself

45. Cures fast with light
Cure in layers
Unlimited working time
Highly polishable
ADVANTAGES
Light Cure Composite

46.  Diagnose
(DDS/DMD)
 Prepare
 Isolate
 Medicate
 Etch
STEPS
 Bond
 Restore
 Trim Flash
 Bite Check
 Finish and
Smooth
 Must use amber shield or glasses to protect
eyes

47. Bands for Composite
 Mylar / Celluloid Strip /
Plastic Matrix
Used on anterior
teeth with composite
Class III / IV

48. 48
END OF WEEK 3

49. 49
UNIT 3 MOD – C REVIEW
1. Silver filling 2. Parts of tofflemire retainer
3. 7 Steps of amalgam
restoration
4. Quality control: National
Bureau of Standards
5. Purpose of Wedge 6. Sources of contamination in
amalgam restoration
7. Use of restorative dentistry
(Specific Condition)
8. Composition of Amalgam
9. Amalgamator - Function 10. Wedge – Use
11. Overhang 12. Black’s Cavity Classification:
Uses matrix system and type
13. Materials for building walls:
Class II restoration
14. Under trituration
15. Over Trituration 16. Esthetic / Cosmetic Dentistry
17. Amber Shield 18. Elements found in Amalgam

50. 50
UNIT 3 MOD – C REVIEW (INSTRUCTOR KEY)
1. Silver filling
Common name for amalgam
2. Parts of tofflemire retainer
1. Outer Knob : moves the spindle
2. Spindle: used to secure the band ends
3. Inner Knob: increases or decreases the
size of the loop to match the diameter
of the tooth.
4. Diagonal Slot: Slides up and down on
spindle; open slots is facing towards the
gingiva
5. Guide Slot: straight slot, right and left
slot s for right and left quadrant
3. 7 Steps of amalgam
restoration
Prepare, Isolate, Medicate, Restore, Carve,
Check bite, Finish
4. Quality control: National
Bureau of Standards
1. Bacteria 2. Biting force
3. Temperature changes 4. Acidity
5. Purpose of Wedge
Assist the band in adapting to the tooth
contour
Assist the band in containing the amalgam
Provide tooth separation
6. Sources of contamination in
amalgam restoration
Unclean instruments
Patient’s saliva
Blood in the cavity prep

51. 51
UNIT 3 MOD – C REVIEW (INSTRUCTOR KEY)
7. Use of restorative dentistry
(Specific Condition)
Initial or recurring decay
Replacement of a failed restoration
Abrasion or wear of tooth structure
Erosion of tooth structure
8. Composition of Amalgam
alloy and mercury
9. Amalgamator - Function
Blend or mix alloy and mercury in capsule
form
10. Wedge – Use
Anytime a matrix is used
When the preparation involves a missing
tooth wall
To prevent overhang
11. Overhang
excess material escaping between the
tooth and the matrix band
12. Black’s Cavity Classification:
Uses matrix system and type
Class II: matrix band
Class III & IV: mylar strip
13. Materials for building walls:
Class II restoration
Tofflemire Retainer Matrix Band
Wooden Wedge
14. Under trituration
increases the setting time of the amalgam,
weakens the alloy and causes expansion
of the amalgam when set

52. 52
UNIT 3 MOD – C REVIEW (INSTRUCTOR KEY)
15. Over Trituration
Decreases setting time
causes shrinkage
16. Esthetic / Cosmetic Dentistry
Improving the appearance of teeth by
repairing imperfections which includes
discoloration and anomalies like peg
laterals
17. Amber Shield
Eye protection material when using the
curing light for composite restoration
18. Elements found in Amalgam
Tin, Silver, Copper, Zinc