This document discusses tooth separation techniques and matrices used in dental restorations. It covers two main topics:
1. Separators: Devices used to rapidly or slowly separate teeth during dental procedures. Rapid separators include wedges and Elliot separators, while slow separators include rubber bands, wires, and oversized temporary crowns.
2. Matrices: Devices that create a temporary wall for dental restorations when tooth structure is missing. Various matrix types exist for different cavity classes, including Tofflemire matrices for Class II cavities, shaped strips for Class III/IV, and window matrices for Class V. Matrices are made of materials like metal, cellophane or mylar and aim to confine
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
The cast metal restoration is versatile and is especially applicable to Class II onlay preparations. The process has many steps, involves many dental materials, and requires meticulous attention to prepration.
Tooth treatment planned to be restored with an intracoronal restoration, but the decay or fracture is so extensive that a direct restoration, such as amalgam or composite, would not be able to sustain or bear forces.
Additionally, when decay or fracture incorporate areas of cusp or remaining tooth structure that undermines perimeter walls of a tooth, an onlay might be indicated.
By definition, a veneer is a small sheath-like cover that conceals a particular entity. In dentistry, a veneer is a small piece of porcelain or composite material that fits over a tooth’s enamel, covering teeth abnormalities for a beautiful smile.
Here we discuss various types of veneers, their uses , preparation types as well as the recent advances in a phased manner.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This presentation is all about restoration of endodontically treated teeth, prefabricated post and core, cast post and core, direct and indirect technique.
description about the relining and rebasing, its indications and contraindications, preparatory phases, various techniques with its advantages and disadvantages and laboratory procedures
By definition, a veneer is a small sheath-like cover that conceals a particular entity. In dentistry, a veneer is a small piece of porcelain or composite material that fits over a tooth’s enamel, covering teeth abnormalities for a beautiful smile.
Here we discuss various types of veneers, their uses , preparation types as well as the recent advances in a phased manner.
a detailed account of the principles of tooth preparation with main reference from Shillingburg
The presentation is available on request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
This presentation is all about restoration of endodontically treated teeth, prefabricated post and core, cast post and core, direct and indirect technique.
description about the relining and rebasing, its indications and contraindications, preparatory phases, various techniques with its advantages and disadvantages and laboratory procedures
Contacts and Contours in Conservative DentistryAneetinder Kaur
A brief presentation on:
Form and Function
Fundamental Curvatures
Proximal Contact Area
Labial And Buccal Contours
Benefits of an Ideal Contact and Contour
Matrix
Classification of Matrixes
Universal Matrix (Tofflemire Matrix)
Matrix Bands
Ivory Matrix No.1
Ivory Matrix No. 8
Black’s Matrices
Copper Band Matrix / Soldered Band
Anatomical Matrix/ Compound Supported Matrix
Roll in Band Matrix (Automatrix)
S-shaped Matrix Band
T-shaped Matrix
Mylar Strips
Aluminium Foil Incisal Corner Matrix
Transparent Crown Form Matrix
Window Matrix
Preformed Transparent Cervical Matrix
Tooth Movement
Rapid/ Immediate Movement
Wedges
Slow/ Delayed Tooth Movement
Recent Advances
This topic very important during restoring tooth (ex. CL II), to prevent excess materials and provide good contact and smooth surface...
Also help during diagnosis of proximal carie...
Matrices, retainers and wedges /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Basics of Splinting in Dentoalveolar Traumatology.pptxulster University
In order to even consider the use of a splint, it is necessary to know whether the traumatized tooth is primary or permanent and what kind of injury it has suffered.
In general, the use of a splint is not recommended for injuries to milk teeth, such as luxation or avulsion. Luxated milk teeth are most often extracted.
Repositioning is not recommended because there is a risk of infection which could endanger the tooth
Modern trends in dentoalveolar traumatology support the use of functional and flexible splints for luxation and avulsion.
The prognosis for traumatized teeth is more determined by the type of trauma than the type of splint selected.
The type of splint and the duration of immobilization, therefore, may not be considered significant variables in terms of the outcome of healing.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
2. 1. Seperators 3. Matrices • Matrices for Class III cavity prep:
• S shaped matrix
• Transparent strips
Matrices for Class IV cavity prep:
• L shaped matrix
• Transparent crown forms
• Anatomic matrix
Matrices for Class V cavity prep:
• Window matrix
• Cervical matrix
• Anatomic matrix
Matrices for Class III, IV, V cavity prep:
• Bioclear
• Unica
• Introduction
• Functions
• Reasons for seperation
• Principles of tooth movement
• Types of seperators
• Introduction
• Definitions
• Ideal requirements
• Objectives
• Parts
• Classification
• General priniciples of placement and removal
2. Wedges
• Introduction
• Ideal requirements
• Classification
• Wedge placement
• Techniques of wedging
• Recent advances:
Wedgeguards
Anatomic wedges
Elastic wedges
Matrices for Class I cavity prep:
• Barton matrix
Matrices for Class II cavity prep:
• Universal tofflemire
• Omnimatrix
• Slick bands
• Contouring of the matrix band
• Ivory 1, 8
• Black's matrices
• Steele's siqveland matrix
• Compound supported matrix
• Copper band matrix
• T band matrix
• Automatrix and modifications
• Reel matrix
• Pinch matrix
• Sectional matrices
Method
Contact rings
Classification,
• Contact forming instruments
CONTENTS
3. 1
3
2
Tooth movement is the act of either seperating the involved teeth from each other, bringing
them closer to each other and or changing their spatial position in one/more dimensions
INTRODUCTION
To facilitate the creation of physiologically functional contact,
contour and occluding anatomy in the restored teeth
Function
Diagnosis of proximal caries, Reposition drifted teeth, matrix placement,
polishing restoration,remove the foreign bodies impacted proximally
Reasons for seperation
1 SEPERATORS
4. Principal methods of tooth
movement
Rapid/immediate tooth
movement
Wedge principle:Elliot seperator,
wedges
Traction principle:Non interfering true
seperator, Ferrier double bow
seperator
Slow or delayed tooth movement
Rubber dam sheet
Seperating rubberband
Seperating ligature wires
Oversized resin
Temporary crowns
Orthodontic appliances
5. Rapid tooth movement:
Mechanical type of seperation that
creates either proximal seperation at the
point of seperator's introduction or
improved closeness of the proximal
surface opp. the point of operator's
introduction
Wedge method:
More the wedge moves facially
or lingually when placed
proximally, more the seperation
Wedges
Elliot seperator Indications:
For short duration seperation that doesnt
necessitate stabilization
Examining proximal surface and final
polishing of restored contacts
Tooth seperation should not exceed 0.2-
0.5mm else damage and tenderness to pdl
6. • Adjust the two opposite wedges of the
seperator interproximally so that they are
positioned gingival to contact area not
impinging on interdental papillae or
interceptal rubber dam. Move the knob
clockwise so that the wedges move towards
each other establishing desired seperation
7. Traction principle
Non interfering true
seperator
Indicated when continuous stabilized
separation is required during the
dental operation.
Pros: separation can be increased
or decreased after stabilization, non-
interfering
Ferrier double bow seperator
The separation is stabilized
throughout the operation.
Pros- separation is shared by the
contacting teeth, and not at the
expense of one tooth, as with the
previous type of instrument
Always done with mechanical device which engage the proximal
surfaces of the teeth to be seperated by means of holding arms. These
are mechanically moved apart, creating seperation between clumped
teeth
8. Slow(delayed) tooth movement
Rubber dam sheet Seperating rubber
band
Seperating wires Oversized resin
temporary crowns
Orthodontics
appliances
A small piece of heavy or
extra heavy rubber dam
sheet can be stretched
and positioned in the
contact area
Thin pieces of wires are
introduced beneath the contact
area to form a loop around the
contact area. The two ends can
be twisted together to create a
seperation not beyond 0.5mm.
Oversized mesiodistally
and periodically resin is
added in the contact
areas to increase the
amount of seperation
Most effective and
predictable
Used only when
extensive respositioning
is required
The wires can be tightened
periodically to increase the
seperation
Indication: When teeth have drifted considerably, rapid movement of teeth will endanger the
pdl.Therefore,slow tooth movement, over a period of weeks, will allow the proper positioning of teeth
in a physiological.
9.
10. 2
Wedges
Devices which create rapid seperation of teeth during
preparation and restoration
Commonly used to prevent overhangs at the proximal area
which is an iatrogenic cause of periodontal pathology
11. Ideal requirements
• Easy to apply and withdraw
• Shaped to minimize the risk of trauma to gingival and periodontal tissues
• Supplied in range of shapes and sticks
• Shaped to facilitate the restoration of proximal contours so that the deformation of
matrix band does not occur
• Disposable
• Radiopaque
• Rigid
• Non toxic, non irritant
• Stable in oral fluids
• Not fracture
• Available in bright colours
18. Palodent plus wedge guard/
fender wedges
• Isolation and protection during restorative
treatment
• Matrix and wedge in one step, fast adaptation even
in the most complicated interproximal spaces. Easy
to use, control and removal for the fabrication of
Dental restorations.
• Available in 3 different colour coded sizes. Contains
50 units.
• Inserted into the inter dental space it provides a
protector for the tissue and separates the teeth,
simplifying the following application of a matrix.
• Can be applied buccally or lingually for optimal
access and vision.
20. Elastic wedges
• For rubber dam placement
and isolation
• Autoclavable
• Mostly used in tight
contact cases
21. 3
Introduction
1. Class I cavity: No need of matricing due to confining walls
2. Matrices: Establish a temporary wall for the restoration
when one or more walls of tooth are missing
3. The word matrix is derived from the Latin word Mater’
which means Mother. It was introduced in the year 1871
by Dr. Louis Jack
MATRICES
22. Definitions 1. is the procedure, whereby a temporary
wall is created opposite to axial walls and surrounding
areas of tooth structure that were lost during preparation
2. is a device used during restorative procedures
to hold the plastic restorative material within the tooth
while it is setting.
23. Ideal requirements
1. Ease of application
2. Not be cumbersome: for restoration condensation
or patient comfort
3. Ease of removal after hardening of restoration
4. Rigidity: To confine the restorative material during
condensation without displacement
5. Versatile enough to provide proper contact and contour
in various situations
6. Positive proximal pressure against the tooth during
restoration insertion
7. Non-reactive
8. Inexpensive
24. Objectives
• It must act as a temporary wall of resistance during
introduction of the restorative material.
• It should provide shape to the restoration.
• It should confine the restoration within acceptable
physiological limits.
• It must assist in isolating the gingiva and rubber
dam during introduction of the restorative material
• It must help in maintaining the dry operative field
thereby preventing contamination of the restoration.
25. Parts
1. Band: Piece of metal or polymeric material used to
support and give form to the restorative material during
its insertion and hardening. e.g. cellophane, celluloid, mylar.
Available as strips of various dimensions:
0.001-0.002 inch thickness
3/16 inch, 1/4 inch, 5/16 inch width
2. Retainer: Device by which the band can be maintained in
its designated position and shape.
e.g Mechanical device, dental floss, metal ring or
impression compound
26. 1. Custom-made or
anatomic matrix.
e.g Compound
matrix
2. Mechanical matrix
e.g Ivory 1, 8,
Tofflemire
Depending on
its prep
1. Stainless steel
2. Copper band
3. Cellophane
(cellulose acetate)
4. Polyacetate (mylar)
Depending
on the
type of
band
material
1. With retainer
e.g. Tofflemire, Ivory
1, 8, Steele's
Siqveland matrix,
Sectional matrix
2. Without retainer
e.g. Automatrix,
Copper band, Al
band, Black's
matrices, Anatomic
matrix, S shaped , T
shaped, L shaped
matrix,
Depending on
the mode of
retention
1. Class I cavity with
buccal or lingual
extension
2. Class II cavity
3. Class III cavity
4. Class IV cavity
5. Class V cavity
Depending on
the cavity
preparation for
which it is used
Classification
27. Class I cavity with buccal
or lingual extension
E.g Double banded
tofflemire matrix
Class II cavity
• Single banded tofflemire
• Ivory 1, Ivory 8
• Compound Supported
matrix
• Copper band, T band,
precontoured matrices
• Automatrix
Class III cavity
• S Shaped matrix
• Cellophane strips
• Mylar strips
Class IV cavity
• Cellophane strips
• Transparent celluloid
crown forms
• Dead soft metal
matrix strips
Class V cavity
• Window matrix
• Tin foil matrix
• Preformed
transparent
cervical matrix
Depending on the cavity preparation for which it is used
30. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PLACEMENT AND REMOVAL OF MATRIX SYSTEMS
Check for contacts,
contours
Pre-wedging if
required in case of
tight contacts
Selection of matrix
system
Contouring of band
Placement of matrix
system
Wedge placement,
Support with
compound if
required
Inspection of proper
placement
Restoration of cavity
Removal of
compound, wedge,
matrix
Check for contact,
contours clinically,
radiographically
32. Indication;
Class I cavity
with buccal or
palatal
extension
Since the
tofflemire
retainer with
band doesn't
intimately adapt
to lingual groove-
land sliding
Stainless
steel matrix (0.05
mm thick and 8 mm
wide) between the
lingual surface and
the band already
in place
• A quick setting, rigid polyvinyl siloxane (PVS)–based material/
• Green stick compound/
• The end of a toothpick wedge is covered with softened (heated) compound
may be used between the sectional matrix and the Tofflemire matrix band, to
prevent lingual displacement of the sectional matrix during condensation
Double Banded Tofflemire Matrix or Barton matrix
35. Universal Tofflemire Matrix
• Navy dentist, Dr. Benjamin Franklin
Tofflemire, 1946
• Made universal by the easy application
and removal of the holder from the band
without disturbing the condensed
material
• The retainer can be removed without the
band-more pt. comfort
• Helps to hold the cotton roll in place
36. • Head is directed gingivally
• Set screw (1), rotating spindle (2), slide (3), head
(4), band (5).
• The slide is positioned near the head for
installation of the band in the retainer and for
placement of band around tooth
• Rotating spindle/ vice moving nut adjusts the
distance between the slide and the head. This
movement adjusts the size of the loop
• Set screw/ vice screw nut locks and unlocks the
matrix band
37. •
The junction bw
retainer and band
should always be
next to intact tooth
surface for stability
and prevention of
unnecessary
restorative material
accumulation
38.
39. Tofflemire
bands
Ac to thickness
Ultra thin:0.001
inch
Thin: 0.0015
inch
Medium:
0.0020 inch
Flat bands of
multiple shapes
Precontoured
bands-little or
no adjustment
Larger
circumference -
occlusal edge
Smaller
circumference-
gingival edge
40. Contouring of the matrix band
Outside the patient mouth Inside the patient mouth
Band should be placed on a
resilient paper pad because
contouring cannot occur on a
non resilient surface
After placing the band and
retainer, the band is
burnished against the
adjacent tooth with burnisher
Used with firm pressure in
back and forth overlapping
strokes
The convex side of a spoon
excavator imparts a convex
contour to the matrix band
41. 2 thicknesses
of metal
bands:
.0015”,
ultra thin
.001”
Preassembled
and
disposable
tofflemire
retainer and
band
Less time
consuming
Single piece,
plastic
lightweight
retainer
with .002”
mylar/metal
bands Winged
or
wingless
Expensive
Omnimatrix
Pivoting head
Simply adjust the band's circumference by twisting the conical handle.
43. Ivory No. 1, 8
Ivory 1 Ivory 8
Stainless steel band encircles
one proximal surface of
posterior tooth
Encircles entire crown of the
tooth
• Indicated in unilateral
class 2 cavities
• Tight distal contact
Indicated in
Unilateral/bilateral Class
II(MOD) of posterior teeth
Band attached to the
retainer with a wedge
shaped projection which
engages the tooth at the
embrasure of unprepared
surface
Cumbersome to place
Molar Premolar
44. BLACK'S MATRICES STEELE'S SIQVELAND MATRIX
G. V. Black, 1900 The matrix consists of a circumferential band
with a thumbscrew retainer
Recommended for majority of small and
medium sized cavities
Indicated for restorations of three or more
surfaces
Black's matrix with a gingival extension: to
cover the gingival margin of a subgingival
cavity, a wire/floss is tied to the band to
prevent slippage and tied around the tooth
45. Compound supported Matrix
system
Shape of matrix after
trimming
Contouring
Burnishing
Placement, wedging,
compund support with cone
Contour altered by warm
burnishing instrument
46. Copper band matrix
• Band stabilized with low fusing compound, pushed against the adjacent tooth
• After carving, cut on b/l and then remove
47. T BAND MATRIX
• T shaped band
• When formed, the top portion of the T
allows the straight portion to adjust and fit
the circumference
• Curved/straight
• Narrow/wide
• Brass/steel
• The band is held in place with a flexible
metal ring: contact ring, placed with
special forceps and stabilizes the ends of
matrix band snugly
52. Pinch matrix: Pinch towards tooth for tension
• Introduced by Kerr
• For Class II MO/OD/MOD composite fillings in
posterior area with the innovative integrated
opening system.
• The ring matrix band is 0.038 mm for stable
placement without distortion through tight intact
contact points.
• Three sizes
• Excellent patient comfort and better visibility of
the working area.
54. • The sectional matrix system and separation rings are made up of nickel-titanium
alloy to create a consistent force to separate teeth and then return to their original
shape after use, helping to deliver a tight gingival seal and anatomically shaped
restoration.
Precontoured bands of different dimensions
G ring/ bitine rings
55. • D
Place a matrix band that most closely
approximates the occluso-gingival
height of the tooth. The band should be
oriented with concave edge towards the
occlusal margin of the tooth.
Insert wedge
Apply the 3D –ring retainer. Hold the
ring retainer with the ring placement
forcep and place it over the wedge.
Burnish the band in the desired contact
area against
the adjacent tooth and make sure there
is no springback of the band
Restore the cavity as desired.
Remove the ring, wedge and band.
Removal of the
ring and band may require the need of
forcep
56. • First report of a contoured
sectional matrix: Meyer
• Concept based on the
MCKean orthodontic
seperator is the surest
method of achieving good
contacts
• Two equal and opposite
forces cause seperation of
teeth: McKean principle
57. Contact rings
• According to their evolution, categorized as
First generation systems
Second-generation systems
• First generation systems
Introduced in the late 1990s
Include :-
• Palodent Bitine
• Contact matrix
• Composi-Tight
58. Palodent BiTine I and BiTine II
• First system that was available.
• Rings have rectangular parallel tines.
• Optimum separation (0.55 kg/mm).
• Lack of retentive design because of the
parallel tines but are easy to place on
wide preparations.
• BiTine II is an elongated ring to allow
stacking over the main ring in case of
MOD preparations
59. Contact matrix
• These rings have rectangular tines which
are converging and hence are more
retentive.
• Provide optimum separation (0.38
kg/mm).
• A reverse ring is available for MOD
preparations.
60. Composi-Tight matrix
• Two separate rings are available for
premolar and molar teeth.
• The rings have converging tines with
retentive balls at the end for firmer
grip on the teeth.
• Omnidirectional.
• Drawback: Contacts produced are not
so tight (0.27 kg/mm).
• Large diameter of the rings can lead to
their collapse if used in wide cavities
61. Problems with early contact rings
• Ring collapse or displacement in case of wide proximal boxes.
• Ring stacking that is, placing one ring over the other in case of MOD restoration is
a problem.
• Most importantly, since the contact rings are made of stainless steel, repeated
usage and sterilization effects make them lose their springiness over time
62. Second - Generation Rings
Composi-Tight 3D soft face ring system
The orange Soft Face 3D-Ring The gray thin tine G-Ring
• Used in most circumstances
• Ease of placement
• Burnished tine ends
Ability to adapt to a wide variety of tooth
anatomies while reducing flash and restoring
proper contour
Used where the shape of the dentition makes
ring retention more problematic
63. V3 ring system
Dr. Simon McDonald in 2008
2 types of rings for bicuspid and molar teeth
• Precontoured matrix bands
• Special wedge called the ''wave wedge''to provide optimum
gingival adaptation of the matrix band.
It has two major innovations
• Fully made of Nickel-Titanium ;imparts more springiness
and longevity than stainless steel.
• V-shaped plastic tines to accommodate the wedge.
• The tines have extra width that enables the ring to contact
more tooth structure buccally and lingually.
64. Contact Forming Instruments
• These are special instruments designed to create good
contacts with posterior composites.
• They push the matrix toward the contact area during light
curing.
• Eg: Contact Pro, Optra contact
66. For amalgam ( S shaped matrix)
• Ideal for Class III cavity prep on the distal of the cuspid with either a
labial access or lingual access
• Tofflemire used in case of incisal access
Mirror handle
used to produce
the S shape in
strip
The band is contoured
over the labial surface
of the cuspid and
lingual surface of
adjacent bicuspid
It is then placed
interproximally and
wedged apical to the
gingival margin and
covered with compound
over facial and lingual
ends
67. For direct tooth coloured restorations
• Transparent plastic matrix strips
• Length of strip should just be sufficient to
cover the labial and lingual surface
• A wedge is trimmed and applied to hold the
strip in place
68. Matrix for two small proximal preparations in
contact with each other
• Loop formed in strip. It is flattened
and creased with a finger, making a
T shape and trimmed
71. Transparent crown form matrices
• These are ‘stock’plastic crowns, which can be adapted
to tooth anatomy.
• In bilateral class IV preparations use the entire crown form
but in a unilateral class IV cut the plastic crown
incisogingivally into two halves and use only the side
corresponding to the location of the preparation
• Should be perforated at the incisal angle.
• The prepared tooth is partially filled with the restorative
material while the matrix is completely filled
• filled
72. Anatomic matrix
• Prior to preparing the tooth, study model
for the affected tooth together with atleast
1 intact adjacent tooth is made
• Preferred especially in multiple teeth
74. Anatomic matrix
Window matrix
•Formed using either tofflemire matrix or
copper band matrix
•Window is cut in the band slightly smaller
than cavity outline
•Usually not indicated for very wide
cavities, occlusogingivally or mesiodistally
75. Cervical matrix
•Different sizes and can be utilized with light cure
restorations.
•A handle is also provided to hold the matrix in place
till the material sets
76.
77.
78.
79.
80. REFERENCES
• Operative Dentistry – MA Marzouk
• Art & science of operative Dentistry – Sturdevants (7th
edition)
• Textbook Of Operative Dentistry – Vimal K Sikri (3rd
Edition)
• Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry- Summitt's 4th ed.
• Clinical Operative Dentistry- Ramya Raghu 2nd ed.
few techniques to remove the Tofflemire matrix without breaking the marginal ridge: • As the matrix edge is coming out of the contact, the matrix can be tipped so that the edge will not “flip” the newly carved marginal ridge and break it. • A condenser can be held against the marginal ridge to support it and prevent it from breaking as the matrix is removed. • The movement of the band should be primarily to the facial or lingual aspect as the band slips occlusally out of the contact.
Getz Contour Matrix Band or Dixieland Band (Waterpik Technologies) developed by Dr Wilmer Eames-precontoured bands
