This document provides information about concluding sentences in paragraphs. It explains that a paragraph contains three parts: a topic sentence, supporting sentences, and a concluding sentence. The concluding sentence should connect back to the topic sentence by repeating or referring to key ideas without introducing new information. It advises using transition signals like "in conclusion" to indicate the end of the paragraph.

1. Module 3
Concluding Sentences
Information taken from: Butler, L. Fundamentals of
Academic Writing. Longman & Hogue, A. (2008).
First Steps in Academic Writing. Longman.
In Module 1 and 2 you learned about topic sentence, and
supporting sentences. In this module you will learn more
about concluding sentences.

2. Parts of a Paragraph
A paragraph has 3 main parts:
1. Topic sentence
2. Supporting sentences
3. Concluding sentence

3. Concluding Sentence
Some paragraphs end with a concluding
sentence.
Concluding means “finishing” or “completing”.
A concluding sentence marks the end of the
writer’s comments on the topic.

4. It usually connects to information in the topic
sentence. Below are two ways for a
concluding sentence to do that:
1. Sometimes a concluding sentence repeats
words from the topic sentence, to bring the
reader back to the main idea:
Topic Sentence Concluding Sentence
When I take a trip, I prefer
to go by train.
These are just a few
reasons why I like
traveling by train.

5. 2. Sometimes the writer ends the paragraph with
a personal comment about the topic.
Topic Sentence Personal comment
Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark were
important American
explorers.
I admire Lewis and
Clark because they
were brave, smart, and
adventurous.

6. Writer’s Tip 1
Do NOT introduce a new idea in your concluding
sentence. Just review or repeat the ideas you have
already discussed.
Do NOT add anything new.
Wrong: Also, flight attendants love to travel.
Wrong: In conclusion, I hope to become a flight
attendant some day.

7. Writer’s Tip 2
Use a transition signal to tell your reader that
this is the end of your paragraph.
Here are several conclusion signals. Notice
that there is always a comma after conclusion
signal.

8. Conclusion
Signals
To conclude,
In conclusion,
To sum up,
To summarize,
In summary
In brief,
In short,
Indeed,
Use a transition signal to tell your reader that this is the end
of your paragraph.
Here are several conclusion signals. Notice that there is
always a comma after the conclusion signal.