This document provides information about driver responsibilities related to vehicle functions. It discusses topics like vehicle functions and malfunctions, anti-lock braking systems, vehicle performance, and highway transportation system agencies. Specific sections cover dashboard warning symbols, vehicle failures, vehicle systems including steering/suspension, brakes, fuel, and electrical systems, and anti-lock braking systems. The document is intended to educate drivers on important vehicle components and what to do in situations like malfunctions or emergencies.
This document discusses driver responsibilities in adverse conditions and is divided into multiple topics. It addresses issues like reduced visibility at night, precautions in fog and bad weather, and dangers of low water crossings. Specific tips are provided, such as using low beam headlights in fog to reduce glare, slowing down in rain to account for longer braking distances, and understanding that flash floods are the leading cause of vehicle-related deaths. Overall, the document stresses being cautious, slowing speeds, and taking additional safety measures when visibility is limited by conditions like darkness, weather, or flooding.
This document provides information about Virginia driver responsibilities related to preparing to operate a vehicle. It discusses topics like driver preparation procedures, identifying vehicle control devices, operating vehicle control devices, vehicle balance considerations, and standard vehicle reference points. The document contains guidance on pre-drive tasks like checking the vehicle exterior and interior, starting tasks, securing tasks after parking, and identifying various vehicle control, safety, and comfort devices. It also discusses maintaining vehicle balance in terms of roll, pitch, and yaw.
The document provides information on basic driving maneuvers and tasks for a low risk environment. It discusses topics such as basic maneuvers, vision and perception, controlling risk using a space management system, and developing good driving habits. The document contains guidance on tasks like entering roadways, backing up, maintaining proper vision areas, determining following intervals based on speed, and developing an effective space management system through searching and evaluating risks.
This document provides information on basic maneuvering tasks for driving in a moderate risk environment. It discusses topics including risk, space management systems, lane changes, turnabouts, and parking. The document contains lesson plans and slides on risk assessment, vehicle operating zones, searching for hazards, evaluating risk, and executing maneuvers like turning at intersections while maintaining space, speed, and visibility. The overall goal is to teach drivers how to reduce risk through proper space management, decision making, and developing safe driving habits.
This document provides information on processing information for moderate risk driving environments. It discusses topics including processing information, intersections, curves and hills, and passing. It provides guidance on visual searches, positioning the vehicle, understanding lane markings, limited lines of sight, and determining the time and space needed for passing. The overall focus is on the visual and cognitive skills needed to safely navigate roads with intersections, curves, hills and other vehicles.
This document provides information about driving on expressways, including:
- Characteristics of expressways like controlled access, high speeds, divided lanes, and only allowing motor vehicles.
- Types of expressway interchanges like cloverleaf, diamond, trumpet, and frontage road and their characteristics.
- Proper techniques for entering, exiting, merging, passing, and lane changes on expressways.
- The purpose and components of entrance ramps, exit ramps, acceleration lanes, and deceleration lanes. It emphasizes the importance of signaling, scanning traffic, and adjusting speed when maneuvering on expressways.
The document provides guidance for safely operating emergency vehicles. It outlines a comprehensive training program with four parts: driving regulations, safety tips, defensive driving techniques, and a driver awareness course. Historically, many firefighter fatalities have resulted from vehicle accidents. The training stresses prevention through policies like mandatory seatbelt use. Drivers and officers are both responsible for crew safety and can be liable for inadequate training. The document reviews common causes of collisions and techniques for defensive driving.
The document describes characteristics and considerations for expressways. It defines expressways as having controlled access, high speeds up to 65 mph, barriers dividing lanes, and allowing only motorized vehicles. It discusses entrance and exit ramp designs including cloverleaf, diamond, trumpet, and frontage road interchanges. It also covers entrance and exit procedures, lane selection, reduced risk lane changes, weave lanes, and dangers of multiple lane roads like pack driving.
This document discusses driver responsibilities in adverse conditions and is divided into multiple topics. It addresses issues like reduced visibility at night, precautions in fog and bad weather, and dangers of low water crossings. Specific tips are provided, such as using low beam headlights in fog to reduce glare, slowing down in rain to account for longer braking distances, and understanding that flash floods are the leading cause of vehicle-related deaths. Overall, the document stresses being cautious, slowing speeds, and taking additional safety measures when visibility is limited by conditions like darkness, weather, or flooding.
This document provides information about Virginia driver responsibilities related to preparing to operate a vehicle. It discusses topics like driver preparation procedures, identifying vehicle control devices, operating vehicle control devices, vehicle balance considerations, and standard vehicle reference points. The document contains guidance on pre-drive tasks like checking the vehicle exterior and interior, starting tasks, securing tasks after parking, and identifying various vehicle control, safety, and comfort devices. It also discusses maintaining vehicle balance in terms of roll, pitch, and yaw.
The document provides information on basic driving maneuvers and tasks for a low risk environment. It discusses topics such as basic maneuvers, vision and perception, controlling risk using a space management system, and developing good driving habits. The document contains guidance on tasks like entering roadways, backing up, maintaining proper vision areas, determining following intervals based on speed, and developing an effective space management system through searching and evaluating risks.
This document provides information on basic maneuvering tasks for driving in a moderate risk environment. It discusses topics including risk, space management systems, lane changes, turnabouts, and parking. The document contains lesson plans and slides on risk assessment, vehicle operating zones, searching for hazards, evaluating risk, and executing maneuvers like turning at intersections while maintaining space, speed, and visibility. The overall goal is to teach drivers how to reduce risk through proper space management, decision making, and developing safe driving habits.
This document provides information on processing information for moderate risk driving environments. It discusses topics including processing information, intersections, curves and hills, and passing. It provides guidance on visual searches, positioning the vehicle, understanding lane markings, limited lines of sight, and determining the time and space needed for passing. The overall focus is on the visual and cognitive skills needed to safely navigate roads with intersections, curves, hills and other vehicles.
This document provides information about driving on expressways, including:
- Characteristics of expressways like controlled access, high speeds, divided lanes, and only allowing motor vehicles.
- Types of expressway interchanges like cloverleaf, diamond, trumpet, and frontage road and their characteristics.
- Proper techniques for entering, exiting, merging, passing, and lane changes on expressways.
- The purpose and components of entrance ramps, exit ramps, acceleration lanes, and deceleration lanes. It emphasizes the importance of signaling, scanning traffic, and adjusting speed when maneuvering on expressways.
The document provides guidance for safely operating emergency vehicles. It outlines a comprehensive training program with four parts: driving regulations, safety tips, defensive driving techniques, and a driver awareness course. Historically, many firefighter fatalities have resulted from vehicle accidents. The training stresses prevention through policies like mandatory seatbelt use. Drivers and officers are both responsible for crew safety and can be liable for inadequate training. The document reviews common causes of collisions and techniques for defensive driving.
The document describes characteristics and considerations for expressways. It defines expressways as having controlled access, high speeds up to 65 mph, barriers dividing lanes, and allowing only motorized vehicles. It discusses entrance and exit ramp designs including cloverleaf, diamond, trumpet, and frontage road interchanges. It also covers entrance and exit procedures, lane selection, reduced risk lane changes, weave lanes, and dangers of multiple lane roads like pack driving.
John Seaman of UC Santa Barbara provides an overview of vehicle and equipment safety. He notes that traffic collisions are the leading cause of on-the-job fatalities in the US and that most are preventable. Seaman then discusses proven strategies for reducing collisions through defensive driving training programs and ensuring safe operation of specialized equipment like forklifts and aerial work platforms through certification training. The financial impact of collisions on the UC system and strategies to improve safety and reduce costs are also covered.
Unit 1 covers orientation topics like driver school rules, graduated licensing system, and the roles of driving coaches. It includes defining changes in laws since the coach received their license.
Unit 2 covers traffic control devices like signs, signals, and pavement markings. It emphasizes their purpose for safety and the risks of disobeying them, including the dangers of speeding.
Unit 3 introduces vehicle controls and safety equipment. It stresses the importance of using all equipment like seatbelts and mirrors properly.
The document discusses legal considerations and best practices for emergency vehicle operations. It outlines that emergency vehicle drivers are subject to traffic laws unless a specific exemption applies, and exemptions only apply when responding to a true emergency. It defines key terms like "true emergency" and "due regard." It also notes that emergency vehicle drivers can still be held liable for accidents even when operating under an exemption. The document emphasizes the importance of driving with caution and within your abilities while giving adequate notice to others on the road.
The document contains test results for the 2018 Suzuki Jimny. It achieved a 73% score for adult occupant protection, 84% for child occupant protection, 52% for vulnerable road user protection, and 50% for safety assist technologies. Key results include good ratings for frontal crash protection for adult occupants but weaker ratings for the driver's chest. Child occupant protection was rated highly with all child restraints installing properly. Pedestrian impact protection was mostly good but the autonomous emergency braking system performed weakly for pedestrians. Lane departure warning was provided but no lane keeping assistance.
You can’t control the actions of other drivers. But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people’s bad driving. So before you get behind the wheel of that two-ton frame of glass and steel, here are some tips to help you stay in control:
Crash tests are conducted to evaluate vehicle safety and reduce injuries. Standard tests include frontal impacts at 35 mph into a barrier, side impacts from a moving barrier at 31 mph, and offset frontal crashes where only one side hits a barrier at 40 mph. Advanced crash test facilities use dummies equipped with sensors, barriers, and high speed cameras to analyze crash forces and the likelihood of injury. Vehicle structures are designed to manage crash energy through elements like crumple zones that absorb the force of impacts. Star ratings indicate a vehicle's expected level of occupant protection based on test results.
Defensive Driving Original_3 Second Safe Following Distance_PNK_CRSPPaul N. Koyich
The document discusses defensive driving techniques. It states that the course will teach participants how to drive safely and defensively by adapting their style to road, weather, and traffic conditions. Upon completion, participants will be able to follow traffic rules, perform vehicle checks, and understand how braking distances are affected by road and weather. Key aspects of defensive driving covered are the three second following distance rule, driving habits, and the six conditions that impact safe driving: the driver, vehicle, road, weather, traffic, and visibility.
This document provides an outline for a driver education classroom instruction module. It covers several topics related to driver readiness including driving practices, fatigue, and aggressive driving. For each topic, it lists learning objectives and references textbooks, websites, and videos for students to review. It also includes example test questions to assess students' understanding of key concepts like right-of-way rules, stopping procedures, and countermeasures to reduce risks from fatigue and aggression. The goal is for students to learn safe, legal, and responsible driving techniques through classroom study and applied exercises.
This document summarizes a class seminar on car crash testing. It discusses how crash tests are conducted by driving vehicles into barriers at high speeds and using crash test dummies equipped with sensors. The standard types of crash tests are frontal, side impact, and offset tests. Safety systems like seatbelts and airbags help absorb the kinetic energy during impacts. Crash test ratings provide probabilities of injury based on test outcomes. While crash testing has improved safety, the document notes that mandatory crash testing and safety standards are still lacking in India.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a defensive driving presentation about construction vehicle hazards. It discusses the leading causes of accidents, including inattention, speeding, and impaired driving. Specific hazards of operating, parking, and maintaining construction vehicles are examined, such as rollovers, striking overhead lines, and parking in unsafe areas. Fifteen driver safety tips are presented, including pre-trip inspections, following distance, backing safely, and winter driving precautions. The importance of safe driving for the company's reputation is emphasized.
Blind spot detection uses sensors like cameras, radar or ultrasonic sensors to detect vehicles in a driver's blind spots and alert the driver when a vehicle enters that area. The sensors monitor the sides and rear of the vehicle, alerting the driver with lights or audio if a vehicle is detected when the turn signal is activated. This technology helps reduce accidents caused by drivers unintentionally changing lanes into another vehicle's path, though more data is still needed on its real-world safety impact. Automakers are increasingly including blind spot detection as a standard or optional safety feature.
This document presents the final report of the Advanced Restraint Systems project conducted by Ford, GM, and Mercedes-Benz. The project evaluated using pre-crash sensing information to tailor restraint systems to the occupant and crash type. Two crash modes were studied - a vehicle-to-vehicle impact and a vehicle-to-pole impact - at two speeds each. In total, 24 load cases were analyzed for different occupant sizes and positions. Computer modeling and vehicle crash tests were conducted to develop and evaluate prototype advanced restraint systems. The systems included airbags, seatbelts, and seats with features that could be adapted based on pre-crash information to improve occupant protection for various scenarios. Component testing supported the hardware development
This document provides training requirements and safety guidelines for operating non-conventional vehicles (NCVs) such as golf carts at Auburn University. Key points include: successful completion of online training including a 10 question quiz is required to operate NCVs; NCVs must be registered and guidelines followed regarding use, maintenance, driving restrictions, parking and reporting accidents; the training covers proper use of safety equipment, yielding to pedestrians, load limits, and inspection requirements.
A presentation given at the 2016 Traffic Safety Conference during Breakout Session 9: Motorcycle Safety. By Chiara Silvestri-Dobrovolny, Associate Research Scientist, Roadside Safety, Texas A&M Transportation Institute
Traffic management safety six key issues (presentaion 1)Shze Hwa Lee
This document provides a summary of a presentation on traffic management for occupational safety and health. It discusses the key issues of traffic management including minimizing vehicle movements, visibility, keeping pedestrians and vehicles apart, ensuring competence of people on site, managing risks of reversing vehicles, and using proper signs and instructions. Specific strategies are outlined for each issue, such as providing separate routes, barriers, lighting, training, and signage. The presentation aims to reduce accidents and ensure worksite traffic safety.
This document discusses various technologies for improving vehicle safety. It outlines technologies for active safety that help prevent accidents, such as collision warning systems, visible enhancement technologies, adaptive cruise control, anti-lock braking systems, and lane assistance. It also discusses pre-collision systems that help mitigate damage during accidents, such as collision mitigation braking. Passive safety technologies aimed at reducing injury during accidents are also outlined, including crumple zones, airbags, and head restraints. Evaluation methods for testing these technologies include crash tests using dummies to assess injury risk and pedestrian protection performance tests.
Volvo intelli safe factsheet for volvo s 90 series carsRushLane
Volvo's 90 Series cars feature extensive standard and optional safety technologies to help avoid collisions and protect occupants. Standard systems include City Safety technologies that detect vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists and large animals to warn the driver and automatically brake if needed. Optional IntelliSafe packages add features like blind spot monitoring, cross traffic alert, and semi-autonomous driving with Pilot Assist II up to 130 km/h. The cars also have Run-off Road Mitigation to help prevent leaving the road and Run-off Road Protection to tighten seatbelts and cushion impacts if a run-off occurs. Reinforced with hot-formed boron steel, the safety cage structure surrounds and protects occupants.
Car crashes are caused by human error, faulty equipment, weather, and other factors. To test vehicle safety, experiments are conducted including frontal impact, side impact, and rollover tests. Vehicles are given star ratings based on factors like structural integrity and injury measures. Safety features include active systems like ABS and DSC that help prevent crashes, and passive systems like airbags and seatbelts that mitigate injury during a crash. Proper use of all vehicle safety systems and features can help reduce accident risks and injuries.
This document discusses driver performance and the effects of alcohol and other drugs on driving. It covers six topics: introducing alcohol and choosing not to use it, the nature of alcohol-related crash problems, the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol, how alcohol and other drugs affect driving abilities, dealing with driver fatigue, and preventing road rage. The document provides information on Virginia's zero tolerance law for underage drinking and driving, factors that influence blood alcohol concentration, and guidelines for determining blood alcohol content from different types and amounts of alcoholic beverages. It aims to help drivers make responsible decisions about alcohol use and understand the dangers of drinking and driving.
This document discusses driver responsibilities related to insuring and maintaining a vehicle. It covers four main topics: insuring a vehicle, purchasing a vehicle, trip planning, and Virginia's conservation concerns. Under insuring a vehicle, it outlines Virginia's requirements for minimum liability insurance coverage and the penalties for driving without insurance. It also explains the different types of auto insurance coverage including liability, medical payments, uninsured motorist, collision, comprehensive, towing and labor, and rental reimbursement. The document concludes by discussing factors that determine insurance costs such as the type of car, driver characteristics, and available discounts.
John Seaman of UC Santa Barbara provides an overview of vehicle and equipment safety. He notes that traffic collisions are the leading cause of on-the-job fatalities in the US and that most are preventable. Seaman then discusses proven strategies for reducing collisions through defensive driving training programs and ensuring safe operation of specialized equipment like forklifts and aerial work platforms through certification training. The financial impact of collisions on the UC system and strategies to improve safety and reduce costs are also covered.
Unit 1 covers orientation topics like driver school rules, graduated licensing system, and the roles of driving coaches. It includes defining changes in laws since the coach received their license.
Unit 2 covers traffic control devices like signs, signals, and pavement markings. It emphasizes their purpose for safety and the risks of disobeying them, including the dangers of speeding.
Unit 3 introduces vehicle controls and safety equipment. It stresses the importance of using all equipment like seatbelts and mirrors properly.
The document discusses legal considerations and best practices for emergency vehicle operations. It outlines that emergency vehicle drivers are subject to traffic laws unless a specific exemption applies, and exemptions only apply when responding to a true emergency. It defines key terms like "true emergency" and "due regard." It also notes that emergency vehicle drivers can still be held liable for accidents even when operating under an exemption. The document emphasizes the importance of driving with caution and within your abilities while giving adequate notice to others on the road.
The document contains test results for the 2018 Suzuki Jimny. It achieved a 73% score for adult occupant protection, 84% for child occupant protection, 52% for vulnerable road user protection, and 50% for safety assist technologies. Key results include good ratings for frontal crash protection for adult occupants but weaker ratings for the driver's chest. Child occupant protection was rated highly with all child restraints installing properly. Pedestrian impact protection was mostly good but the autonomous emergency braking system performed weakly for pedestrians. Lane departure warning was provided but no lane keeping assistance.
You can’t control the actions of other drivers. But updating your defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other people’s bad driving. So before you get behind the wheel of that two-ton frame of glass and steel, here are some tips to help you stay in control:
Crash tests are conducted to evaluate vehicle safety and reduce injuries. Standard tests include frontal impacts at 35 mph into a barrier, side impacts from a moving barrier at 31 mph, and offset frontal crashes where only one side hits a barrier at 40 mph. Advanced crash test facilities use dummies equipped with sensors, barriers, and high speed cameras to analyze crash forces and the likelihood of injury. Vehicle structures are designed to manage crash energy through elements like crumple zones that absorb the force of impacts. Star ratings indicate a vehicle's expected level of occupant protection based on test results.
Defensive Driving Original_3 Second Safe Following Distance_PNK_CRSPPaul N. Koyich
The document discusses defensive driving techniques. It states that the course will teach participants how to drive safely and defensively by adapting their style to road, weather, and traffic conditions. Upon completion, participants will be able to follow traffic rules, perform vehicle checks, and understand how braking distances are affected by road and weather. Key aspects of defensive driving covered are the three second following distance rule, driving habits, and the six conditions that impact safe driving: the driver, vehicle, road, weather, traffic, and visibility.
This document provides an outline for a driver education classroom instruction module. It covers several topics related to driver readiness including driving practices, fatigue, and aggressive driving. For each topic, it lists learning objectives and references textbooks, websites, and videos for students to review. It also includes example test questions to assess students' understanding of key concepts like right-of-way rules, stopping procedures, and countermeasures to reduce risks from fatigue and aggression. The goal is for students to learn safe, legal, and responsible driving techniques through classroom study and applied exercises.
This document summarizes a class seminar on car crash testing. It discusses how crash tests are conducted by driving vehicles into barriers at high speeds and using crash test dummies equipped with sensors. The standard types of crash tests are frontal, side impact, and offset tests. Safety systems like seatbelts and airbags help absorb the kinetic energy during impacts. Crash test ratings provide probabilities of injury based on test outcomes. While crash testing has improved safety, the document notes that mandatory crash testing and safety standards are still lacking in India.
This document provides an agenda and overview for a defensive driving presentation about construction vehicle hazards. It discusses the leading causes of accidents, including inattention, speeding, and impaired driving. Specific hazards of operating, parking, and maintaining construction vehicles are examined, such as rollovers, striking overhead lines, and parking in unsafe areas. Fifteen driver safety tips are presented, including pre-trip inspections, following distance, backing safely, and winter driving precautions. The importance of safe driving for the company's reputation is emphasized.
Blind spot detection uses sensors like cameras, radar or ultrasonic sensors to detect vehicles in a driver's blind spots and alert the driver when a vehicle enters that area. The sensors monitor the sides and rear of the vehicle, alerting the driver with lights or audio if a vehicle is detected when the turn signal is activated. This technology helps reduce accidents caused by drivers unintentionally changing lanes into another vehicle's path, though more data is still needed on its real-world safety impact. Automakers are increasingly including blind spot detection as a standard or optional safety feature.
This document presents the final report of the Advanced Restraint Systems project conducted by Ford, GM, and Mercedes-Benz. The project evaluated using pre-crash sensing information to tailor restraint systems to the occupant and crash type. Two crash modes were studied - a vehicle-to-vehicle impact and a vehicle-to-pole impact - at two speeds each. In total, 24 load cases were analyzed for different occupant sizes and positions. Computer modeling and vehicle crash tests were conducted to develop and evaluate prototype advanced restraint systems. The systems included airbags, seatbelts, and seats with features that could be adapted based on pre-crash information to improve occupant protection for various scenarios. Component testing supported the hardware development
This document provides training requirements and safety guidelines for operating non-conventional vehicles (NCVs) such as golf carts at Auburn University. Key points include: successful completion of online training including a 10 question quiz is required to operate NCVs; NCVs must be registered and guidelines followed regarding use, maintenance, driving restrictions, parking and reporting accidents; the training covers proper use of safety equipment, yielding to pedestrians, load limits, and inspection requirements.
A presentation given at the 2016 Traffic Safety Conference during Breakout Session 9: Motorcycle Safety. By Chiara Silvestri-Dobrovolny, Associate Research Scientist, Roadside Safety, Texas A&M Transportation Institute
Traffic management safety six key issues (presentaion 1)Shze Hwa Lee
This document provides a summary of a presentation on traffic management for occupational safety and health. It discusses the key issues of traffic management including minimizing vehicle movements, visibility, keeping pedestrians and vehicles apart, ensuring competence of people on site, managing risks of reversing vehicles, and using proper signs and instructions. Specific strategies are outlined for each issue, such as providing separate routes, barriers, lighting, training, and signage. The presentation aims to reduce accidents and ensure worksite traffic safety.
This document discusses various technologies for improving vehicle safety. It outlines technologies for active safety that help prevent accidents, such as collision warning systems, visible enhancement technologies, adaptive cruise control, anti-lock braking systems, and lane assistance. It also discusses pre-collision systems that help mitigate damage during accidents, such as collision mitigation braking. Passive safety technologies aimed at reducing injury during accidents are also outlined, including crumple zones, airbags, and head restraints. Evaluation methods for testing these technologies include crash tests using dummies to assess injury risk and pedestrian protection performance tests.
Volvo intelli safe factsheet for volvo s 90 series carsRushLane
Volvo's 90 Series cars feature extensive standard and optional safety technologies to help avoid collisions and protect occupants. Standard systems include City Safety technologies that detect vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists and large animals to warn the driver and automatically brake if needed. Optional IntelliSafe packages add features like blind spot monitoring, cross traffic alert, and semi-autonomous driving with Pilot Assist II up to 130 km/h. The cars also have Run-off Road Mitigation to help prevent leaving the road and Run-off Road Protection to tighten seatbelts and cushion impacts if a run-off occurs. Reinforced with hot-formed boron steel, the safety cage structure surrounds and protects occupants.
Car crashes are caused by human error, faulty equipment, weather, and other factors. To test vehicle safety, experiments are conducted including frontal impact, side impact, and rollover tests. Vehicles are given star ratings based on factors like structural integrity and injury measures. Safety features include active systems like ABS and DSC that help prevent crashes, and passive systems like airbags and seatbelts that mitigate injury during a crash. Proper use of all vehicle safety systems and features can help reduce accident risks and injuries.
This document discusses driver performance and the effects of alcohol and other drugs on driving. It covers six topics: introducing alcohol and choosing not to use it, the nature of alcohol-related crash problems, the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol, how alcohol and other drugs affect driving abilities, dealing with driver fatigue, and preventing road rage. The document provides information on Virginia's zero tolerance law for underage drinking and driving, factors that influence blood alcohol concentration, and guidelines for determining blood alcohol content from different types and amounts of alcoholic beverages. It aims to help drivers make responsible decisions about alcohol use and understand the dangers of drinking and driving.
This document discusses driver responsibilities related to insuring and maintaining a vehicle. It covers four main topics: insuring a vehicle, purchasing a vehicle, trip planning, and Virginia's conservation concerns. Under insuring a vehicle, it outlines Virginia's requirements for minimum liability insurance coverage and the penalties for driving without insurance. It also explains the different types of auto insurance coverage including liability, medical payments, uninsured motorist, collision, comprehensive, towing and labor, and rental reimbursement. The document concludes by discussing factors that determine insurance costs such as the type of car, driver characteristics, and available discounts.
The document discusses various topics related to owning and operating a vehicle, including:
- Required minimum auto insurance coverage in Virginia of $25,000 bodily injury per person, up to $50,000 per incident, and $20,000 property damage.
- Factors that determine auto insurance premium costs such as driver age, vehicle type, and driving record.
- Steps to take in the event of a collision, including notifying police and exchanging insurance information.
- Formulas for calculating the total cost of a vehicle including interest, as well as the monthly loan payment amount.
- Considerations for trip planning like lodging costs, fuel efficiency calculations, and maps for navigation.
This document provides information on Virginia driver responsibilities and licensing. It covers 4 topics: 1) the goals and requirements for a driver's license, 2) the types of Virginia licenses and requirements to obtain them, 3) right-of-way concepts at intersections and special situations, and 4) vehicle inspection and registration requirements. The document includes tables and illustrations to explain licensing types, right-of-way rules, and when to yield to other vehicles or pedestrians. It is intended to educate drivers on Virginia road rules and regulations.
This document provides information about various vehicle systems and functions, warning symbols, failures, and safety tips. It discusses topics like:
- Dashboard warning lights and their meanings for issues like temperature, oil pressure, alternator, brakes, and more.
- Actions to take for failures such as tire blowouts, stuck accelerators, brake failures, and vehicle fires.
- Components and purposes of systems like tires and suspension, engines, and electrical, braking, and exhaust systems.
- Safety information for sharing the road with trucks, bicyclists, and motorcyclists.
This document discusses factors that influence blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels, including types of alcoholic drinks, weight, gender, time spent drinking, and food consumption. It notes that BAC is affected by the size and alcohol content of drinks. Higher BAC levels impair brain function and can cause intoxication, reduced coordination, impaired judgment, and unconsciousness. The document also discusses how drugs like marijuana and prescription medications can negatively impact driving ability.
This document discusses risk assessment and space management strategies for driving. It defines risk as the chance of injury, damage or loss from a crash, and identifies behaviors that increase risk like speeding and distracted driving. It describes how to assess open, closed and changing zones around your vehicle to manage space. The document provides guidance on turning, lane changes, parking and turnabouts including techniques for path of travel, reference points, signaling and reducing risks.
This document provides information on various driving safety topics such as headlight alignment, overdriving headlights, dealing with glare from other vehicles' headlights, fog conditions, winter weather conditions, hydroplaning, traction loss, and occupant protection. It discusses proper techniques for headlight alignment, determining safe speeds based on lighting conditions, adjusting mirrors to reduce glare, driving in fog and snow, determining water depth at low water crossings, using brakes to dry them, and minimizing glare. It also covers tips for dusty areas, underinflated tires, snow and ice conditions, dealing with wind, using safety restraints properly, airbag safety, and new automotive technologies that improve safety.
This document provides guidance on traffic rules and safe driving practices for drivers in Assam, India. It covers rules regarding right of way, traffic lights and signs, road markings, and precautions to take at intersections, roundabouts, and when overtaking other vehicles. Key points emphasized include slowing down at intersections, yielding to traffic on the right, being cautious when traffic signals change, and only overtaking when it is safe to do so without endangering pedestrians or oncoming traffic.
This Pennsylvania driving manual covers many topics related to obtaining a learner's permit and driver's license including classroom and behind-the-wheel instruction, licensing procedures, traffic laws, signs and signals, defensive driving techniques, and more. Key areas of focus are choosing safety first, everyday driving skills like managing space and speed, and negotiating intersections, turns, and other special circumstances. The course meets the 30 hours of classroom and 6 hours of behind-the-wheel instruction required by the state.
Drivers must consider visibility, space, time, and traction when maneuvering their vehicle. They need to search for potential hazards by scanning their field of vision from 4-30 seconds ahead. When passing, drivers must determine if they are in a legal passing zone, calculate the time and space needed to pass safely based on vehicle speeds, and check for oncoming traffic to ensure adequate distance to complete the maneuver. Failing to properly process roadway information and plan maneuvers can lead to unsafe driving situations.
This document provides instruction on techniques for safely entering and exiting roadways, including proper visual scanning methods, maintaining space around your vehicle, and making decisions at intersections. Key steps include performing thorough traffic checks, selecting an appropriate gap, and gradually accelerating into the lane while steering to the center. It emphasizes establishing a targeted area 20 seconds ahead and adjusting speed based on visibility. Potential hazards include pedestrians, oncoming vehicles, and bicyclists. The top driver errors that cause crashes are following too closely, failure to yield, speeding, and improper lane changes.
This document provides information about obtaining a driver's license in Virginia. It discusses the requirements for a learner's permit and driver's license, including proof of identification, residency, and legal presence. It also outlines the testing process and additional requirements for applicants under age 18. The document reviews different license types, renewals, restrictions, and consequences of suspensions or revocations. It includes sections on organ donation, right-of-way concepts, railroad safety, traffic signs and signals, and pavement markings.
This document provides information and procedures for driver preparation and vehicle checks. It discusses:
1. Performing pre-drive checks of the vehicle exterior and ensuring no children or pets are near the vehicle.
2. Adjusting mirrors, seats, seatbelts and other controls upon entering the vehicle.
3. Understanding vehicle control devices like the brake, accelerator, and gear selector and how to properly operate them.
4. Checking fluid levels, tires, lights and other components regularly to maintain vehicle safety and performance.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation and controls for a vehicle. It includes descriptions of the instrument cluster, warning lights, gauges, controls, and features. It also provides information on starting and driving the vehicle, as well as maintenance and care. The document aims to help the driver understand how to operate the vehicle safely and properly maintain it.
The document is an owner's manual that provides information about operating a vehicle. It includes sections on instrumentation and controls, starting and driving the vehicle, roadside emergencies, maintenance, specifications, customer assistance, and an index. The introduction section displays various warning icons found throughout the manual and their meanings. It also contains brief descriptions of features and operating instructions for many vehicle controls and displays.
The document provides instructions and descriptions for various controls, features, and instrumentation in a vehicle. It includes summaries of warning lights and gauges, descriptions of controls like climate control and audio systems. It also provides guidance on starting and driving the vehicle, as well as maintenance and care.
This document is an owner's manual that provides information about operating and maintaining a vehicle. It includes sections about instrumentation, controls, starting and driving the vehicle, roadside emergencies, maintenance, specifications and safety defects. The introduction section outlines the manual's contents and includes warnings about properly operating the vehicle. It also defines several icons used in the manual.
This document is an owner's manual that provides information about various vehicle systems, components, and operating instructions. It includes sections on instrumentation, controls and features, starting the vehicle, driving, roadside emergencies, maintenance, specifications, safety defects reporting, and an index. The introduction section contains warnings, icons definitions, and safety and emissions information.
The document provides instructions and descriptions for many of the controls, features, gauges and indicators found in a vehicle's instrumentation panel. It explains what each gauge and light represents, such as the fuel gauge, speedometer and various warning lights. It also describes the electronic message center's functions for displaying vehicle information and statuses.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation and controls for a vehicle. It describes the various gauges, lights, and switches located on the instrument panel and steering column. This includes descriptions of the speedometer, fuel gauge, turn signals, headlight switch, and more. It also provides information on the function and operation of driver assistance systems like the anti-lock braking system. The document aims to help the driver understand all of the vehicle's instrumentation and controls.
The document provides an overview of vehicle controls and instrumentation for a Ford vehicle. It describes features such as the headlamp control, climate control system, instrument panel gauges, and warning lights. It also provides warnings about proper vehicle operation and maintenance.
This document is the owner's manual for a Ford vehicle. It contains sections on instrumentation, controls, seating and safety, starting and driving, maintenance, capacities and specifications, customer assistance, and safety defect reporting. The instrumentation section describes warning lights and gauges like the check engine light, airbag light, and tachometer. It also covers controls like the headlamp switch and gearshift. The seating and safety section addresses seatbelts, airbags, and child safety locks. Starting and driving covers how to start the vehicle, drive, and handle roadside emergencies. Maintenance outlines the vehicle's service schedule and capacities.
This document provides an overview of the instrumentation, controls, and features of a vehicle. It includes descriptions and diagrams of the instrument cluster, headlamp controls, climate controls, and warning lights. Safety information is also provided about the airbags, safety belts, and child safety seats. The document is intended to help owners understand and operate the various systems in their vehicle.
This document provides an overview and instructions for many of the features in a vehicle, including:
- Instrument cluster with descriptions of warning lights and gauges
- Entertainment and climate control systems
- Lighting, mirror, and window controls
- Safety and security features like locks, seats, and airbags
- Driving instructions and information about brakes, transmission, loading, and towing
- What to do in roadside emergencies and how to change a tire
- Customer assistance programs and maintenance requirements
The document aims to help owners understand and safely operate their new vehicle.
The document provides an overview of vehicle instrumentation, controls, and features for a Ford vehicle. It includes descriptions of warning lights, gauges, controls, and safety icons. It also provides instructions for vehicle starting and driving, maintenance and care, capacities and specifications, and customer assistance. The document is intended to help owners understand how to operate the vehicle safely and maintain it.
This document provides an overview of the instrumentation, controls, features, and systems of a vehicle. It includes descriptions of the instrument cluster, warning lights, audio system, climate controls, and other buttons and switches located in the vehicle cabin. It also outlines safety information and specifications. The document is intended to help owners understand how to operate the vehicle.
The document is an owner's manual that provides information about operating a vehicle. It includes sections about instrumentation and controls, starting and driving the vehicle, roadside emergencies, maintenance, specifications, customer assistance, and safety defects. The introduction section describes the purpose of the guide and some icons used throughout. It also contains warnings about breaking in the vehicle and the contents of the guide.
The document describes the instrumentation and controls of a vehicle. It includes diagrams and explanations of the instrument cluster, warning lights, gauges, controls, and features. Safety information and operating instructions are provided for many vehicle systems.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation, controls, and features for a vehicle. It includes descriptions and pictures to explain the purpose and function of various dashboard controls, indicators, and warning lights. Safety information is also provided to explain important alerts and how to respond. The document is an owner's manual intended to help operators understand and properly use all aspects of their vehicle.
The document provides an overview of instrumentation and gauges for a vehicle. It describes in detail the various dashboard lights, gauges, and controls including what they indicate and their functions. Warnings are provided for certain light indications that require immediate attention. Measurements can be switched between metric and English units on the optional instrument cluster.
The document is an owner's manual that provides information about operating a vehicle. It covers various topics in sections including introduction, instrumentation, controls and features, seating and safety restraints, starting and driving, roadside emergencies, servicing, maintenance and care, capacities and specifications, and reporting safety defects. The manual contains information about operating different vehicle controls and displays, warning lights and messages, and basic vehicle care.
This document provides an overview of the various systems and components in a vehicle. It includes sections on instrument clusters, entertainment systems, climate controls, lights, driver controls, locks and security, seating and safety restraints, driving, roadside emergencies, customer assistance, maintenance and specifications. Warnings are provided about engine exhaust, safety defects, airbags, and breaking in the vehicle.
This document provides an overview of the instrumentation and controls of a vehicle. It describes the various gauges, lights, controls, and features located on the instrument cluster and steering wheel. Warning lights and gauges for speed, fuel level, engine temperature, oil pressure, and other vehicle functions are explained. Controls for headlights, turn signals, climate systems and audio are also outlined. The document provides information to help the driver understand and safely operate the vehicle.
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The report *State of D2C in India: A Logistics Update* talks about the evolving dynamics of the d2C landscape with a particular focus on how brands navigate the complexities of logistics. Third Party Logistics enablers emerge indispensable partners in facilitating the growth journey of D2C brands, offering cost-effective solutions tailored to their specific needs. As D2C brands continue to expand, they encounter heightened operational complexities with logistics standing out as a significant challenge. Logistics not only represents a substantial cost component for the brands but also directly influences the customer experience. Establishing efficient logistics operations while keeping costs low is therefore a crucial objective for brands. The report highlights how 3PLs are meeting the rising demands of D2C brands, supporting their expansion both online and offline, and paving the way for sustainable, scalable growth in this fast-paced market.
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Module 09 2004
1. Driver Responsibilities: Vehicle FunctionsDriver Responsibilities: Vehicle Functions
Topic 1 --Topic 1 -- Vehicle Functions/MalfunctionsVehicle Functions/Malfunctions
Topic 2 --Topic 2 -- Anti-Lock Braking SystemsAnti-Lock Braking Systems
Topic 3 --Topic 3 -- Vehicle PerformanceVehicle Performance
Topic 4 --Topic 4 -- Highway Transportation System AgenciesHighway Transportation System Agencies
Module Nine TransparenciesModule Nine Transparencies
VirginiaVirginia Department of EducationDepartment of Education
Provided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor VehiclesProvided in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles
2. Dashboard Warning SymbolsDashboard Warning Symbols
T – 9.1
Topic 1 Lesson 1
TemperatureTemperature light or gaugelight or gauge
- warns you when the coolant in the engine is
too hot or too low
- when the temperature warning light comes
on or the gauge reads too hot, pull off the
road and get professional help
Caution: never attempt to remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. The
pressure and hot steam can cause severe upper torso and facial burns.
Oil PressureOil Pressure light or gaugelight or gauge
HOT
OIL
symbol
light
gauge
gaugelight
symbol
- warns you when the oil is not circulating at the
proper pressure or there is not enough oil
- when the oil warning light comes on it is
recommended that you stop at the nearest
service center and have the oil level checked
3. T – 9.1a
Dashboard Warning SymbolsDashboard Warning Symbols
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Alternator/GeneratorAlternator/Generator light or gaugeslight or gauges
ALT
light gauge
symbol
- The alternator is not generating enough
electricity to charge the battery.
- The engine must now use electricity
stored in the battery.
- Turn off as many electrical devices as
possible. (i.e., the radio, heater/AC, etc.)
When the “ALT” light comes on or the gauge
shows “discharge” while the engine is running,
the vehicle’s electrical system is in trouble.
Brake SystemBrake System lightlight
Caution: when the battery is drained
the engine may stall without warning.
This warning light serves two purposes:
(1) to indicate the parking brake is set; and
(2) to alert you that part or all of the braking
system is not working properly; or, in some
vehicles, the brake fluid is too low.
4. T – 9.2
Dashboard Warning SymbolsDashboard Warning Symbols
Topic 1 Lesson 1
ABSABS lightlight
Air BagAir Bag lightlight
With an anti-lock brake system, this light comes on
when you start the vehicle and may stay on for several
seconds before turning off. This is a normal function
for this warning system. If the light stays on, or comes
on when you are driving, it is warning you that there is
a problem in the ABS system and should be checked
by a qualified mechanic.
The light should flash for a few seconds and then go out
indicating the system is activated. If the air bag readiness
light stays on or comes on while you are driving, it is
warning you there is a problem. If the air bag system in
your vehicle is not working properly it can be extremely
dangerous. The air bags:
- may NOT inflate in the event of a crash; or
- may inflate while driving without being involved in a crash.
5. T – 9.2a
Dashboard Warning SymbolsDashboard Warning Symbols
Topic 1 Lesson 1
Service Engine SoonService Engine Soon lightlight
Door AjarDoor Ajar
lightlight
Low fuelLow fuel lightlight
symbol
gauge
LOW
FUEL
light
The fuel gauge shows the driver how much fuel is
in the vehicle's fuel tank. When the fuel level is
very low, the low fuel warning light will come on
and stay on until you add more fuel to the tank.
SERVICE
ENGINE
SOON
DOOR
OPEN
This warning light will illuminate when starting the engine
and then go out. If this light remains on, one or more of
the vehicle doors is not completely latched. If it comes on
while driving, someone has opened a door or the door
latch was not properly fastened. In either case, it is
dangerous and you should pull off the road as soon as
possible to secure the door.
The SERVICE ENGINE or CHECK ENGINE light should
flash for a few seconds when you start the engine and then
go out. If the light stays on it indicates there may be a
problem.
6. Vehicle FailuresVehicle Failures
Tire BlowoutTire Blowout
Accelerator FailureAccelerator Failure
Engine FailureEngine Failure
Steering FailureSteering Failure
Car Catches on FireCar Catches on Fire
T – 9.3
Topic 1 Lesson 2
7. Vehicle FailuresVehicle Failures ——
T – 9.3a
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Tire BlowoutTire Blowout
A Tire Blowout is a rapid deflation of air from
the tire. This sudden loss of air could occur by:
- hitting a sharp object that punctures the tire;
- having a defective tire; or
- having an under-inflated tire that loses its
seal to the rim while the tires are rotating.
If a front tire blows out, the vehicle will pull sharply
in the direction of the blowout.
If a rear tire blows out, the vehicle will wobble,
shake and pull slightly in the direction of the flat tire.
If a blowout occurs:
Grip the steering wheel firmly.
Take your foot off the accelerator.
DO NOT BRAKE. Braking may cause the vehicle to swerve.
Allow the vehicle to slow on its own, or brake gently.
Check traffic around you and turn on emergency flashers.
Drive to a protected location and pull off the roadway.
Have the tire replaced.
8. Vehicle Failures —Vehicle Failures — Accelerator FailureAccelerator Failure
T – 9.3b
Topic 1 Lesson 2
The accelerator will not return to idleThe accelerator will not return to idle when you release it, and thewhen you release it, and the
engine is racingengine is racing..
Shift to Neutral (engine may race but no harm done).
Search for an escape path.
Steer smoothly and brake gently.
Pull off the roadway and park.
Turn off the vehicle. Caution —Caution — DO NOTDO NOT turn the
ignition off while the vehicle is moving--this may
lock the steering wheel.
Have the pedal repaired at a service center before
driving again.
Accelerator failure is caused by either a broken spring or the pedal getting
stuck in the down position. In either case, you no longer have control over
the vehicle’s speed. Follow these steps:Follow these steps:
Accelerator PedalAccelerator Pedal STUCKSTUCK
in down positionin down position
9. Vehicle Failures —Vehicle Failures — Engine FailureEngine Failure
T – 9.3c
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Shift to Neutral.
Look for an escape path.
Slow down and try to restart.
If unsuccessful, pull off the roadway (apply more pressure on the
pedal).
Stop; Try to restart the engine.
If unsuccessful, raise the hood and turn on your emergency flashers.
Call for assistance.
Engine failure can happen with little warning
and for various reason (engine becomes
flooded, or overheats). Whatever the reason,
when the engine stalls the steering
mechanism will still work but will require
much more effort.
If your engine stalls,If your engine stalls, follow thesefollow these
steps:steps:
10. Vehicle Failures —Vehicle Failures — Steering FailureSteering Failure
T – 9.3d
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Total Steering FailureTotal Steering Failure
Occurs when the engine stops, if the power steering fluid level is too low in
the pump, and/or if the drive belt slips or breaks.
Communicate to others by using the horn
and emergency flashers.
StopStop as quickly as possible. DO NOT lockDO NOT lock
the brakes as the vehicle could swerve
sharply.
Shift to a lower gear.
Call for assistance.
NOTE: The vehicle can still be steered, but it will require
much more effort on the driver’s part to change direction.
Power Steering FailurePower Steering Failure
11. Vehicle Failures —Vehicle Failures — Brake FailureBrake Failure
T – 9.3e
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Total Brake FailureTotal Brake Failure —— Pump the brake pedal. This action may build up
enough brake pressure to stop. After three or four pumps you will know if
the brakes are going to hold. If this does not work:If this does not work:
Power Brake FailurePower Brake Failure —— is the loss of power when the booster unit
assisting the brakes no longer functions.
Apply the brakes--they may function normally for one more application of the
pedal.
Modulate pressure without releasing the brake.
You will have to press harder on the brake pedal to stop the vehicle.
.
• downshift to a lower gear. This uses the
braking power of the engine to slow the
vehicle. Look for an escape route.
• activate the hazard lights to warn others.
• apply the parking brake gradually. Hold the
release button. Release the parking brake if
the vehicle begins to skid, and reapply as
needed. Select a safe path of travel while
the vehicle slows down.
12. Vehicle Failures —Vehicle Failures — FireFire
T – 9.3f
Topic 1 Lesson 2
Car Catches FireCar Catches Fire
• Quickly steer the vehicle out of traffic and
away from buildings and people.
• Get everyone out of the vehicle and have
them move at least 100 feet away.
• If the engine is on fire, call the fire
department and leave the hood closed.
• If the passenger compartment is on fire,
smother it, use a fire extinguisher, or call
the fire department.
NEVER use water on an engine fire — water will NOT put out an oil or
fuel fire; in fact it may even aid in the fire spreading! Use an A-B-C-type
fire extinguisher.
13. Vehicle SystemsVehicle Systems
T – 9.4
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Steering and SuspensionSteering and Suspension
BrakeBrake ElectricalElectrical
FuelFuel
14. Vehicle SystemsVehicle Systems
T – 9.4a
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Steering and Suspension SystemsSteering and Suspension Systems
The Steering SystemThe Steering System —— controls the position of the front wheels and allows the
driver to change vehicle direction.
General Steering Wheel System Operation:General Steering Wheel System Operation:
• Avoid turning the steering wheel when the vehicle is
not moving; this causes wear on the steering system.
• Never force the steering to the limit of travel; you will
hear a screeching sound if you have gone too far. Back
off slightly and the wheels will still be fully turned.
Forcing the system to the limit of travel causes
unnecessary wear and early failure.
• Avoid deep potholes, curbs, and any other sudden
or hard impacts that may cause damage to the
steering components. Have the steering system aligned
at least once a year and after any serious impacts.
• Periodically inspect the power steering pump belt and
check the power steering fluid. (Consult the owner’s
manual for exact locations.)
The basic function of suspension and steering systems is to keep the vehicle stable, while
allowing the wheels to maintain contact with the road and move independently of the car.
15. Vehicle SystemsVehicle Systems
T – 9.4b
Topic 1 Lesson 3
The Suspension SystemThe Suspension System
The suspension system is engineered to keep the vehicle's
wheels in firm contact with the road and pointed in the direction
the driver is steering. Plus it helps provide a comfortable ride for
all vehicle occupants. The system includes a series of rods,
bars, springs, and other components. These components:
support the weight of the vehicle;
absorb the shocks caused by road
irregularities; and
provide flexibility while ensuring
vehicle stability.
16. Vehicle SystemsVehicle Systems
T – 9.4c
Topic 1 Lesson 3
Tires and Traction ControlTires and Traction Control
Tires perform two basicTires perform two basic
functions.functions.1.1. Absorb shocks caused by road hazards —Absorb shocks caused by road hazards — tirestires
are air-filled cushionsare air-filled cushions designed to reduce the effect
of road hazards and irregularities on the vehicle. Tires
are made to flex and give as they meet the road surface.
2.2. Provide Traction —Provide Traction — tires grip the road.tires grip the road. Traction enables drivers to accelerate,
brake, and steer their vehicles.
Tires are rated on the Uniform Tire Quality Grading System. Ratings are indicated on
the sidewall of the tire.
Treadwear rating — the higher the treadwear rating the greater the mileage.
A tire with a treadwear rating of 150 is expected to last 50 percent longer
than one graded at 100.
Traction — is measured by the ability to stop a car in straight-ahead motion on a wet surface
Tires which are graded A have the best traction performance, B grading is an
above average rating, and CC grading indicates the tire meets government standards.
Temperature — indicates the tire’s ability to withstand heat. Tires which are
graded AA are the most heat-resistant and less likely to suffer a blowout
under the same conditions as tires with grades of B or C.B or C.
17. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — Fuel SystemFuel System
T – 9.5
Topic 1 Lesson 4
The purpose of the fuel system is to provide a mixture of fuel and air to
the engine of the vehicle. The air-fuel mixture must be in proportion to
the speed and load placed on the engine.
fuel tank and cap
emission controls
fuel line
fuel pump
fuel filter
carburetor or fuel injectors (fuel injection system)
intake manifold
fuel gauge
Major parts of the system include:Major parts of the system include:
18. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — Electrical SystemElectrical System
T – 9.5a
Topic 1 Lesson 4
A vehicle requires an elaborate electrical system of circuits to produce,
store, and distribute all the electricity required for operation.
• Battery — energy is stored in chemical form and
is used to supply the electricity to start the
engine and run auxiliary devices such as
clocks, radios and alarms
• Starter Motor — starts the engine
• Alternator — recharge + power the electrical system
A device called the voltage regulator keeps the power level stabilized, and
the fuse box keeps minor problems from becoming major ones.
• Ignition Coil — increases the 12-
volt current to many thousands of
volts needed to start the engine
• Distributor — distributes electrical surges to the spark plugs
• Spark Plugs — produce spark to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the
engine combustion chambers
19. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — Brake SystemsBrake Systems
T – 9.6
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Brakes are actually energy conversion devices. When you step on the brakes,
they convert the kinetic energykinetic energy (momentum) of your vehicle into thermalthermal
energyenergy (heat). Thousands of pounds of pressure are applied on each of the
four brakes, permitting the driver to slow or stop the rotation of the tires. The
friction of the tires against the road surface will then slow and/or stop the
vehicle.
Vehicles are equipped with two braking systems:Vehicles are equipped with two braking systems:
1) A dual hydraulic brake system —A dual hydraulic brake system — the front two
wheels are controlled by one subsystem and the
rear two wheels by another subsystem.
2)2) Mechanical brake systemMechanical brake system (parking(parking
or emergency brake) —or emergency brake) — a lever
or foot pedal that mechanically
activates the rear brakes only.
20. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — Brake SystemsBrake Systems
T – 9.6a
Topic 1 Lesson 4
Components of Brake SystemComponents of Brake System
21. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System
Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)
T – 9.7
Topic 2 Lesson 1
ABS was developed to assist driver braking actions byABS was developed to assist driver braking actions by
preventing tires from sliding and to keep them rotatingpreventing tires from sliding and to keep them rotating
slowly to allow steering.slowly to allow steering.
22. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System
• When was the ABS technology available?When was the ABS technology available?
• On what vehicles was the first commercialOn what vehicles was the first commercial
application?application?
• When did ABS become available forWhen did ABS become available for
passenger vehicles?passenger vehicles?
• What road vehicles were first required toWhat road vehicles were first required to
install ABS?install ABS?
T – 9.8
Topic 2 Lesson 1
ABS DevelopmentABS Development
23. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System
Road SurfaceRoad Surface
Weather ConditionsWeather Conditions
Tire Tread and InflationTire Tread and Inflation
Braking TechniquesBraking Techniques
SpeedSpeed
Steering InputsSteering Inputs
T – 9.9
Topic 2 Lesson 1
Critical Tire Traction Depends On:Critical Tire Traction Depends On:
24. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System
Enhanced Braking Action
Reduced Stopping Distance
Increased Vehicle Stability
Enhanced Vehicle Steerability
T – 9.10
Topic 2 Lesson 1
ABS AdvantagesABS Advantages
Braking and Steering
BrakingBraking
ONLYONLY
In many emergencyIn many emergency
situations brakingsituations braking
alone may not preventalone may not prevent
a collision.a collision.
25. Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System
• Increase your followingIncrease your following
distance in bad weatherdistance in bad weather
• Practice using ABSPractice using ABS
• Keep your foot firmly on theKeep your foot firmly on the
brake even if it vibratesbrake even if it vibrates
• Check owner’s manual forCheck owner’s manual for
special concernsspecial concerns
T – 9.11
Topic 2 Lesson 1
With ABS…With ABS…
INCREASEINCREASE
26. • Drive More AggressivelyDrive More Aggressively
• Pump the BrakesPump the Brakes
Vehicle Systems —Vehicle Systems — ABS Brake SystemABS Brake System
T – 9.12
Topic 2 Lesson 1
With ABS, Do NotWith ABS, Do Not
• Steer Too MuchSteer Too Much
• Be Alarmed by ABS Noise or VibrationBe Alarmed by ABS Noise or Vibration
29. Bicyclist ResponsibilitiesBicyclist Responsibilities
Cyclist ResponsibilitiesCyclist Responsibilities
Ride on the right side of the laneRide on the right side of the lane
Signal slowing, stopping or turningSignal slowing, stopping or turning
Obey all traffic lawsObey all traffic laws
Yield to pedestriansYield to pedestrians
Wear HelmetWear Helmet
Use light at nightUse light at night
T – 9.15
Topic 3 Lesson 1
30. All Right-of-Way Rules ApplyAll Right-of-Way Rules Apply
Merge with Bicycle Traffic Flow Turning RightMerge with Bicycle Traffic Flow Turning Right
Beware of Oncoming Cyclist Turning atBeware of Oncoming Cyclist Turning at
IntersectionsIntersections
Use Extra Precaution When Interacting withUse Extra Precaution When Interacting with
Young CyclistsYoung Cyclists
Sharing Roadway with BicyclistsSharing Roadway with Bicyclists
T – 9.16
Topic 3 Lesson 1
31. Bicycle Safety IssuesBicycle Safety Issues
T – 9.17
Topic 3 Lesson 1
Traffic LawsTraffic Laws
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
Wet Weather Riding DangersWet Weather Riding Dangers
Common Motorist ErrorsCommon Motorist Errors
Basic Bicycle MaintenanceBasic Bicycle Maintenance
How to Maneuver on UnevenHow to Maneuver on Uneven
SurfacesSurfaces
Evasive Riding TechniquesEvasive Riding Techniques
Know or Use:
32. Sharing Roadway with TrucksSharing Roadway with Trucks
No Zone
Passing
Following
Wide Turns
Backing
Maneuverability
T – 9.18
Topic 3 Lesson 1
33. Sharing Roadway with MotorcyclistsSharing Roadway with Motorcyclists
T – 9.19
Topic 3 Lesson 1
Left Turns
Vehicle Blind Spot
Motorcyclists Riding in Groups
Hazardous Road Conditions
Adverse Weather Conditions
Strong Winds
Around Large Vehicles
Motorcycle-related conflicts are most likely to occur
in the following situations:
34. Sharing Roadway with MotorcyclistsSharing Roadway with Motorcyclists
T – 9.19a
Topic 3 Lesson 1
When driving near a motorcyclist:When driving near a motorcyclist:
Motorcycle AwarenessMotorcycle Awareness
Unlike four-wheel vehicles, motorcycles are small
two-wheeled vehicles that accelerate quickly and
are often not seen by drivers of larger vehicles.
• check the rear-view mirror often, and
• avoid making sudden stops.
• increase your following distance, and
• be aware of all the zones around the vehicle.
When being followed by aWhen being followed by a
motorcyclemotorcycle:
35. Contributors to Transportation SafetyContributors to Transportation Safety
Virginia General AssemblyVirginia General Assembly
House & Senate MembersHouse & Senate Members
• Virginia Department of Motor VehiclesVirginia Department of Motor Vehicles
• Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control BoardVirginia Alcohol Beverage Control Board
• Virginia State PoliceVirginia State Police
• Local Law Enforcement AgenciesLocal Law Enforcement Agencies
• Game and Inland FisheriesGame and Inland Fisheries
T – 9.20
Topic 4 Lesson 1
Virginia
VirginiaLaws
Laws
Governor’s OfficeGovernor’s Office
• Secretary of TransportationSecretary of Transportation
• Secretary of SafetySecretary of Safety
• Secretary of EducationSecretary of Education
Enforcement AgenciesEnforcement Agencies
36. Virginia Court SystemVirginia Court System
• State Supreme Court of VirginiaState Supreme Court of Virginia
• Court of Appeals of VirginiaCourt of Appeals of Virginia
• Circuit CourtsCircuit Courts
• General District CourtsGeneral District Courts
• Juvenile + Domestic Relations CourtsJuvenile + Domestic Relations Courts
Contributors to Transportation SafetyContributors to Transportation Safety
Topic 4 Lesson 1
T – 9.21
Traffic Engineering and MaintenanceTraffic Engineering and Maintenance
• Virginia Department of TransportationVirginia Department of Transportation
• Local Roadway MaintenanceLocal Roadway Maintenance
EducationEducation
• Department of EducationDepartment of Education
• Public, Private, & Commercial SchoolsPublic, Private, & Commercial Schools