This document discusses various technologies for improving vehicle safety. It outlines technologies for active safety that help prevent accidents, such as collision warning systems, visible enhancement technologies, adaptive cruise control, anti-lock braking systems, and lane assistance. It also discusses pre-collision systems that help mitigate damage during accidents, such as collision mitigation braking. Passive safety technologies aimed at reducing injury during accidents are also outlined, including crumple zones, airbags, and head restraints. Evaluation methods for testing these technologies include crash tests using dummies to assess injury risk and pedestrian protection performance tests.

1. Technologies for Satety
Improvement
Putika Ashfar Khoiri
putika@civil.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
Student id : 28J16118

2. Outline : Implementation timing
Before accident Immediately before accident During accident After accident
Collision prevention Damage reduction Collision Rescue
Active Safety
1. Collision Safety Performance
Tests
2. Visible Enhancement
Technology
3. Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
4. Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
5. Lane-keeping Assistance (LKA)
System
Pre-collision safety
1. Collision Mitigation
Brake System (CMBS)
Passive Safety
1. Collision damage
mitigation
2. Pedestrian injury
mitigation
Car and motorcycle assessment
tests the vehicle performance in
development of safer vehicles
NASVA (National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims'
Aid )is an agency specializing in "automobile accident
measures“ in Japan

3. Outline : Implementation timing
Commercial Vehichles (trucks, aircraft, railway, marine)

4. Active Safety : Collision Safety Performance Tests
Full-wrap frontal collision test
Offset frontal collision test
Side collision test
Neck injury protection for rear-end collision
performance test
The dummies are checked for injuries to the head, neck, chest and legs, the vehicle is checked for
damage and deformation
Dummies are placed in both the driver's and front
passenger's seats and the vehicle is made to collide
with a concrete barrier at a rate of 55 km/h.
collide head-on on the driver's side (at an offset of 40%)
with an aluminium honeycomb at a rate of 64km/h
a trolley made to collide at a speed of
55 km/h with the side of a stationary
test vehicle
rear-end collision shocks are
given to dummies placed in the
driver's or front passenger's
seats using testing sled which
can reproduce rear-end
collision.

5. Active Safety : Collision Safety Performance Tests
Evaluation Method
Full-wrap frontal collision test (example)
0 point = there is a little risk of causing serious injury to
the head, neck, chest or legs
12 point = there is significant risk of causing serious injury
Source : Car Safety Performance Guidebook (JNCAP)

6. Active Safety : Object detection
Night Vision Enhancement
System (NVES)
This is done by converting
images from an infrared (IR)
camera and showing them on a
monochrome display
somewhere in the car.
Visible Enhancement Technology
Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) Systems
The radar observes ahead, and while
maintaining the speed set by the driver,
maintains an appropriate distance from a
slower vehicle ahead.

7. Active Safety : Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
It maintains stability in the direction in which
the vehicle is advancing and enhances the
possibility of avoiding an obstacle through
wheel operation by preventing the tires from
locking (ceasing to rotate)
Braking Performance Tests
Determined by the shortness of the distance in
which a vehicle can stop and the stability of
the vehicle at the time of braking.

8. Active Safety : Lane-keeping Assistance (LKA) System
A camera recognizes the traffic lanes
ahead and supports to reduce necessary
steering wheel handling by maintaining a
straight line when driving out a lane on a
highway.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3mV0iSMQzY
video

9. Pre-collision Safety : Collision Mitigation Brake System (CMBS)
• Warnings are issued in a crash risk situation.
In addition, if the driver's braking response
is lagging, automatic braking is activated.
• Fatalities in rear-end collision can be
reduced if damages mitigation brake are
installed into heavy duty vehicles so as to
lower the crash speed by an average 20
km/h
Honda's Collision Mitigation Braking System (CMBS) is designed to alert the
driver when a collision is imminent and also to reduce the impact of a collision.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJcy5ySOrM4

10. Passive Safety : Collision Damage Mitigation
Crash-Compatible Zone Body
Nissan March (2002)
The protection system combines impact-
absorbing structures (crushable zones)
with a high-strength cabin (occupant zone)
Crushable zone
Occupant zone

11. Passive Safety : Collision Damage Mitigation
Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) Airbag
Nissan provide side airbags for chest
protection of front seat occupants and SRS
curtain airbags for head protection of front-
and rear-seat passengers in case of side
impact.
Front-seat Active Head Restraints
This is designed to help minimize stress
on the neck and thereby help mitigate
the risk of whiplash and related injuries
Seatbelts

12. Passive Safety : Collision Damage Mitigation
Evaluation Method

13. Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
1. Protection of children and the elderly as pedestrians
2. Protection of the elderly as drivers
3. Mitigation of injuries to the elderly
Fatalities by road user
Vehicle Occupant Fatalities
by Injured Body Part

14. Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
Pedestrian head
protection
performance tests
Pedestrian leg
protection
performance test

15. Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
Pedestrian head protection performance tests
Evaluation Method
Head injury criterion (HIC).
Evaluate areas of the cars ->Wrap Around Distance (WAD)

16. Passive Safety : Protection for Pedestrians and the Elderly
Pedestrian leg protection performance tests
Evaluation Method

17. Assessment tests on vehicle safety