Crash tests are conducted to evaluate vehicle safety and reduce injuries. Standard tests include frontal impacts at 35 mph into a barrier, side impacts from a moving barrier at 31 mph, and offset frontal crashes where only one side hits a barrier at 40 mph. Advanced crash test facilities use dummies equipped with sensors, barriers, and high speed cameras to analyze crash forces and the likelihood of injury. Vehicle structures are designed to manage crash energy through elements like crumple zones that absorb the force of impacts. Star ratings indicate a vehicle's expected level of occupant protection based on test results.
This document summarizes a class seminar on car crash testing. It discusses how crash tests are conducted by driving vehicles into barriers at high speeds and using crash test dummies equipped with sensors. The standard types of crash tests are frontal, side impact, and offset tests. Safety systems like seatbelts and airbags help absorb the kinetic energy during impacts. Crash test ratings provide probabilities of injury based on test outcomes. While crash testing has improved safety, the document notes that mandatory crash testing and safety standards are still lacking in India.
The document summarizes side impact crash test simulations conducted on a 1993 Ford Taurus finite element model according to FMVSS 214, NCAP, and IIHS testing protocols. The simulations showed injury metrics like TTI(d) and pelvis acceleration within acceptable limits for FMVSS 214. Velocity curves for the NCAP test matched well with actual data. B-pillar deformation for the IIHS test was acceptable. Overall, the simulations produced results comparable to real crash tests.
This document discusses various safety features of automobiles, including airbags, anti-lock braking systems, and electronic stability control. It notes that the automobile industry spends $36 billion annually on new safety technologies. Airbags are described as cushions that inflate quickly during a collision to prevent head and chest injuries. Different types of airbags like driver, passenger, and curtain airbags are mentioned. The document also provides information on how anti-lock braking systems and electronic stability control work to help drivers maintain control of their vehicles during braking or slippery conditions. Effectiveness data is presented showing improvements in safety provided by these systems.
The document discusses vehicle body engineering design considerations and construction. It covers the morphology of vehicle body structural design, including the emancipation of body designers requiring a range of skills. It also discusses early construction methods evolving from horse-drawn carriages to modern unitary construction. Design considerations include task assignment, general layout, artistic design, dummies and models, and material requirements.
Optimization for Frontal Impact under section FMVSS-208 and IIHS criteria in which analysis carried on Fixed barrier with 100%, 40% collision and small offset rigid barrier with 25% collision. Done simulation to see how well a passenger vehicle would protect its occupants in the event of a serious real-world frontal crash.
This document discusses various automobile safety systems. It begins by introducing automobile safety and some early studies on improving vehicle safety through seat belts and padded dashboards. It then describes several key active and passive safety systems used in modern vehicles, including airbags, seat belts, anti-lock braking systems, collision warning systems, blind spot detectors, electronic stability control, and cruise control. For each system, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose and functioning to enhance road safety and prevent injuries during accidents.
Crash tests are conducted to evaluate vehicle safety and reduce injuries. Standard tests include frontal impacts at 35 mph into a barrier, side impacts from a moving barrier at 31 mph, and offset frontal crashes where only one side hits a barrier at 40 mph. Advanced crash test facilities use dummies equipped with sensors, barriers, and high speed cameras to analyze crash forces and the likelihood of injury. Vehicle structures are designed to manage crash energy through elements like crumple zones that absorb the force of impacts. Star ratings indicate a vehicle's expected level of occupant protection based on test results.
This document summarizes a class seminar on car crash testing. It discusses how crash tests are conducted by driving vehicles into barriers at high speeds and using crash test dummies equipped with sensors. The standard types of crash tests are frontal, side impact, and offset tests. Safety systems like seatbelts and airbags help absorb the kinetic energy during impacts. Crash test ratings provide probabilities of injury based on test outcomes. While crash testing has improved safety, the document notes that mandatory crash testing and safety standards are still lacking in India.
The document summarizes side impact crash test simulations conducted on a 1993 Ford Taurus finite element model according to FMVSS 214, NCAP, and IIHS testing protocols. The simulations showed injury metrics like TTI(d) and pelvis acceleration within acceptable limits for FMVSS 214. Velocity curves for the NCAP test matched well with actual data. B-pillar deformation for the IIHS test was acceptable. Overall, the simulations produced results comparable to real crash tests.
This document discusses various safety features of automobiles, including airbags, anti-lock braking systems, and electronic stability control. It notes that the automobile industry spends $36 billion annually on new safety technologies. Airbags are described as cushions that inflate quickly during a collision to prevent head and chest injuries. Different types of airbags like driver, passenger, and curtain airbags are mentioned. The document also provides information on how anti-lock braking systems and electronic stability control work to help drivers maintain control of their vehicles during braking or slippery conditions. Effectiveness data is presented showing improvements in safety provided by these systems.
The document discusses vehicle body engineering design considerations and construction. It covers the morphology of vehicle body structural design, including the emancipation of body designers requiring a range of skills. It also discusses early construction methods evolving from horse-drawn carriages to modern unitary construction. Design considerations include task assignment, general layout, artistic design, dummies and models, and material requirements.
Optimization for Frontal Impact under section FMVSS-208 and IIHS criteria in which analysis carried on Fixed barrier with 100%, 40% collision and small offset rigid barrier with 25% collision. Done simulation to see how well a passenger vehicle would protect its occupants in the event of a serious real-world frontal crash.
This document discusses various automobile safety systems. It begins by introducing automobile safety and some early studies on improving vehicle safety through seat belts and padded dashboards. It then describes several key active and passive safety systems used in modern vehicles, including airbags, seat belts, anti-lock braking systems, collision warning systems, blind spot detectors, electronic stability control, and cruise control. For each system, it provides a brief explanation of its purpose and functioning to enhance road safety and prevent injuries during accidents.
The file contains a seminar on Automotive Aerodynamics. It is must that you study details of aerodynamics before reading this as I didn't wrote so much about the Aerodynamics because I explained the topic orally
1) Group analyzed crashworthiness of a 1500 pickup truck through FE simulations of frontal impacts at 30 mph and 35 mph and an oblique 30 mph side impact.
2) Key results included barrier forces, displacements, velocities and accelerations which showed increased impact at higher velocity. Pole impact introduced most stress due to concentration.
3) Analysis provided understanding of FMVSS 208, NCAP tests and how vehicle and components absorb crash energy. Recommendations to improve model and validation were provided.
Car crashes are caused by human error, faulty equipment, weather, and other factors. To test vehicle safety, experiments are conducted including frontal impact, side impact, and rollover tests. Vehicles are given star ratings based on factors like structural integrity and injury measures. Safety features include active systems like ABS and DSC that help prevent crashes, and passive systems like airbags and seatbelts that mitigate injury during a crash. Proper use of all vehicle safety systems and features can help reduce accident risks and injuries.
Vehicle Body Engineering Car Body ConstructionRajat Seth
The document discusses the construction of car bodies, describing various sub-assemblies that make up the body shell. These include the underbody assembly, body side assembly, shroud and dash panel assembly, roof and back window panels, center pillar, rear bulkhead, front end work, front wings, door panel assembly, bonnet assembly and more. Each sub-assembly is constructed separately then welded together to form the complete car body shell structure.
Roof Crush Analysis For occupant safety and ProtectionPratik Saxena
Optimization for Roof Crush Analysis under section FMVSS-216. Performed this test on the passenger’s side using Hypermesh and LS-Dyna placed the dummy (Hybrid III 50th percentile), seat, seat belt and side airbag on passenger’s side to perform the analysis. Performed optimization to reduce the chances of injury.
Google announced its first fully functional driverless car ready for testing on public roads, marking a breakthrough in automotive technology. Automakers are also developing automated manual transmissions, vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies, and advanced driver assistance systems using sensors and automatic braking to increase safety and prevent collisions. Meanwhile, new infotainment systems are allowing smartphone-like interfaces in vehicles, and materials like aluminum are making cars lighter and more fuel efficient.
This document provides an overview of vehicle body engineering, including:
1. It defines key terms related to vehicle body design such as chassis, body, suspension system, and power train.
2. It describes the basic requirements for automobile body design including strength, stiffness, providing adequate space, minimizing air drag, and protecting occupants from weather, corrosion, and accidents.
3. It discusses important considerations for vehicle body design like visibility, terminology, and methods to improve space requirements. Diagrams are included to illustrate factors that influence visibility and space.
Vehicle Body Engineering Body & Safety ConsiderationsRajat Seth
The document discusses vehicle body engineering and safety considerations. It outlines that vehicle design should maximize safety for drivers, passengers, and others on the road. Safety features can be grouped as the vehicle body structure, additional safety systems, and general recommendations. The body structure section discusses door systems, windows, bumpers, seats, mirrors, and ventilation. Additional systems include ABS, seatbelts, airbags, flashers/horns, and child safety precautions. General recommendations promote secure items, seats/belts, clear controls, first aid kits, and sober driving.
The document discusses automobile chassis frames. It defines a frame as the undercarriage or structure that supports the engine, cab, and body of a vehicle. There are three main types of frames: conventional frames with side members and cross members, integral frames where all components attach directly to the body, and semi-integral frames that have a partial front frame. The document outlines the functions of frames, provides examples of frame designs, and describes the materials, design considerations, and manufacturing processes involved in building frames, including cutting, bending, welding, and inspection stages. It concludes with details from a field visit to an automotive manufacturing plant.
The document discusses different types of automobile chassis structures. It describes ladder frames, which resemble two longitudinal rails linked by cross-members and provide rigidity but lower torsional strength compared to other designs. Tubular space frames use welded circular and square tubes arranged in three dimensions for strength from any direction but are more complex. Monocoque designs form a single welded structure that is efficient for mass production but heavier. Newer designs use aluminum, carbon fiber, and sandwich composites to achieve strength and lightweight rigidity.
This document discusses vehicle dynamics and tools used to assess vehicle dynamics. It begins with an introduction defining vehicle dynamics as the study of how a vehicle reacts to driver inputs based on classical mechanics. It then outlines several key aspects of vehicle dynamics including body flex, roll, bump steer, stability, and understeer/oversteer. The document also discusses engine power output metrics like indicated power and brake power. It concludes by examining automotive resistances like rolling resistance, frictional resistance, gradient resistance, and air resistance that reduce the propulsive power of a vehicle.
This document outlines various safety standards for vehicles from different organizations. It includes standards for frontal impact, bumpers, side impact protection, rear impact, headrests, seats, pedestrian protection, steering columns, roof crush resistance, and rollover protection. The standards are from the FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) in the US, ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) regulations, and AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) assessments.
This document discusses and defines different car body styles including 4x4, city car, coupe, estate, hatchback, MPV, saloon, and sports car. It provides details on each style such as 4x4 having all-wheel drive for rough terrain, city cars being compact for urban use, coupes having two doors and two or four seats, estates having additional cargo space, and hatchbacks having rear doors that open upward. MPVs are designed for multiple purposes like passenger and cargo transport, saloons have separate bonnets and boots, and sports cars prioritize handling and speed over comfort.
The document discusses various active and passive safety features in modern cars that aim to prevent accidents and minimize injury. It describes technologies like radar, lasers, and infrared cameras used for collision avoidance systems. It also details features that protect occupants during crashes such as seatbelts, airbags, crumple zones, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control, and child safety seats. The document provides information on how these systems work and their effectiveness in reducing accident severity.
automobile workshop ppt Traning report by c rang rajan and sudhir kumarchakrawarti rang rajan
The document provides an overview of the key components and systems of an automobile. It begins with an introduction to Karlo Automobiles, an Indian vehicle repair workshop. It then defines an automobile and describes its main parts like the engine, transmission system including the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, differential, wheels, axle and chassis. The document further explains the body, suspension system, cooling system, steering system, braking system and lighting system of a car. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the different components. The presentation aims to provide trainees an understanding of the various parts that make up a motor vehicle.
This document discusses aerodynamics in cars. It begins by defining aerodynamics and classifying different types. It then discusses how aerodynamics affects forces on a car like lift, drag, downforce, and thrust. The document traces the evolution of aerodynamic design in cars from the early 20th century to the 1970s when fuel efficiency became important. It describes methods to evaluate aerodynamics like wind tunnels and simulation software. The document highlights various aerodynamic devices used in cars like wings, spoilers, ducts and diffusers and how they impact speed, downforce, and fuel efficiency.
Safety features in vehicles such as ABS, crumple zones, seatbelts, airbags, side impact bars, strengthened windscreens, padded dashboards, and headrests are designed to prevent injuries during car crashes. ABS allows wheels to interact with the road surface during braking to prevent skidding. Crumple zones and seatbelts absorb crash forces to divert them away from passengers. Airbags cushion impacts, while side impact bars, strengthened windscreens, padded dashboards, and headrests protect specific body parts from damage. These safety features are intended to reduce crash forces and prevent injuries.
It is obvious that vehicle weight has a linear relationship
with the energy to be dissipated (stored) and the change
in velocity required has a exponential relationship.
• Deceleration times and stopping distances vary
somewhat for all vehicles on a given road surface.
• It should then be obvious that sizing the brake system
components has critical importance with respect to the
potential vehicle velocity and the mass of the vehicle.
• Note that heavy trucks generally have greater stopping
distances as compared to typical passenger cars.
For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars.
Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air Bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong.
Vehicle homologation is the process of approving a vehicle's components and systems to ensure safety, quality, and environmental standards before sale. In India, all vehicle components like lamps, mirrors, tires, and engines are tested. Then the fitting of components and various vehicle systems like braking and emissions are tested. Finally, a whole vehicle test is conducted to approve the vehicle for sale. The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) plays a key role in testing electric vehicles, batteries, motors, and chargers according to various AIS standards to ensure safety and performance. Standards are important for EVs to ensure safety as their use increases and provide quality and access to markets.
Crash tests are performed to ensure vehicle safety standards. There are several types of collision tests including frontal impact tests where the vehicle impacts a wall, moderate and small overlap tests where only part of the vehicle impacts an object, and side impact tests. Noise, vibration, and harshness tests evaluate vehicle noise and vibration both objectively and subjectively. Rollover tests examine vehicle stability in the event of a rollover crash. Wind tunnel tests study vehicle aerodynamics and were initially developed for aircraft but are now widely used for automotive research using both models and full-scale vehicles.
The file contains a seminar on Automotive Aerodynamics. It is must that you study details of aerodynamics before reading this as I didn't wrote so much about the Aerodynamics because I explained the topic orally
1) Group analyzed crashworthiness of a 1500 pickup truck through FE simulations of frontal impacts at 30 mph and 35 mph and an oblique 30 mph side impact.
2) Key results included barrier forces, displacements, velocities and accelerations which showed increased impact at higher velocity. Pole impact introduced most stress due to concentration.
3) Analysis provided understanding of FMVSS 208, NCAP tests and how vehicle and components absorb crash energy. Recommendations to improve model and validation were provided.
Car crashes are caused by human error, faulty equipment, weather, and other factors. To test vehicle safety, experiments are conducted including frontal impact, side impact, and rollover tests. Vehicles are given star ratings based on factors like structural integrity and injury measures. Safety features include active systems like ABS and DSC that help prevent crashes, and passive systems like airbags and seatbelts that mitigate injury during a crash. Proper use of all vehicle safety systems and features can help reduce accident risks and injuries.
Vehicle Body Engineering Car Body ConstructionRajat Seth
The document discusses the construction of car bodies, describing various sub-assemblies that make up the body shell. These include the underbody assembly, body side assembly, shroud and dash panel assembly, roof and back window panels, center pillar, rear bulkhead, front end work, front wings, door panel assembly, bonnet assembly and more. Each sub-assembly is constructed separately then welded together to form the complete car body shell structure.
Roof Crush Analysis For occupant safety and ProtectionPratik Saxena
Optimization for Roof Crush Analysis under section FMVSS-216. Performed this test on the passenger’s side using Hypermesh and LS-Dyna placed the dummy (Hybrid III 50th percentile), seat, seat belt and side airbag on passenger’s side to perform the analysis. Performed optimization to reduce the chances of injury.
Google announced its first fully functional driverless car ready for testing on public roads, marking a breakthrough in automotive technology. Automakers are also developing automated manual transmissions, vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies, and advanced driver assistance systems using sensors and automatic braking to increase safety and prevent collisions. Meanwhile, new infotainment systems are allowing smartphone-like interfaces in vehicles, and materials like aluminum are making cars lighter and more fuel efficient.
This document provides an overview of vehicle body engineering, including:
1. It defines key terms related to vehicle body design such as chassis, body, suspension system, and power train.
2. It describes the basic requirements for automobile body design including strength, stiffness, providing adequate space, minimizing air drag, and protecting occupants from weather, corrosion, and accidents.
3. It discusses important considerations for vehicle body design like visibility, terminology, and methods to improve space requirements. Diagrams are included to illustrate factors that influence visibility and space.
Vehicle Body Engineering Body & Safety ConsiderationsRajat Seth
The document discusses vehicle body engineering and safety considerations. It outlines that vehicle design should maximize safety for drivers, passengers, and others on the road. Safety features can be grouped as the vehicle body structure, additional safety systems, and general recommendations. The body structure section discusses door systems, windows, bumpers, seats, mirrors, and ventilation. Additional systems include ABS, seatbelts, airbags, flashers/horns, and child safety precautions. General recommendations promote secure items, seats/belts, clear controls, first aid kits, and sober driving.
The document discusses automobile chassis frames. It defines a frame as the undercarriage or structure that supports the engine, cab, and body of a vehicle. There are three main types of frames: conventional frames with side members and cross members, integral frames where all components attach directly to the body, and semi-integral frames that have a partial front frame. The document outlines the functions of frames, provides examples of frame designs, and describes the materials, design considerations, and manufacturing processes involved in building frames, including cutting, bending, welding, and inspection stages. It concludes with details from a field visit to an automotive manufacturing plant.
The document discusses different types of automobile chassis structures. It describes ladder frames, which resemble two longitudinal rails linked by cross-members and provide rigidity but lower torsional strength compared to other designs. Tubular space frames use welded circular and square tubes arranged in three dimensions for strength from any direction but are more complex. Monocoque designs form a single welded structure that is efficient for mass production but heavier. Newer designs use aluminum, carbon fiber, and sandwich composites to achieve strength and lightweight rigidity.
This document discusses vehicle dynamics and tools used to assess vehicle dynamics. It begins with an introduction defining vehicle dynamics as the study of how a vehicle reacts to driver inputs based on classical mechanics. It then outlines several key aspects of vehicle dynamics including body flex, roll, bump steer, stability, and understeer/oversteer. The document also discusses engine power output metrics like indicated power and brake power. It concludes by examining automotive resistances like rolling resistance, frictional resistance, gradient resistance, and air resistance that reduce the propulsive power of a vehicle.
This document outlines various safety standards for vehicles from different organizations. It includes standards for frontal impact, bumpers, side impact protection, rear impact, headrests, seats, pedestrian protection, steering columns, roof crush resistance, and rollover protection. The standards are from the FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) in the US, ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) regulations, and AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) assessments.
This document discusses and defines different car body styles including 4x4, city car, coupe, estate, hatchback, MPV, saloon, and sports car. It provides details on each style such as 4x4 having all-wheel drive for rough terrain, city cars being compact for urban use, coupes having two doors and two or four seats, estates having additional cargo space, and hatchbacks having rear doors that open upward. MPVs are designed for multiple purposes like passenger and cargo transport, saloons have separate bonnets and boots, and sports cars prioritize handling and speed over comfort.
The document discusses various active and passive safety features in modern cars that aim to prevent accidents and minimize injury. It describes technologies like radar, lasers, and infrared cameras used for collision avoidance systems. It also details features that protect occupants during crashes such as seatbelts, airbags, crumple zones, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control, and child safety seats. The document provides information on how these systems work and their effectiveness in reducing accident severity.
automobile workshop ppt Traning report by c rang rajan and sudhir kumarchakrawarti rang rajan
The document provides an overview of the key components and systems of an automobile. It begins with an introduction to Karlo Automobiles, an Indian vehicle repair workshop. It then defines an automobile and describes its main parts like the engine, transmission system including the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, differential, wheels, axle and chassis. The document further explains the body, suspension system, cooling system, steering system, braking system and lighting system of a car. Diagrams and pictures are included to illustrate the different components. The presentation aims to provide trainees an understanding of the various parts that make up a motor vehicle.
This document discusses aerodynamics in cars. It begins by defining aerodynamics and classifying different types. It then discusses how aerodynamics affects forces on a car like lift, drag, downforce, and thrust. The document traces the evolution of aerodynamic design in cars from the early 20th century to the 1970s when fuel efficiency became important. It describes methods to evaluate aerodynamics like wind tunnels and simulation software. The document highlights various aerodynamic devices used in cars like wings, spoilers, ducts and diffusers and how they impact speed, downforce, and fuel efficiency.
Safety features in vehicles such as ABS, crumple zones, seatbelts, airbags, side impact bars, strengthened windscreens, padded dashboards, and headrests are designed to prevent injuries during car crashes. ABS allows wheels to interact with the road surface during braking to prevent skidding. Crumple zones and seatbelts absorb crash forces to divert them away from passengers. Airbags cushion impacts, while side impact bars, strengthened windscreens, padded dashboards, and headrests protect specific body parts from damage. These safety features are intended to reduce crash forces and prevent injuries.
It is obvious that vehicle weight has a linear relationship
with the energy to be dissipated (stored) and the change
in velocity required has a exponential relationship.
• Deceleration times and stopping distances vary
somewhat for all vehicles on a given road surface.
• It should then be obvious that sizing the brake system
components has critical importance with respect to the
potential vehicle velocity and the mass of the vehicle.
• Note that heavy trucks generally have greater stopping
distances as compared to typical passenger cars.
For years, the trusty seat belt provided the sole form of passive restraint in our cars.
Statistics have shown that the use of seat belts has saved thousands of lives that might have been lost in collisions. Air Bags have been under development for many years. The attraction of a soft pillow to land against in a crash must be very strong.
Vehicle homologation is the process of approving a vehicle's components and systems to ensure safety, quality, and environmental standards before sale. In India, all vehicle components like lamps, mirrors, tires, and engines are tested. Then the fitting of components and various vehicle systems like braking and emissions are tested. Finally, a whole vehicle test is conducted to approve the vehicle for sale. The Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) plays a key role in testing electric vehicles, batteries, motors, and chargers according to various AIS standards to ensure safety and performance. Standards are important for EVs to ensure safety as their use increases and provide quality and access to markets.
Crash tests are performed to ensure vehicle safety standards. There are several types of collision tests including frontal impact tests where the vehicle impacts a wall, moderate and small overlap tests where only part of the vehicle impacts an object, and side impact tests. Noise, vibration, and harshness tests evaluate vehicle noise and vibration both objectively and subjectively. Rollover tests examine vehicle stability in the event of a rollover crash. Wind tunnel tests study vehicle aerodynamics and were initially developed for aircraft but are now widely used for automotive research using both models and full-scale vehicles.
The study evaluated the effectiveness of simulator-based training for novice drivers by comparing drivers who received simulator training to those who did not. In part A, questionnaires found that drivers with simulator training reported higher intentions for unsafe driving like speeding. In part B, 40 drivers were directly observed and had their driving objectively measured. Results found that drivers with simulator training performed better on measures of driving safety and had fewer dangerous driving events. The study provides support for including simulator training in driver education programs to promote safe driving among novices.
1. Vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death globally, killing over 1 million people per year. Safety standards and vehicle design improvements like seatbelts and airbags have significantly reduced road deaths and injuries over time.
2. The document discusses fundamentals of vehicle crash testing, including different types of crash tests conducted at a Vehicle Research Center to evaluate vehicle safety features. Crash tests include frontal, side, and offset impacts to evaluate occupant protection during collisions.
3. Crash test dummies are used to simulate humans in crash tests. Data collected from dummies helps researchers evaluate injury risks and improve vehicle design to better protect occupants. A variety of dummies are used representing adults and children.
1. The document summarizes a lab experiment conducted by Muhammad Jawhar Anwar to test different components of a car, including the brakes, suspension, and side slip.
2. Three main testing devices were used: a roller brake tester to evaluate the braking system, a suspension tester to analyze grip and efficiency, and a side slip tester to measure wheel alignment.
3. The results found one suspension was bad and the brakes were good. Further discussion defines the typical parts of a car's suspension system, like springs and shock absorbers, and brake system, such as the brake pedal, lines, pads, and drums.
This document discusses kinetics of blunt trauma, specifically related to vehicle crashes. It begins by defining concepts like inertia, conservation of energy, and kinetic versus potential energy. It then explains kinetics, force, and the differences between blunt and other types of injuries. The majority of the document discusses types of vehicle crashes, including details on frontal, lateral, rotational, rear-end, and rollover impacts. It explains how modern safety features like seatbelts, airbags, and crumple zones help reduce injury by absorbing and redirecting kinetic energy. The document concludes by emphasizing that serious injuries can still occur even in low-speed crashes and from secondary collisions within the vehicle.
The document provides information about BAJA SAE India, an intercollegiate engineering design competition. It discusses that the objective is to simulate real-world engineering projects and challenges. Teams must design, build, test, and compete with a vehicle within the competition rules. There are two vehicle categories: internal combustion and electric vehicles. The competition consists of three phases - preliminary, virtual, and physical dynamic events. It then provides overviews of the key vehicle systems and departments involved in BAJA vehicles, including frames and ergonomics, suspension and steering, powertrain, brakes, and statics. It discusses the components, design considerations, and analysis methods for each department.
This document describes a smart electric vehicle with new safety features. It introduces an overspeed accident control system that prevents accidents caused by high speeds. When the vehicle exceeds the normal speed, the headlights will dim at night to warn the driver, and the motors will turn off during the day. There are also features to detect alcohol consumption and send alerts by GSM if the vehicle is overspeed. The system aims to reduce accidents by preventing overspeed driving and drunk driving.
The document provides a history of the development of automobiles from early wheeled transport to modern vehicles. It discusses the earliest forms of transport from 3000 BC. The first steam-powered vehicle was built in 1769. Karl Benz developed the first true automobile powered by an internal combustion engine in 1885. The Ford Model T and Volkswagen Beetle were the best selling vehicles of the early 20th century. The document then outlines the manufacturing process for modern automobiles including design, engineering, production, and testing. Electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are discussed as alternatives to gasoline vehicles.
The document discusses various automobile safety systems such as ABS, collision warning systems, sturdy body cells, electronic stability control, blind spot detectors, survival cells, air bags, and seat belts. It provides details on how each system works, such as how ABS uses speed sensors and valves to allow wheels to maintain contact during braking. Safety is important for automakers and special departments work to improve safety. While safety systems help, following safe driving practices like wearing seat belts and avoiding speeding is also important for preventing accidents and injuries.
1. The presentation discussed transportation risk management, focusing on driver safety issues like fatigue, vehicle maintenance, and distractions.
2. It emphasized the importance of having strong policies and training programs to manage risks and prevent crashes. This includes driver screening, ongoing training, and compliance with regulations.
3. Post-crash response was also covered, stressing proper documentation and evidence collection to facilitate investigation and limit liability in the event of an incident. Overall the presentation aimed to help organizations effectively oversee transportation operations and driver safety.
The document presents a case study on a rolling barrier system designed to reduce road accidents. It discusses how road accidents are a major issue in India, causing many injuries and deaths each year. A new concept called the rolling barrier system was designed, which uses urethane barrels that absorb impact through rotational motion rather than stopping the vehicle abruptly. Test results showed it was able to redirect vehicles back onto the road safely. The system aims to provide a softer barrier that is less likely to cause harm compared to rigid barriers, while still preventing vehicles from leaving the road. Some limitations include higher costs than other barriers and needing maintenance due to heat effects on the urethane material.
This document discusses proton vehicle safety, covering both active and passive safety features. It explains that 60% of fatal accidents are due to frontal impacts. Tests show that seatbelts can reduce injuries, with airbags providing further protection. Computer simulations are used to model crash tests and inform vehicle development. The goal is to match occupant and vehicle velocities during impact for maximum protection.
This document discusses proton vehicle safety, covering both active and passive safety features. It explains that 60% of fatal accidents are due to frontal impacts while side impacts and rear impacts account for 25% and 15% respectively. The effect of restraint systems like seatbelts and airbags on reducing injuries during frontal collisions is demonstrated through graphs. Computer simulations and crash tests are used to analyze occupant behavior during collisions and improve vehicle design. The importance of safety standards and regulations for vehicles in Malaysia is also highlighted.
The document discusses factors that contribute to road accidents in India. It covers road-related factors like design, signs, and conditions. Vehicle factors like braking systems, lighting, and inspection are addressed. Driver characteristics such as age, skills, and impairment are examined. The collection and analysis of accident data is described, including the uses of data in engineering, enforcement, policy, education, and administration. Standard forms and factors are outlined for properly reporting accidents to gather comprehensive information that can be accurately analyzed.
AUTOMATIC SOLAR VERTICAL CAR PARKING SYSTEMMirza Baig
The project is mainly on embedded systems.
An Embedded system is an electronic/electromechanical system designed to perform a specific function and it is a combination of firmware and hardware.
We had used 8051 Microcontroller
REQUIRES LESS SPACE IN AUTOMATIC CAR PARKING
REDUCES POLLUTION
TRADTIONAL CAR PARKING IS COSTLY PROCESSS
The automatic parking aims to enhance the comfort and safety of driving in constrained environments where much attention and experience is required to steer the car.
1. The document provides information on the basic parts and functioning of an automobile, including the engine, chassis, body, and other structural components. It describes the engine components like the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, and others.
2. It also discusses the different types of chassis used in automobiles like the ladder chassis, tubular chassis, and monocoque chassis. The functions of the chassis include supporting the vehicle body and providing mounting locations for other parts.
3. Additionally, it summarizes the purpose and components of the internal combustion engine, which generates power through the combustion of fuel and provides it to the transmission system to power the wheels.
This presentation is an introduction to research work conducted at the Automotive Safety and Assessment Engineering (ASAE) research group at the TGGS (The Sirindhorn Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering), KMUTNB.
ASAE researchers: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Saiprasit Koetniyom and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Julaluk Carmai
Whiplash injury from rear-end collisions is a major health and economic issue. The researchers developed an actively controlled car seat that adapts to the occupant's mass and the impact severity to reduce whiplash injuries. Computational simulations and prototype testing showed the adaptive seat reduced neck accelerations and improved whiplash outcomes compared to standard seats. The researchers plan to further refine the adaptive seat design through human testing to better protect all drivers from whiplash.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Chassis, Engine and Steering System of an ATV –...IRJET Journal
This document provides a design report for an All Terrain Vehicle (ATV) created by engineering students for a rally car design competition. It summarizes the design and analysis of the ATV's chassis, engine, and steering system. Key aspects of the design included selecting materials for the chassis frame to provide strength and rigidity while withstanding impacts. A 796cc three-cylinder engine was chosen for power and availability. Solidworks software was used to simulate impacts and stresses on the chassis. An Ackerman steering system with rack and pinion gear was designed to provide maneuverability.
Fleet management these days is next to impossible without connected vehicle solutions. Why? Well, fleet trackers and accompanying connected vehicle management solutions tend to offer quite a few hard-to-ignore benefits to fleet managers and businesses alike. Let’s check them out!
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill RoadsSprinter Gurus
Unlock the secrets behind your Mercedes Sprinter's uphill power loss with our comprehensive presentation. From fuel filter blockages to turbocharger troubles, we uncover the culprits and empower you to reclaim your vehicle's peak performance. Conquer every ascent with confidence and ensure a thrilling journey every time.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
Crane Maintenance and Repair: To ensure optimal performance and safety, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for cranes. Our team of skilled technicians provides comprehensive maintenance and repair services to keep your equipment running smoothly and minimize downtime.
Crane Operator Training: Proper training is crucial for safe and efficient crane operation. We offer specialized training programs conducted by certified instructors to equip operators with the skills and knowledge they need to handle cranes effectively.
Custom Solutions: We understand that every project is unique, which is why we offer custom crane solutions tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need modifications, attachments, or specialized equipment, we can design and implement solutions that meet your needs.
At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
The Octavia range embodies the design trend of the Škoda brand: a fusion of
aesthetics, safety and practicality. Whether you see the car as a whole or step
closer and explore its unique features, the Octavia range radiates with the
harmony of functionality and emotion
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF CRASH TEST
Presentation By
ATUL DWIVEDI | SUNIL MOYAL | DEEPAK BHANDARI | KAUSHAL KUMAR
2. Content
• Abstract.
• How car crash test works.
• Role of dummies and its instrumentations.
• Different Aspects of crash testing.
• Types of crash testing
• Safety systems.
• Crash test ratings.
• Indian scenario.
• Crash testing centres.
• Conclusion.
3. Abstract
• Driving a car is a high in itself, but safety is important too.
• Choosing a safer car is very important to help prevent crashes and accidents.
• Thus, a thorough crash-testing program is critical for the car makers and has
contributed significantly to the improving safety of cars.
• According to the New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) of National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) cars made for model year 1997 and
after must pass both the tests frontal crash testing and side impact crash
testing.
6. Role of dummies
• Crash test dummies are the key as they are used as replica for man in a crash test.
Dummies are made of materials that imitate human physiology.
• Dummy specifications -
- weighing 78 kg (172 lbs)
- standing at 69 inches (5 ft. 9 inches or 1.75 m)
• The dummy's job is to simulate a human being during a crash.
• Dummy collect data that would not be possible to collect from a human occupant.
7.
8. Dummies instrumentations
Accelerometers: - Measure the acceleration in a particular direction to determine the
probability of injury. Inside the dummy's head, there is an accelerometer that
measures the acceleration in all three directions (fore-aft, up-down, left-right).
• Load Sensors: - Inside the dummy are load sensors that measure the amount of
force on different body parts during a crash. The maximum load in the bone can be
used to determine the probability of it breaking.
Accelerometer
Load Sensor
9. Movement Sensors: - used in the dummy's chest to measure how much the chest and
head deflects during a crash.
Before the crash-test dummies are placed in the vehicle, researchers apply different
colors of paint to the parts of the dummies' bodies most likely to hit during a crash.
The paint marks in the car will indicate what part of the body hit what part of the
vehicle inside the cabin.
Movement Sensor
10. Aspects of the crash testing
• A crash laboratory with an advanced high-tech crash barrier.
• An outdoor test track that accommodates research for different weather conditions
• Highly advanced crash simulator
• Lighting system which can provide up to 750,000 watts of illumination without glare
to film tests in slow motion.
• Equipment for advanced component testing.
• A supercomputer that crash tests non-existing cars.
• A system that propels vehicles to impact, accelerating fullsize pickups up to 50 mph.
11. Types of crash tests
• 1. Frontal Crash Test
• 2. Side Impact Test
• 3. Offset Crash Test
12. • Frontal Crash Testing –
• At 56 kmph (35mph) the car runs straight into a solid concrete barrier.
• The kinetic energy involved in the frontal crash test depends on the speed and
weight of the test vehicle.
• Full-width rigid-barrier tests produce high occupant compartment decelerations.
• About 15 high-speed cameras will document the action shooting about 1,000 frames
per second.
13. • Side Impact Test –
• In the side test a sled (of about 1,368-kg) with a deformable "bumper" runs into the
side of the test vehicle at around 31mph.
• Side impacts can be of two types: -
1. perpendicular impact
2.angled impact
• The protection of occupants in side impacts is more important as the space between
the car’s body and the occupant is much less than with the front and rear.
14. Offset Crash Test-
• In offset tests, only one side of a vehicle's front end hits the barrier.
• about 40% of the width of the front of the vehicle on the driver's side must manage
the crash energy.
• vehicle is travels at 64kph (40mph) and collides with a crushable aluminium barrier.
15. How safety system works in crash test
Seat belt
air bags
collapsible bumpers
16. Crash test ratings of the cars
RATING FOR FRONTAL IMPACT TESTS RATING FOR SIDE IMPACT TESTS
17. Indian scenario
• In India 1,40,000 people die on roads every year.
• close to 5 lakhs accidents every year.
• India’s one of the most popular cars from different manufacturer were tested by
Global NCAP and Institute of road traffic education (IRT).
• Till today only few of them got satisfactory rating in crash test.
• Even today no indigenous car has got top star rating in child safety.
20. Crash testing centers
• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS- U.S)
• Euro NCAP
• NCAJ (New Car Assessment Japan)
• ANCAP (Australian New Car Assessment Program)
• ARAI (Automotive Research Association of India)
• SIAM (Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers)
21. Conclusion
• One of the prime reasons for the alarming increase in deaths due to accidents in
India is that crash testing of vehicles is not mandatory.
• The consumer has to change their approach and consider that car, which can avoid
injuries to him in a crash.
• Safety of the car should be more important then design, colour, looks.
• Crash testing leads to improvement of the safety systems.
• Crash testing plays a vital role in continuous improvement of the safety systems.
• in future, crash testing could suggest many more design changes, which could
further minimize the probability of injury during a crash.
• Thus crash testing make driving a more secure and reliable experience.