This document discusses modifying a solar hybrid tricycle to aid disabled people by adding electronic systems. The tricycle would use solar panels to generate power from sunlight and charge a battery. The stored battery energy would power a motor to drive the tricycle. The battery could also be charged through a generator powered by pedaling. A microcontroller would be programmed to add safety features like obstacle detection, anti-theft protection, and emergency alerts for the user. The goals are to develop an affordable, environmentally friendly electric vehicle that can charge through renewable solar energy and transport disabled individuals longer distances.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Fabrication of a Solar RoadwaysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review of the design and fabrication of solar roadways. Some key points:
- Solar roadways involve replacing traditional asphalt roads with structurally engineered solar panels that can be driven on and generate electricity.
- This renewable energy could replace the need for fossil fuels currently used for electricity generation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Additional benefits include an intelligent road infrastructure, self-healing power grid eliminating fossil fuel needs, traffic detection/messaging, illuminated roads, and wireless electric vehicle charging.
- The review discusses the components of solar roadway systems including solar panels, base layers, batteries, LEDs, transformers, controllers, and wireless charging capabilities.
Manage It - A step towards the International Forest Year [Ignite Ahmedabad - ...Samarth Shah
In today's world , the most important part is Energy. We are having enough energy sources to live. If we don’t use the resources properly, then our next generation will not have enough resources to live. So we have to use limited resources properly or in other way we have to use renewable resources. Now from the well known energy conservation principle, I got an idea of converting one form of energy to other form. In our daily lives we are having trouble with noise. Here noise can be of any form e.g. Sound of vehicles.
So here comes the work of my project.
The basic task of this project is how to use energy resources in a optimum way. We are having Solar energy, Wind energy as a major unlimited resources. Experts say that we can have solar energy for the next thousands of years. So what can be done? We are facing lots of noise around use especially at public places like railway station, highways etc. So we can convert the noise generated at these places into electrical signals.
In addition to it body of all the automobile material can be made up of such a material that is strong and also having solar cells so that it can store energy during daytime. Other resource is Wind. As we are using vehicles (Public or Private) for transportation, we can put wind farm on the vehicles. As we can have two resources on the vehicles, fuels required by the vehicles will be less. Furthermore noise to electrical convertor can be fixed on the vehicles.
To conclude, by this project we can have enough energy and our resources can be used for a longer duration.
IRJET- Integrated Smart Highway for Efficient Utilization of Renewable En...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses an integrated smart highway system that utilizes solar and wind renewable energy sources.
2) Solar panels are used to pave the road surfaces and generate electricity. Vertical axis wind turbines installed on highway dividers also generate power from vehicle airflow.
3) The generated electricity is stored in batteries and used to charge electric vehicles and power automated street lights, providing efficient use of renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A mini-grid, micro-grid, and nano-grid are small-scale power grids that can operate independently or connect to larger grids. A mini-grid supplies electricity to a localized group, a micro-grid can be as small as a single building, and a nano-grid is typically under 100 kW and serves a single load. They use solar energy and storage to provide power in rural areas without access to main grids. These distributed energy systems improve reliability, lower costs, and have environmental benefits over traditional centralized grids.
Grid integrated system
study on Integration of DG’s
Key challenges observed
Modelling and study of hybrid systems under different fault conditions
Propose suitable methods to over come some of these challenges
Community Economic Development/Revitalization, Utilizing Electrical Micro Gri...Benoit Hardy-Vallée, Ph.D.
This document discusses utilizing electrical microgrids for community economic development and revitalization. Microgrids are small-scale power supply networks that can provide energy for small communities. They can increase energy capacity and reliability while reducing carbon emissions. Microgrids allow for more community involvement and ownership in energy infrastructure. However, barriers include a lack of connectivity standards, economic models, and cooperation from utilities who may lose market share. The document acknowledges advisors and partners in developing the idea of linking microgrids to community development.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Electric Scooter with Two Way Power SourceIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an electric scooter with two-way power sources. The scooter uses a 24V 250W brushless DC hub motor and lithium-ion battery. It can be charged through a DC generator while riding, solar panels when stopped, or a main power supply charger. The solar panels absorb sunlight to generate electricity for charging. Key components include the motor, motor controller, chain and sprocket system, and lithium-ion battery. Calculations are shown for no-load speed, required power to drive the bicycle, and other specifications. The two-way charging ability eliminates dependencies on the main power supply charging and reduces pollution compared to gas scooters.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Fabrication of a Solar RoadwaysIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review of the design and fabrication of solar roadways. Some key points:
- Solar roadways involve replacing traditional asphalt roads with structurally engineered solar panels that can be driven on and generate electricity.
- This renewable energy could replace the need for fossil fuels currently used for electricity generation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- Additional benefits include an intelligent road infrastructure, self-healing power grid eliminating fossil fuel needs, traffic detection/messaging, illuminated roads, and wireless electric vehicle charging.
- The review discusses the components of solar roadway systems including solar panels, base layers, batteries, LEDs, transformers, controllers, and wireless charging capabilities.
Manage It - A step towards the International Forest Year [Ignite Ahmedabad - ...Samarth Shah
In today's world , the most important part is Energy. We are having enough energy sources to live. If we don’t use the resources properly, then our next generation will not have enough resources to live. So we have to use limited resources properly or in other way we have to use renewable resources. Now from the well known energy conservation principle, I got an idea of converting one form of energy to other form. In our daily lives we are having trouble with noise. Here noise can be of any form e.g. Sound of vehicles.
So here comes the work of my project.
The basic task of this project is how to use energy resources in a optimum way. We are having Solar energy, Wind energy as a major unlimited resources. Experts say that we can have solar energy for the next thousands of years. So what can be done? We are facing lots of noise around use especially at public places like railway station, highways etc. So we can convert the noise generated at these places into electrical signals.
In addition to it body of all the automobile material can be made up of such a material that is strong and also having solar cells so that it can store energy during daytime. Other resource is Wind. As we are using vehicles (Public or Private) for transportation, we can put wind farm on the vehicles. As we can have two resources on the vehicles, fuels required by the vehicles will be less. Furthermore noise to electrical convertor can be fixed on the vehicles.
To conclude, by this project we can have enough energy and our resources can be used for a longer duration.
IRJET- Integrated Smart Highway for Efficient Utilization of Renewable En...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses an integrated smart highway system that utilizes solar and wind renewable energy sources.
2) Solar panels are used to pave the road surfaces and generate electricity. Vertical axis wind turbines installed on highway dividers also generate power from vehicle airflow.
3) The generated electricity is stored in batteries and used to charge electric vehicles and power automated street lights, providing efficient use of renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
A mini-grid, micro-grid, and nano-grid are small-scale power grids that can operate independently or connect to larger grids. A mini-grid supplies electricity to a localized group, a micro-grid can be as small as a single building, and a nano-grid is typically under 100 kW and serves a single load. They use solar energy and storage to provide power in rural areas without access to main grids. These distributed energy systems improve reliability, lower costs, and have environmental benefits over traditional centralized grids.
Grid integrated system
study on Integration of DG’s
Key challenges observed
Modelling and study of hybrid systems under different fault conditions
Propose suitable methods to over come some of these challenges
Community Economic Development/Revitalization, Utilizing Electrical Micro Gri...Benoit Hardy-Vallée, Ph.D.
This document discusses utilizing electrical microgrids for community economic development and revitalization. Microgrids are small-scale power supply networks that can provide energy for small communities. They can increase energy capacity and reliability while reducing carbon emissions. Microgrids allow for more community involvement and ownership in energy infrastructure. However, barriers include a lack of connectivity standards, economic models, and cooperation from utilities who may lose market share. The document acknowledges advisors and partners in developing the idea of linking microgrids to community development.
IRJET - Multi-Hybrid Renewable Energy Source based on Solar, Wind and Biogas ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed multi-hybrid renewable energy system combining solar, wind, and biogas sources. It presents a block diagram and simulation of the system, which shows that the sources can supply power proportionally to their capacities to meet the load demand. The system is not affected when faults are applied to the grid. The document also provides background on each renewable source and reviews their use individually and in hybrid configurations to provide sustainable energy. It concludes that a hybrid system integrating multiple sources can reliably power remote areas.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Electric Scooter with Two Way Power SourceIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of an electric scooter with two-way power sources. The scooter uses a 24V 250W brushless DC hub motor and lithium-ion battery. It can be charged through a DC generator while riding, solar panels when stopped, or a main power supply charger. The solar panels absorb sunlight to generate electricity for charging. Key components include the motor, motor controller, chain and sprocket system, and lithium-ion battery. Calculations are shown for no-load speed, required power to drive the bicycle, and other specifications. The two-way charging ability eliminates dependencies on the main power supply charging and reduces pollution compared to gas scooters.
IRJET - Technological Progression with Respect to Assessment of Solar and win...IRJET Journal
This document discusses solar and wind hybrid energy systems. It begins by providing background on why hybrid systems are needed as alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based power due to increasing demand. It then describes how solar and wind hybrid systems work by combining solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage to generate continuous power. The document outlines the key benefits of these systems as being cost-effective, reliable, and able to generate power as needed. It also discusses some of the challenges with modeling and designing these complex multi-disciplinary technological systems.
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicleIRJASH
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years, research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
The document summarizes SELCO Foundation's pilot microgrid projects from 2013-2015 in Karnataka, India. It describes 4 microgrid sites that were installed, including key details about the community, technical system, operational model, and lessons learned. It also discusses additional sites that were analyzed but not implemented. The projects explored different models for powering rural communities through microgrids and decentralized renewable energy.
This document summarizes a presentation on a dual axis solar tracker. It introduces the objective of improving various skills and demonstrates how a solar tracker can adjust its position to maximize sunlight absorption. It addresses the problem that fixed solar panels cannot adjust their orientation to changing sunlight and presents a solar tracking system as a solution to ensure panels receive direct rays and maximum intensity from the sun to optimize solar panel output. It concludes by listing three references on related topics including solar tracking and maximizing solar energy absorption.
IRJET- Efficient Power Utilization in Communication TowersIRJET Journal
This document proposes a framework called Green Radio Technology to improve the efficient use of power in cellular communication towers. Currently, towers operate continuously regardless of user traffic levels, wasting significant amounts of power. The proposed framework would dynamically switch towers on and off based on user frequency, keeping only one tower active during periods of low traffic to handle all communications while others remain idle. This approach aims to reduce both energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions from the towers. The document outlines the existing inefficient system, proposed Green Radio Technology approach, block diagram of the system, software implementation details, and methodology for dynamically switching towers and utilizing renewable energy sources like solar to power towers.
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
POWER PLANT- PORTABLE MICRO POWER GENERATIONvivatechijri
This project gives on idea of "POWER PLANT- PORTABLE MICRO POWER GENERATION". In this project we considered wind as a renewable source of energy to generate electricity with the help of aeroleaves are leaf like structure of wind turbine. Which are placed in the form of tree called Wind tree. These aeroleaves are small vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and able to generate power. They are also silent, so they could be installed along buildings, street or even in people’s backyards. The rotation of aeroleaves depends on wind speed and wind direction. VAWT will catch wind from all directions. When wind blows, aeroleaves rotate and energy get produced .In this project , the power generated from wind tree is eco-friendly, less noise polluted and can provide electricity to remote locations.
Energy harvesting using solar panels & piezo discs3Abhishek Shukla
This is presentation of my final year diploma project. Energy harvesting using Solar panels and Piezo plates. It introduces and uses the new innovative technology of Piezo Energy.
Unwiring the Planet:: Wireless Communications & Climate Change3GDR
This document summarizes a presentation given at an ITU symposium on ICTs and climate change. It discusses the environmental impacts of mobile communications, including their contribution to CO2 emissions globally and in the UK. It also outlines opportunities to reduce impacts through improved technology, renewable energy use, and reducing charger waste. Potential environmental benefits of mobile communications through applications that reduce travel are also noted.
The document discusses a microgrid project that aims to reduce the carbon footprint of a farm by generating renewable energy on-site. It then focuses on mitigating the risks of solar overgeneration using demand-based solar tracking. It analyzes load profiles and divides demand into periods. It proposes a solar tracker prototype with modules that can achieve higher tilt for more generation during peak periods. SCADA control would track solar output to the predicted load and log performance data. The goal is to generate according to demand patterns and minimize overgeneration while meeting peak needs.
Electric Vehicle
Benefits of Electric Vehicle
What is Happening in the world of Electric Vehicle?
Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Wireless Charging
Advantages of Wireless Charging
Dynamic Wireless Charging
Impact of Wireless Charging on the Electric Vehicle Growth
References
This document provides an overview of a technical seminar report on solar roadways. It discusses what solar roadways are, how they work, and their potential advantages. Solar roadways involve replacing existing roads, parking lots, and driveways with strong, durable glass panels that contain solar cells to generate electricity, LEDs to provide road markings and lighting, and heating elements to prevent ice and snow accumulation. The report outlines the various chapters that will be covered, including the construction of prototype solar roadway panels with three layers, and the potential benefits of an intelligent transportation infrastructure powered by solar energy.
Cost Analysis of Small Scale Solar and Wind Energy SystemsIJMER
Abstract: The recent dramatic increase in the use of
renewable energy systems leading towards competitive
markets within the various individual renewable energy
systems. The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis
i.e. in next few years, when the cost of the solar PV
modules come down below 1$ per Watt, small wind
turbines become more costlier because of the cost of
structures required to support the wind generator. And
also if the threat from the market is not addressed both
technically and commercially, small wind turbine
manufactures will lose the competition to solar PV module
manufactures in the near visible future. Objective of this
paper is to do cost analysis on the industry data and prove
hypothesis and to arrive at the cutoff point, where after the
generating energy from the wind is not economically
feasible. With this cost analysis, author here by alarm for
the small scale wind turbine manufactures to take
necessary measures to survive the competitive markets of
small scale renewable energy systems.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar PV, Wind Turbine, Curve Fitting, Cost analysis.
A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources that can operate connected or disconnected from the main power grid. Microgrids provide benefits like reducing outage effects, optimizing demand and costs, integrating distributed resources, and improving asset management. They are well-suited for locations that experience frequent outages and have potential distributed energy resources like solar, enabling independence from the main grid during emergencies. The document discusses factors to consider for microgrid location and implementation, citing examples in Massachusetts.
IRJET - OR-DEV System (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric Vehicles)IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed wireless charging system for electric vehicles called OR-DEV (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric vehicles). It introduces an inductive wireless charging lane for EVs with embedded coils that would allow continuous charging of EVs as they drive on the roadway. The system aims to address limitations of traditional electric charging by reducing charging times and not requiring EVs to stop for charging. It presents the background on electric vehicles and motivation for dynamic wireless charging. The system architecture and initial simulation results showing high charging efficiency are summarized. The document also reviews related work on wireless charging systems and discusses how the proposed system could increase EV mileage and reduce waiting times for charging.
IRJET - Charging Automation for Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for automated parking and wireless charging of electric vehicles. The system uses infrared sensors to detect empty parking spots and a wireless power transmitter to charge electric vehicles parked in those spots. An Arduino microcontroller monitors the parking status and charging process. It calculates the power consumed and sends that data to an Internet of Things cloud. Users can pay for parking through the system, and a Bluetooth module will then allow their vehicle to be released from the parking spot. The goal of the system is to automate parking and charging processes for electric vehicles to make them more convenient.
IRJET- Energy Harvesting by using Various Non-Conventional Energy SourcesIRJET Journal
This document describes a hybrid energy harvesting system that uses solar, wind, and piezoelectric energy sources. The system collects energy from solar panels, a wind turbine, and piezoelectric plates. This energy is stored in batteries and can be used to power electrical devices through an inverter. The system provides a way to generate electricity using multiple renewable and non-conventional energy sources.
A microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or connect to the main grid. It allows local power generation for local loads using distributed energy resources like solar panels, batteries, and generators. Microgrids provide benefits like increased reliability, lower costs, and the ability to incorporate renewable energy. They face challenges around regulation, financing, and technology but offer a more efficient alternative to the conventional grid.
IRJET- Electricity Generation using Speed BreakerIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to generate electricity from speed breakers. When vehicles pass over speed breakers, their kinetic energy is wasted. The system aims to capture this wasted energy. It would use a rack and pinion mechanism to convert the up/down motion of vehicles on the speed breaker into rotational motion. This rotation would power a generator to produce electricity. Piezoelectric crystals would also capture energy from vehicle pressure and add to the total output. The electricity could be stored and used for local lighting or other needs. The system has the benefits of being low-cost and utilizing an untapped energy source from vehicle movement.
Analysis of Triwheeler for Handicapped PersonIJERA Editor
1. The document describes a solar-powered triwheeler designed to assist handicapped persons. It discusses the key components of the triwheeler, including solar panels, batteries, a brushless DC motor, motor controller, and throttle.
2. The triwheeler aims to provide independent transportation for handicapped individuals on college campuses in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner. It is powered by a solar array that charges batteries to power an electric motor.
3. The document reviews the components in detail, including how the motor controller regulates power from the batteries to the motor based on input from the throttle and hall sensors. It also discusses advantages of solar power such as generating no pollution and providing a
The document discusses the design of electrical vehicles. It begins by outlining the problem of air pollution in India and how electric vehicles can help reduce it. It then describes the typical architecture of an electric vehicle, including the electric motor, battery pack, inverter, charger, and DC-DC converter. It discusses different types of electric motors that can be used such as DC motors, induction motors, and permanent magnetic synchronous motors. It also covers various types of batteries used in electric vehicles, notably lithium-ion batteries. In conclusion, the document states that electric vehicles produce fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants than gasoline or diesel vehicles.
IRJET - Technological Progression with Respect to Assessment of Solar and win...IRJET Journal
This document discusses solar and wind hybrid energy systems. It begins by providing background on why hybrid systems are needed as alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based power due to increasing demand. It then describes how solar and wind hybrid systems work by combining solar panels, wind turbines, and energy storage to generate continuous power. The document outlines the key benefits of these systems as being cost-effective, reliable, and able to generate power as needed. It also discusses some of the challenges with modeling and designing these complex multi-disciplinary technological systems.
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicleIRJASH
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years, research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
The document summarizes SELCO Foundation's pilot microgrid projects from 2013-2015 in Karnataka, India. It describes 4 microgrid sites that were installed, including key details about the community, technical system, operational model, and lessons learned. It also discusses additional sites that were analyzed but not implemented. The projects explored different models for powering rural communities through microgrids and decentralized renewable energy.
This document summarizes a presentation on a dual axis solar tracker. It introduces the objective of improving various skills and demonstrates how a solar tracker can adjust its position to maximize sunlight absorption. It addresses the problem that fixed solar panels cannot adjust their orientation to changing sunlight and presents a solar tracking system as a solution to ensure panels receive direct rays and maximum intensity from the sun to optimize solar panel output. It concludes by listing three references on related topics including solar tracking and maximizing solar energy absorption.
IRJET- Efficient Power Utilization in Communication TowersIRJET Journal
This document proposes a framework called Green Radio Technology to improve the efficient use of power in cellular communication towers. Currently, towers operate continuously regardless of user traffic levels, wasting significant amounts of power. The proposed framework would dynamically switch towers on and off based on user frequency, keeping only one tower active during periods of low traffic to handle all communications while others remain idle. This approach aims to reduce both energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions from the towers. The document outlines the existing inefficient system, proposed Green Radio Technology approach, block diagram of the system, software implementation details, and methodology for dynamically switching towers and utilizing renewable energy sources like solar to power towers.
MicroGrid and Energy Storage System COMPLETE DETAILS NEW PPT Abin Baby
A microgrid is a localized grouping of electricity generation, energy storage, and loads that normally operates connected to a traditional centralized grid (macrogrid). This single point of common coupling with the macrogrid can be disconnected. The microgrid can then function autonomously. Generation and loads in a microgrid are usually interconnected at low voltage. From the point of view of the grid operator, a connected microgrid can be controlled as if it were one entity.
Microgrid generation resources can include fuel cells, wind, solar, or other energy sources. The multiple dispersed generation sources and ability to isolate the microgrid from a larger network would provide highly reliable electric power. Produced heat from generation sources such as micro turbines could be used for local process heating or space heating, allowing flexible trade off between the needs for heat and electric power.
POWER PLANT- PORTABLE MICRO POWER GENERATIONvivatechijri
This project gives on idea of "POWER PLANT- PORTABLE MICRO POWER GENERATION". In this project we considered wind as a renewable source of energy to generate electricity with the help of aeroleaves are leaf like structure of wind turbine. Which are placed in the form of tree called Wind tree. These aeroleaves are small vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) and able to generate power. They are also silent, so they could be installed along buildings, street or even in people’s backyards. The rotation of aeroleaves depends on wind speed and wind direction. VAWT will catch wind from all directions. When wind blows, aeroleaves rotate and energy get produced .In this project , the power generated from wind tree is eco-friendly, less noise polluted and can provide electricity to remote locations.
Energy harvesting using solar panels & piezo discs3Abhishek Shukla
This is presentation of my final year diploma project. Energy harvesting using Solar panels and Piezo plates. It introduces and uses the new innovative technology of Piezo Energy.
Unwiring the Planet:: Wireless Communications & Climate Change3GDR
This document summarizes a presentation given at an ITU symposium on ICTs and climate change. It discusses the environmental impacts of mobile communications, including their contribution to CO2 emissions globally and in the UK. It also outlines opportunities to reduce impacts through improved technology, renewable energy use, and reducing charger waste. Potential environmental benefits of mobile communications through applications that reduce travel are also noted.
The document discusses a microgrid project that aims to reduce the carbon footprint of a farm by generating renewable energy on-site. It then focuses on mitigating the risks of solar overgeneration using demand-based solar tracking. It analyzes load profiles and divides demand into periods. It proposes a solar tracker prototype with modules that can achieve higher tilt for more generation during peak periods. SCADA control would track solar output to the predicted load and log performance data. The goal is to generate according to demand patterns and minimize overgeneration while meeting peak needs.
Electric Vehicle
Benefits of Electric Vehicle
What is Happening in the world of Electric Vehicle?
Electric Vehicle Charging Types
Wireless Charging
Advantages of Wireless Charging
Dynamic Wireless Charging
Impact of Wireless Charging on the Electric Vehicle Growth
References
This document provides an overview of a technical seminar report on solar roadways. It discusses what solar roadways are, how they work, and their potential advantages. Solar roadways involve replacing existing roads, parking lots, and driveways with strong, durable glass panels that contain solar cells to generate electricity, LEDs to provide road markings and lighting, and heating elements to prevent ice and snow accumulation. The report outlines the various chapters that will be covered, including the construction of prototype solar roadway panels with three layers, and the potential benefits of an intelligent transportation infrastructure powered by solar energy.
Cost Analysis of Small Scale Solar and Wind Energy SystemsIJMER
Abstract: The recent dramatic increase in the use of
renewable energy systems leading towards competitive
markets within the various individual renewable energy
systems. The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis
i.e. in next few years, when the cost of the solar PV
modules come down below 1$ per Watt, small wind
turbines become more costlier because of the cost of
structures required to support the wind generator. And
also if the threat from the market is not addressed both
technically and commercially, small wind turbine
manufactures will lose the competition to solar PV module
manufactures in the near visible future. Objective of this
paper is to do cost analysis on the industry data and prove
hypothesis and to arrive at the cutoff point, where after the
generating energy from the wind is not economically
feasible. With this cost analysis, author here by alarm for
the small scale wind turbine manufactures to take
necessary measures to survive the competitive markets of
small scale renewable energy systems.
Keywords: Renewable energy, Solar PV, Wind Turbine, Curve Fitting, Cost analysis.
A microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources that can operate connected or disconnected from the main power grid. Microgrids provide benefits like reducing outage effects, optimizing demand and costs, integrating distributed resources, and improving asset management. They are well-suited for locations that experience frequent outages and have potential distributed energy resources like solar, enabling independence from the main grid during emergencies. The document discusses factors to consider for microgrid location and implementation, citing examples in Massachusetts.
IRJET - OR-DEV System (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric Vehicles)IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a proposed wireless charging system for electric vehicles called OR-DEV (On Road Dynamic Charging for Electric vehicles). It introduces an inductive wireless charging lane for EVs with embedded coils that would allow continuous charging of EVs as they drive on the roadway. The system aims to address limitations of traditional electric charging by reducing charging times and not requiring EVs to stop for charging. It presents the background on electric vehicles and motivation for dynamic wireless charging. The system architecture and initial simulation results showing high charging efficiency are summarized. The document also reviews related work on wireless charging systems and discusses how the proposed system could increase EV mileage and reduce waiting times for charging.
IRJET - Charging Automation for Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for automated parking and wireless charging of electric vehicles. The system uses infrared sensors to detect empty parking spots and a wireless power transmitter to charge electric vehicles parked in those spots. An Arduino microcontroller monitors the parking status and charging process. It calculates the power consumed and sends that data to an Internet of Things cloud. Users can pay for parking through the system, and a Bluetooth module will then allow their vehicle to be released from the parking spot. The goal of the system is to automate parking and charging processes for electric vehicles to make them more convenient.
IRJET- Energy Harvesting by using Various Non-Conventional Energy SourcesIRJET Journal
This document describes a hybrid energy harvesting system that uses solar, wind, and piezoelectric energy sources. The system collects energy from solar panels, a wind turbine, and piezoelectric plates. This energy is stored in batteries and can be used to power electrical devices through an inverter. The system provides a way to generate electricity using multiple renewable and non-conventional energy sources.
A microgrid is a small-scale power grid that can operate independently or connect to the main grid. It allows local power generation for local loads using distributed energy resources like solar panels, batteries, and generators. Microgrids provide benefits like increased reliability, lower costs, and the ability to incorporate renewable energy. They face challenges around regulation, financing, and technology but offer a more efficient alternative to the conventional grid.
IRJET- Electricity Generation using Speed BreakerIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to generate electricity from speed breakers. When vehicles pass over speed breakers, their kinetic energy is wasted. The system aims to capture this wasted energy. It would use a rack and pinion mechanism to convert the up/down motion of vehicles on the speed breaker into rotational motion. This rotation would power a generator to produce electricity. Piezoelectric crystals would also capture energy from vehicle pressure and add to the total output. The electricity could be stored and used for local lighting or other needs. The system has the benefits of being low-cost and utilizing an untapped energy source from vehicle movement.
Analysis of Triwheeler for Handicapped PersonIJERA Editor
1. The document describes a solar-powered triwheeler designed to assist handicapped persons. It discusses the key components of the triwheeler, including solar panels, batteries, a brushless DC motor, motor controller, and throttle.
2. The triwheeler aims to provide independent transportation for handicapped individuals on college campuses in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner. It is powered by a solar array that charges batteries to power an electric motor.
3. The document reviews the components in detail, including how the motor controller regulates power from the batteries to the motor based on input from the throttle and hall sensors. It also discusses advantages of solar power such as generating no pollution and providing a
The document discusses the design of electrical vehicles. It begins by outlining the problem of air pollution in India and how electric vehicles can help reduce it. It then describes the typical architecture of an electric vehicle, including the electric motor, battery pack, inverter, charger, and DC-DC converter. It discusses different types of electric motors that can be used such as DC motors, induction motors, and permanent magnetic synchronous motors. It also covers various types of batteries used in electric vehicles, notably lithium-ion batteries. In conclusion, the document states that electric vehicles produce fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants than gasoline or diesel vehicles.
This document discusses the manufacturing of a solar car. It describes the key components of the solar car, including solar panels, batteries, a brushless DC motor, and a charge controller. The solar panels collect energy from the sun which is stored in lead-acid batteries. The batteries then provide power to the brushless DC motor, which drives the car. The charge controller regulates the voltage to prevent overcharging of the batteries. The document analyzes the performance of the solar car system, including the effects of solar panel area and orientation on vehicle performance and fuel savings compared to gasoline-powered vehicles. It is concluded that solar electric vehicles have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption and emissions in a sustainable way.
IRJET- Smart Electric Two Wheeler ScooterIRJET Journal
The document describes a smart electric two-wheeler scooter project. Key components of the scooter include a 48V 30Ah lithium-ion battery, 1kW brushless DC hub motor, motor controller, DC-DC converter, and light dependent resistor circuit. The scooter is expected to achieve average speeds of 30-50 km/hr on a single charge with a range of 70km. The project aims to improve performance and address limitations of existing electric scooters such as long charging times and short battery lifespan. Calculations related to forces acting on the scooter during motion and total power required are also presented.
Human Powered Dc Micro Grid ElectrificationIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to generate electricity from human power using a bicycle. The system would utilize the motion of pedaling to spin a generator and charge a battery pack. The battery could then power a small DC microgrid. Simulations were conducted of the electrical components like a buck-boost converter and lithium-ion battery charging. The mechanical design includes a gear and sprocket system to increase the generator speed for optimal output. The goal is to develop a low-cost way to capture wasted human pedaling energy and put it to use.
In a world where environment protection and energy conversion are growing concerns,the development of solar vehicle has taken on an accele ration pace. The dream of having commercially viable solar vehicle is becoming a rea lity. EV�s are gradually available in the market. This opportunity is taken towards design an d development of Solar two wheeler. Solar vehicle is a multi-disciplinary subject which covers broad and complex aspects. However,it has core technologies,namely propulsio n technology,energy source technology,storage and control technology. As energy source s olar panel is used and developed voltage is stored in battery and used for the drive the hub motor which is used as rare wheel of the vehicle.
IRJET - Automated Solar Powered Lawn Mower using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automated solar-powered lawn mower that uses IoT functionality. The lawn mower would be equipped with solar panels to charge its lithium-ion battery for powering the grass cutting blade and motors that allow it to move and cut grass autonomously across a lawn. It would use an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and avoid them. A Node MCU microcontroller would control the movement of the motors and cutting blade. The lawn mower could be remotely operated using an IoT-enabled web application, requiring minimal human involvement beyond an initial start command. The goal is to create an efficient, autonomous, and environmentally-friendly alternative to gas-powered lawn mowers.
1. The document describes a proposed design for a solar electric hybrid bicycle. The hybrid bicycle would use a lead acid battery charged via both a solar panel and wall outlet.
2. It would have a DC motor powered by the battery to assist with pedaling. The system aims to enable longer distance cycling through regenerative braking and solar charging.
3. The document reviews different components that could be used in the design, including the motor, battery, solar charge controller, throttle, solar panel, and frame. It also estimates battery charge times from solar panels of different wattages.
Design and Calculation of standalone system for Devon valley (TQ14 OEY) near ...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and calculation of a standalone solar power system for a cottage house in Devon Valley, England. It begins with an abstract and introduction on harnessing solar energy. It then outlines the methodology used, which includes analyzing the house's daily load consumption, calculating solar irradiation data using PVGIS software, sizing the solar array and other system components like batteries and inverters. The key steps involve determining the energy required from the PV array based on the daily load and system efficiencies. 54 panels of 500W each are selected to meet the daily energy demand of 26.78 kWh. The battery bank and charge controller capacities are then sized accordingly. The inverter is selected to be 8000W based on the daily
This document describes a solar-powered electric vehicle that can charge itself using solar energy technology. The project aims to design an electric car that decreases dependence on fuel and reduces air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. It uses solar panels to charge the vehicle's lithium-ion battery bank. An Arduino board controls functions like direction, speed and charging. A NodeMCU module enables internet of things connectivity. Joysticks control direction while motor drivers power the motors. The design aims to promote sustainable transportation using renewable solar energy.
IRJET- Solar based Garbage Collecting VehicleIRJET Journal
This document describes a solar-powered garbage collecting vehicle controlled by radio frequency. The vehicle uses an Arduino microcontroller to control four motors - two for driving the vehicle chassis and two for operating the garbage lifting mechanism. The vehicle is powered by a lead-acid battery that can be charged by solar panels. A remote control transmits signals to a receiver connected to the Arduino, which processes the commands and controls the motors accordingly. The proposed vehicle aims to provide an efficient alternative to fossil fuel-powered garbage collection vehicles through its use of renewable solar energy.
IRJET- Solar Roadways: A Significant Infrastructural ReformIRJET Journal
The document discusses solar roadways, which are solar panels designed to replace conventional asphalt roads. Solar roadways would generate renewable energy through solar power, helping to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. They are more durable than traditional roads and could pay for themselves over time by producing excess electricity for the grid. Implementing solar roadways on a major Indian highway could power the daily needs of an entire state and reduce air pollution by eliminating the need for certain power plants. However, the initial higher costs of solar roadways is a major disadvantage that could prevent adoption in less developed areas.
Survey on efficient plug in hybrid vehicle chargingeSAT Journals
This document summarizes a research paper on improving the efficiency of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) charging. It proposes using a portable solar panel with an external 3D printed parabolic concentrator to increase solar cell efficiency and charge the PHEV battery. If the battery runs low, a mobile charging system using queuing theory and an android application is developed to determine the nearest mobile charger. The paper reviews different PHEV charging methods and techniques to increase solar cell efficiency. It then describes the proposed system in detail which uses the solar energy capturing module, mobile charging system, slot booking and security features to efficiently charge PHEVs while reducing range anxiety and emissions.
Development of 30 Watt Solar Bag with Wireless Power Transmission UnitIJERA Editor
The development of 30 watt Solar bag with wireless power transmission unit using photo voltaic cells to charge
tablets, mobile phones, smart phones, digital cameras and all types of batteries (Including 12 volt acid and dry
cell for emergency situations) using in such kind of appliances. The phenomenon that we have implanted in our
project to transmit wireless power is resonant coupling. The Battery backup of the solar bag would be around 2
hours with load estimation of around 30 watts. Our product is very user friendly as it allows us the power
transmission in the range of 12 inches, whereas we have also implemented the overall logic by using PIC
Microcontroller based model 16F877A to enhance its versatility.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Development of Solar Palm Tree for Rural Street LightsIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a solar palm tree for providing rural street lights. The solar palm tree is designed to utilize solar energy through solar panels mounted on branches in the shape of a tree, occupying less space than traditional solar panel installations. It uses a technique called "spiraling phyllataxy" to maximize sunlight exposure to the lower panels. The tree can charge batteries to power street lights for long periods. It provides a renewable energy solution that reduces land usage compared to other solar power systems.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of SupercapacitorsYogeshIJTSRD
In recent years, the demand for electric EV has increased drastically because of the rising pollution from emissions into the atmosphere in recent years. EV’s have simpler architecture, lower noise levels, better stability, and, most significantly, they safeguard the environment. Rapidly increasing population, energy consumption, and the need to reduce emissions through the conventional vehicle have motivated researchers to study the electric hybrid vehicles EHVs . In normal scenario in INDIA in electric vehicles like E cabs and E cars conventional battery is used and the real drawback of conventional batteries is that it drained out fast when used with full capacity and rechargeable is time significantly high usually 7 to 8 hours. A large number of methods have already been already proposed by various researchers that can solve the problem, however, these systems were not efficient enough for draining out the charging in EV. In order to overcome the limitation rapid discharge and slow recharge supercapacitors can be very significant solution of this problems. Using of solar panel is precure our environment which can be most important thing in this developing and growing world the use of solar in vehicle and using electric cars can be safeguard of our society and we can be free from using petroleum fuels which are limited and world can be made safer for our upcoming generations. supercapacitor used as additional energy storage for hybrid wind and photovoltaic system. It charges energy when it is windy or sunny and discharges when there is no power generated from photovoltaic or wind due to the sudden passing clouds disturbance or very low wind speed. Hence, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the supercapacitor and determine these different electric models. Satya Veer Singh | Poonam Kumari "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of Supercapacitors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45037.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45037/hybrid-electric-vehicle-charging-by-solar-panel-using-of-supercapacitors/satya-veer-singh
Free Powered Electric Vehicle_Designed by Pranav NavathePranavNavathe
In today’s world the rapid growth in automobile industry requested most accurate and high
performable vehicles, with pollution free and low cost in operation. The project free powered electric
vehicle is an automobile which works on the principle of generating electricity with the help of
synchronous electric motor and generator with attached fly wheel, boosting circuit which acts as a
free powering machine by restoring waste mechanical energy into useful electric work. This device
consists of one electric motor and generator with attached fly wheel in centre so that it connected
with motor and generator with belt pulleys. When an mechanical input is given to the generator with
help of stator its produces electricity later which is passed to motor as input so, motor rotates the
attached flywheel then the stored kinetic energy in the flywheel is utilized to multiply the rotations of
generator shaft to produce electricity with little effort on motor in this way cycle repeated and from
produced electricity some amount of electricity taken as output which is used for charging batteries,
accessories of the electric vehicle. Such that vehicle is propelled.
A Review on Electric Vehicle Powertrain System Components and the Challenges ...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the components of electric vehicle powertrain systems and challenges in large-scale adoption. It describes the key components, including traction motors (DC, induction, permanent magnet synchronous, and switched reluctance), batteries (lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride), and power electronics. Research is needed to improve these components to meet consumer demands and allow electric vehicles to replace gasoline vehicles, such as increasing battery life, reducing costs, and improving safety. Widespread adoption faces challenges but is important to reduce emissions and dependence on oil.
This document summarizes a student project to design and build a solar-powered vehicle. It begins with an abstract that outlines the key components and goals of using solar energy to charge batteries and power motors to drive the vehicle. The introduction discusses the importance of renewable energy sources given finite fossil fuels. It then reviews relevant literature on solar energy collection and conversion efficiency. The circuit diagram and working of the vehicle are described, including solar panels charging batteries, batteries powering DC motors via a microcontroller and relays, and Bluetooth remote control. Advantages include no emissions or fuel costs, while disadvantages are limited range and speed. The conclusion discusses overcoming challenges through further research and notes potential battery charging while stopped. The future scope discusses solar vehicles
Similar to Modification Of Solar Hybrid Tricycle for Divyang People By Using Electronics System (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.