renewable energy sources using piezoelectric sensors and solar energy. complete housing and industrial solution from power cuts.

1. Renewable energy sources using
piezoelectric sensors and solar
panels
By
Tanveer Ahmed

2. Abstract
 The utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is
very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like
India and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands, temples, etc.
are all over crowded and millions of people move around the clock. And
 With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretically calculated
solar energy incidence on its land area alone, is about 5,000 trillion
kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year The solar energy available in a year exceeds
the possible energy output of all fossil fuel energy reserves in India.
 In this project we are generating electrical power by non-conventional
method by simply walking or running on the foot step and by solar panels.
 Use of embedded technology makes this system efficient and reliable.

3. Hardware requirements
 Power supply
 LCD display
 ADC
 Inverter
 Voltage sampler
 Rechargeable battery
 Piezo-electric transducer
 Solar panel
 8051 microcontroller
 AC Ripple neutralizer

4. Block diagram
8051
Power supply
Solar panel
A C ripple
neutralizer
Piezo electric
transducers
Quantizing
and Encoding
LCD
Rechargeable battery loadinverter
Voltage
sampler

5. Circuit diagram

6. Power circuit
 Bridge rectifier or smoothing circuit is used to remove
ripples from dc output of rectifier.

7. Sunday, March 27, 2016WineYard technologies
7812
7805
C1
C2
5V
12V
C
C=1000uF C1,C2=104pF R1,R2=330
R1
R2

8. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER
MICROCONTROLLER
The 8051 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable
Flash memory.
The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density
nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the
industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.

9. Pin diagram of the 8051 DIP

10.  Among its major features are its lightweight
construction, its portability, and its ability to be
produced in much larger screen sizes than are
practical for the construction of cathode ray tube
(CRT) display technology.

11. Pin:1 Ground
Pin:2 Vcc +5V
Pin:3 Contrast control
Pin:4 Register select (RS)
Pin:5 Read/Write (RD/WR)
Pin:6 Enable (EN)
Pin:7 – 14 pins all are data pins D0 – D7
Pin:15 Vcc +5V }
Pin:16 Ground }

12. Invertor and ADC
 A power inverter, or inverter, is a device or circuitry that changes direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
 The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device
with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter,8-channel multiplexer and
microprocessor compatible control logic.
 The ADC0808 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature
dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes
minimal power.

13. Voltage sampler
 In electronics, a sample and hold (S/H, also "follow-and-hold") circuit is
an analog device that samples (captures, grabs) the voltage of a
continuously varying analog signal and holds (locks, freezes) its value at a
constant level for a specified minimum period of time.
 They are typically used in analog-to-digital converters to eliminate
variations in input signal that can corrupt the conversion process.
 A typical sample and hold circuit stores electric charge in a capacitor and
contains at least one FET (field effect transistor) switch and at least
one operational amplifier . To sample the input signal the switch connects
the capacitor to the output of a buffer amplifier.
 The buffer amplifier charges or discharges the capacitor so that the voltage
across the capacitor is practically equal, or proportional to, input voltage.

14. Solar Panels
 Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb the sun's rays as a
source of energy for generating electricity or heating.
 This process uses semiconductors which when excited by the photons,
release a free electron that is then lose to flow as current.
 silicon solar cells can reach efficiencies of around 18%
and more expensive space grade solar cells made from triple junction
gallium arsenide can reach about 32% efficiency in production models.

15. Piezoelectric effect
 A piezoelectric sensor is a
device that uses the piezoelectric
effect to
measure pressure, acceleration,
strain or force by converting
them to an electrical signal.
 The piezoelectric effect was
discovered in 1880 by two
French physicists,
brothers Pierre and Paul-
Jacques Curie, in crystals of
quartz, tourmaline, and Rochelle
salt . In Greek work piezein,
which means "to press.“

16. working
 The power from solar panels is rectified and
smoothened to be stored in rechargeable battery and
so is for piezoelectric transducers.
 When supply is cut we use the power stored in battery
or on a sunny day we use solar power or on a crowded
day we use piezo-electric power as our main aim is to
economize power.
 The LCD is used do display the output voltage at the
load or battery
 we will have power during power cuts and faults also.

17. Advantages
 No green house gases.
 Decentralization of power or being self-reliant .
 Solar energy avoids politics and price volatility (no tension of
current bills).
 Saving eco-systems and livelihoods (no use of raw materials).
 Supplying additional power to grid may be paid.
 The whole system is rugged so carefree and maintenance free life
(solar panels have 30 -40 years warranty and piezo devices are very
tough).
 Other advantages of piezo devices are condition , structural health ,
data monitoring and transmission , product monitoring such as
sensors in machines.

18. conclusion
 The project “
” is successfully tested and implemented which is the best
economical, affordable energy solution to common people.
 This can be used for many applications in rural areas where power
availability is less or totally absence.
 As India is a developing country where energy management is a big
challenge for huge population. By using this project we can drive
both A.C. as well as D.C loads according to the force we applied on
the piezo electric sensor.
 By observing India large population and crowded places, and also
with above 300 sunny days an year this project would be a perfect
solution to clear india’s energy deficit.

19. References JoaqunGutirrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra Nieto- Garibay, And
Miguel ngelPorta-Gndara, ”Automated Irrigation System Using A Wireless
Sensor Network And Gprs Module”, Ieee Transactions On Instrumentation And
Measurement, Vol. 63, No. 1, January 2014.
 Vimal.P, Priyanka.V, Rajyasree.M, SanthiyaDevi.P.T, Jagadeeshraja.M,
SuthanthiraVanitha.N,”A Novel Approach for Automatic Irrigation and
Fertigation Using Embedded System,” International Journal of VLSI and
Embedded Systems-IjvesVol 05, Article 03257; March 2014.
 LiaiGao, Meng Zhang, GengChen,”An Intelligent Irrigation System Based On
Wireless Sensor Network and Fuzzy Control, “Journal of Networks, Vol. 8, No.
5, May 2013.
 Orazio Mirabella, Senior Member, IEEE, and Michele Brischetto,”A Hybrid
Wired/Wireless Networking Infrastructure For Greenhouse
Management,” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
Measurement, Vol. 60, No. 2, February 2011.
 Vimal.P, Priyanka.V, Rajyasree.M, SanthiyaDevi.P.T, Jagadeeshraja.M,
SuthanthiraVanitha.N,”A Novel Approach for Automatic Irrigation and
Fertigation Using Embedded System,” International Journal of VLSI and
Embedded Systems-IjvesVol 05, Article 03257; March 2014.

20. Web References
 http://www.garmin.com/products/gps35
 http://www.alldatasheet.com
 http://www.mathworks.com
 http://www.national.com/ds/LM/LM35.pdf
 http://www.nxp.com/documents/user_manual/UM101
39.pdf