This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years, research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
In a world where environment protection and energy conversion are growing concerns,the development of solar vehicle has taken on an accele ration pace. The dream of having commercially viable solar vehicle is becoming a rea lity. EV�s are gradually available in the market. This opportunity is taken towards design an d development of Solar two wheeler. Solar vehicle is a multi-disciplinary subject which covers broad and complex aspects. However,it has core technologies,namely propulsio n technology,energy source technology,storage and control technology. As energy source s olar panel is used and developed voltage is stored in battery and used for the drive the hub motor which is used as rare wheel of the vehicle.
Free Powered Electric Vehicle_Designed by Pranav NavathePranavNavathe
In today’s world the rapid growth in automobile industry requested most accurate and high
performable vehicles, with pollution free and low cost in operation. The project free powered electric
vehicle is an automobile which works on the principle of generating electricity with the help of
synchronous electric motor and generator with attached fly wheel, boosting circuit which acts as a
free powering machine by restoring waste mechanical energy into useful electric work. This device
consists of one electric motor and generator with attached fly wheel in centre so that it connected
with motor and generator with belt pulleys. When an mechanical input is given to the generator with
help of stator its produces electricity later which is passed to motor as input so, motor rotates the
attached flywheel then the stored kinetic energy in the flywheel is utilized to multiply the rotations of
generator shaft to produce electricity with little effort on motor in this way cycle repeated and from
produced electricity some amount of electricity taken as output which is used for charging batteries,
accessories of the electric vehicle. Such that vehicle is propelled.
In a world where environment protection and energy conversion are growing concerns,the development of solar vehicle has taken on an accele ration pace. The dream of having commercially viable solar vehicle is becoming a rea lity. EV�s are gradually available in the market. This opportunity is taken towards design an d development of Solar two wheeler. Solar vehicle is a multi-disciplinary subject which covers broad and complex aspects. However,it has core technologies,namely propulsio n technology,energy source technology,storage and control technology. As energy source s olar panel is used and developed voltage is stored in battery and used for the drive the hub motor which is used as rare wheel of the vehicle.
Free Powered Electric Vehicle_Designed by Pranav NavathePranavNavathe
In today’s world the rapid growth in automobile industry requested most accurate and high
performable vehicles, with pollution free and low cost in operation. The project free powered electric
vehicle is an automobile which works on the principle of generating electricity with the help of
synchronous electric motor and generator with attached fly wheel, boosting circuit which acts as a
free powering machine by restoring waste mechanical energy into useful electric work. This device
consists of one electric motor and generator with attached fly wheel in centre so that it connected
with motor and generator with belt pulleys. When an mechanical input is given to the generator with
help of stator its produces electricity later which is passed to motor as input so, motor rotates the
attached flywheel then the stored kinetic energy in the flywheel is utilized to multiply the rotations of
generator shaft to produce electricity with little effort on motor in this way cycle repeated and from
produced electricity some amount of electricity taken as output which is used for charging batteries,
accessories of the electric vehicle. Such that vehicle is propelled.
Solar Panel Installation And Maintenance PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
World is moving towards a sustainable future and renewable energy is playing a vital role in achieving that goal. There are various sources of renewable energy but solar energy is dominant when it comes to meet both industrial and residential energy demand at low cost. This presentation will benefit the manufacturing organization that wants to optimize their energy consumption and electricity bill cost by shifting to solar energy. The presentation includes sections namely energy consumption analysis that will help the firm in defining its current electricity composition by resource, its daily, monthly and annual energy utilization rate, share of electricity demand in current year, energy star rating of current appliances and machineries and monthly electricity bill of the plant. Issues we are currently facing section will highlight the current challenges faced by the manufacturer in terms of machine downtime, energy consumption and Co2 emission. Firm can illustrate various solution along with their cost overview to counter their current challenges with help of Available solutions to counter energy issues section. Solar system overview section will help the firm in providing overview about solar system types and its applications along with system workflow. Permission and regulatory key considerations section will help the manufacturer to describe the essential permission and regulatory key consideration required for solar system installation. Manufacturer can provide detailed specification about the project, it objective and expected outcomes with the help of Project description and specifications section. Manufacturer can ensure the best quality of solar panels, mounting structure and inverter with decision making checklist for solar project section. Estimated cost of solar project section will shed a light on total cost required to install solar system. Implementation schedule will help the firm in illustrating the different stages to install solar system. Maintenance plan and schedule section will help the organization in maintaining the solar panel and inverter health. Manufacturer can portrays the stats of plant capacity per annum and electricity bill saving with impact on performance section. Risk and mitigation strategies section will help the manufacturer in illustrating possible risk that may occur during solar system installation and right measures to overcome them. Company can portray possible challenges that may arise while opting for solar energy and solution to overcome them with the help of barriers and solutions for solar energy application section. Finally, performance tracking dashboard will help the manufacturer in tracking plant electricity consumption, solar production and export to grid. https://bit.ly/2MP2gfF
Design, analysis and development of special purpose machine to carry heavy lo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the olden days very complicated thing is in the industry is to carry heavy loaded components and lifting from one place to another place, human effort needs lots of energy and it takes more time for same work, there are many huge and large amount of load lifting machine available, in that first started with gantry hoist and gantry cranes with which they carry heavy loads from one place to other, it works so far by the time but it can operate only in open place, in small scale industries it can’t work, during the period the need is new machine which works in small scale industries with good time, the changing the generation with the new technology industries are planned to develop the special purpose machine which is used to lift the heavy loads. Structural analysis of the “Gantry Structure” has been carried out to find the mechanical response of the structure, subjected to applied loads and boundary conditions. The results include deformed shape of the structure, displacements at required locations. Modal analysis done for checking the model, Gravity Loading Applied for different position and checked for the deformation of Solid Beam for different position. Optimization is done to reduce the cost of the structure. The response of the structure got by structural analysis using MSC Nastran.
Keywords: Gantry, Types of gantry, Structural analysis, optimization, modal analysis, HyperMesh, NASTRAN.
Energy Management System in Electric Vehicle with PV Fed SRM SystemIJMTST Journal
This project presents the switched reluctance motor (SRM) with hybrid renewable system. Switched
Reluctance Motors (SRM) has a wide range of industrial applications because of their advantages over
conventional AC/DC Drives. This is due to simple construction, ruggedness and inexpensive manufacturing
potential. Various methods have used and applied to control SRM speed generally, the PV-fed EV has a
similar structure to the hybrid electrical vehicle, whose internal combustion engine(ICE) is replaced by the
hybrid system. A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy
sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply.
The PV has different characteristics to ICEs, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and solar energy
utilization are the unique factors for the PV-fed EVs. This matter is done by applying the proposed system to
a multi-objective function including both speed error and torque ripple. This controller is implemented for an
8/6, 4-kW SRM. In this paper to coordinate the PV panel, SRM and battery. Hybrid renewables applied in
Energy storage like battery technologies, superconducting magnetic energy, capacitors, compressed air and
pumped storage, seems to be an alternative method that the operator of an electrical power grid can use to
adapt energy production to energy consumption, both of which can vary randomly over time. The simulation
results confirm excellent dynamic performance, reduced torque ripple and current oscillation can be achieved
by using ANFIS
Design and simulation of stand alone integrated renewable energy system for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Present day guided weapon systems, especially tactical class missiles use RF seeker, for target tracking towards terminal engagement. The seeker system including its antenna assembly will be onboard the missile. Due to the missile trajectory corrections, the seeker antenna pointing to the target may get disturbed resulting in track loss. To avoid this track loss, it becomes necessary to stabilize the antenna system in two planes. The fundamental role of stabilization loop in seeker application is to precisely follow the angular rate of the target. In order to achieve this requirement, it is essential to highly isolate the gimbaled antenna from the missile body motion due to the maneuvering of target or low frequency vibration during flight. However, the isolation ratio and stability margin of stabilization loop adopting the gimbaled platform with both low stiffness and heavy inertia are limited by mechanical characteristic such as low resonance frequency and its high magnitude. The selection of proper feedback sensors, modeling of the total system are key features of this project. In the end, the performance and the stability of designed stabilization loop are demonstrated using simulation in both frequency and time domain. The Hardware for the system is under realization by the Industry. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB off-line for this project.
Keywords: Missile, RF seeker, Track loss, Stabilization loop, Angular Rate Command, Bore-Sight Error, Maneuvering and Gimbaled Platform.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
TESTING OF SOLAR-DIESEL HYBRID POWER PLANT BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEMSIAEME Publication
The development of power generation capacity requires a parallel and
interconnected work system with one another. However for different plants requires a
hybrid system. This is a solution for remote areas that still use Genset / PLTD as a
source of electrical energy to serve consumers / load
This study aims to examine the charging current of a solar energy hybrid
generator with a Genset / Diesel and the time used to fill the accumulator in
conditions without load and load conditions. The results showed that the solar energy
hybrid generator and Genset / Diesel prototypes were able to produce electrical
power at 08.00 - 17.00 in the average sunny weather of 290.7 Wp without loading and
at the time of load of 236.4 Wp. At night, the energy stored in the battery is converted
into electrical energy to supply the load. Thus it can save electrical energy.
Solar Panel Installation And Maintenance PowerPoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
World is moving towards a sustainable future and renewable energy is playing a vital role in achieving that goal. There are various sources of renewable energy but solar energy is dominant when it comes to meet both industrial and residential energy demand at low cost. This presentation will benefit the manufacturing organization that wants to optimize their energy consumption and electricity bill cost by shifting to solar energy. The presentation includes sections namely energy consumption analysis that will help the firm in defining its current electricity composition by resource, its daily, monthly and annual energy utilization rate, share of electricity demand in current year, energy star rating of current appliances and machineries and monthly electricity bill of the plant. Issues we are currently facing section will highlight the current challenges faced by the manufacturer in terms of machine downtime, energy consumption and Co2 emission. Firm can illustrate various solution along with their cost overview to counter their current challenges with help of Available solutions to counter energy issues section. Solar system overview section will help the firm in providing overview about solar system types and its applications along with system workflow. Permission and regulatory key considerations section will help the manufacturer to describe the essential permission and regulatory key consideration required for solar system installation. Manufacturer can provide detailed specification about the project, it objective and expected outcomes with the help of Project description and specifications section. Manufacturer can ensure the best quality of solar panels, mounting structure and inverter with decision making checklist for solar project section. Estimated cost of solar project section will shed a light on total cost required to install solar system. Implementation schedule will help the firm in illustrating the different stages to install solar system. Maintenance plan and schedule section will help the organization in maintaining the solar panel and inverter health. Manufacturer can portrays the stats of plant capacity per annum and electricity bill saving with impact on performance section. Risk and mitigation strategies section will help the manufacturer in illustrating possible risk that may occur during solar system installation and right measures to overcome them. Company can portray possible challenges that may arise while opting for solar energy and solution to overcome them with the help of barriers and solutions for solar energy application section. Finally, performance tracking dashboard will help the manufacturer in tracking plant electricity consumption, solar production and export to grid. https://bit.ly/2MP2gfF
Design, analysis and development of special purpose machine to carry heavy lo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In the olden days very complicated thing is in the industry is to carry heavy loaded components and lifting from one place to another place, human effort needs lots of energy and it takes more time for same work, there are many huge and large amount of load lifting machine available, in that first started with gantry hoist and gantry cranes with which they carry heavy loads from one place to other, it works so far by the time but it can operate only in open place, in small scale industries it can’t work, during the period the need is new machine which works in small scale industries with good time, the changing the generation with the new technology industries are planned to develop the special purpose machine which is used to lift the heavy loads. Structural analysis of the “Gantry Structure” has been carried out to find the mechanical response of the structure, subjected to applied loads and boundary conditions. The results include deformed shape of the structure, displacements at required locations. Modal analysis done for checking the model, Gravity Loading Applied for different position and checked for the deformation of Solid Beam for different position. Optimization is done to reduce the cost of the structure. The response of the structure got by structural analysis using MSC Nastran.
Keywords: Gantry, Types of gantry, Structural analysis, optimization, modal analysis, HyperMesh, NASTRAN.
Energy Management System in Electric Vehicle with PV Fed SRM SystemIJMTST Journal
This project presents the switched reluctance motor (SRM) with hybrid renewable system. Switched
Reluctance Motors (SRM) has a wide range of industrial applications because of their advantages over
conventional AC/DC Drives. This is due to simple construction, ruggedness and inexpensive manufacturing
potential. Various methods have used and applied to control SRM speed generally, the PV-fed EV has a
similar structure to the hybrid electrical vehicle, whose internal combustion engine(ICE) is replaced by the
hybrid system. A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy
sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply.
The PV has different characteristics to ICEs, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and solar energy
utilization are the unique factors for the PV-fed EVs. This matter is done by applying the proposed system to
a multi-objective function including both speed error and torque ripple. This controller is implemented for an
8/6, 4-kW SRM. In this paper to coordinate the PV panel, SRM and battery. Hybrid renewables applied in
Energy storage like battery technologies, superconducting magnetic energy, capacitors, compressed air and
pumped storage, seems to be an alternative method that the operator of an electrical power grid can use to
adapt energy production to energy consumption, both of which can vary randomly over time. The simulation
results confirm excellent dynamic performance, reduced torque ripple and current oscillation can be achieved
by using ANFIS
Design and simulation of stand alone integrated renewable energy system for r...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Present day guided weapon systems, especially tactical class missiles use RF seeker, for target tracking towards terminal engagement. The seeker system including its antenna assembly will be onboard the missile. Due to the missile trajectory corrections, the seeker antenna pointing to the target may get disturbed resulting in track loss. To avoid this track loss, it becomes necessary to stabilize the antenna system in two planes. The fundamental role of stabilization loop in seeker application is to precisely follow the angular rate of the target. In order to achieve this requirement, it is essential to highly isolate the gimbaled antenna from the missile body motion due to the maneuvering of target or low frequency vibration during flight. However, the isolation ratio and stability margin of stabilization loop adopting the gimbaled platform with both low stiffness and heavy inertia are limited by mechanical characteristic such as low resonance frequency and its high magnitude. The selection of proper feedback sensors, modeling of the total system are key features of this project. In the end, the performance and the stability of designed stabilization loop are demonstrated using simulation in both frequency and time domain. The Hardware for the system is under realization by the Industry. The whole scheme is simulated in MATLAB off-line for this project.
Keywords: Missile, RF seeker, Track loss, Stabilization loop, Angular Rate Command, Bore-Sight Error, Maneuvering and Gimbaled Platform.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The significance of the solar energy is to intensify the effectiveness of the Solar Panel with the use of a primordial solar tracking system. Here we propounded a solar positioning system with the use of the global positioning system (GPS) , artificial neural network (ANN) and image processing (IP) . The azimuth angle of the sun is evaluated using GPS which provide latitude, date, longitude and time. The image processing used to find sun image through which centroid of sun is calculated and finally by comparing the centroid of sun with GPS quadrate to achieve optimum tracking point. Weather conditions and situation observed through AI decision making with the help of IP algorithms. The presented advance adaptation is analyzed and established via experimental effects which might be made available on the memory of the cloud carrier for systematization. The proposed system improve power gain by 59.21% and 10.32% compare to stable system (SS) and two-axis solar following system (TASF) respectively. The reduced tracking error of IoT based Two-axis solar following system (IoT-TASF) reduces their azimuth angle error by 0.20 degree.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
TESTING OF SOLAR-DIESEL HYBRID POWER PLANT BATTERY CHARGING SYSTEMSIAEME Publication
The development of power generation capacity requires a parallel and
interconnected work system with one another. However for different plants requires a
hybrid system. This is a solution for remote areas that still use Genset / PLTD as a
source of electrical energy to serve consumers / load
This study aims to examine the charging current of a solar energy hybrid
generator with a Genset / Diesel and the time used to fill the accumulator in
conditions without load and load conditions. The results showed that the solar energy
hybrid generator and Genset / Diesel prototypes were able to produce electrical
power at 08.00 - 17.00 in the average sunny weather of 290.7 Wp without loading and
at the time of load of 236.4 Wp. At night, the energy stored in the battery is converted
into electrical energy to supply the load. Thus it can save electrical energy.
Design and Fabrication of Regenerative Braking in EVvivatechijri
Charging has always been an issue in electrical vehicles. In this project, the kinetic energy is
transmitted in the brakes through drive train and is directed by a mechanical system to the potential store during
deceleration. That energy is held until required to the vehicle, wherein it is transformed back into energy and
stored in the battery of the vehicle. The amount of the power available for conservation varies depending on the
type of storage, drivetrain efficiency, and drive cycle and inertia weight. When a normal vehicle applies its brake,
its kinetic energy is transformed to heat because of friction between wheels and brake pad. This heat passes
through the air and the energy is wasted. The total energy lost in this way depends on how often, long and hard
the brake is being applied. An energy conversion action in which a part of the energy of the vehicle is stored by a
battery or storage device is known as regenerative braking. Driving within a city involves more braking
representing a high loss of energy with the opportunity for savings in energy. In the case of public transport
vehicles such as local trains, buses, taxis, delivery vehicles there is even more potential for energy to be
regenerated
Solar and Wind Powered Hybrid Energy Vehiclekushaal hn
The wind and solar powered car has high efficiency and is a maintenance free vehicle. The car works on the concept of charging and discharging of the battery on board. When the vehicle runs the motor consumes power from the battery and after certain kilometers, it needs to be recharged. In this car, power is generated from wind turbines and the solar modules and are directed to the battery for the charging. The battery is recharged on board and the car doesn’t need to be standby for charging. To conserve the energy and to utilize it at best we are designing a vehicle which will run on the battery which will get charged by free energy sources. Then as per the requirement, we connected the solar panel and wind energy generator motor
Analysis of Triwheeler for Handicapped PersonIJERA Editor
Solar plays a vital role in day to day life. In this project we have discussed that how solar tri-wheeler will help to reduce the eff ort of handicapped person. All the designs specification considered after analyzing the problems from the handicapped person. Comfort of the person in the tri-wheeler is an important and we have given importance to it. The main content of the tri-wheeler is Solar PV panel, Brushless PMDC motor, Charge controller and battery. In this project we have discuss about the main idea of this project and to get a larger picture on what is the problem in the current technologies, what that we want to achieve in this project and the area that will cover on this project. This project is divided into some categories that are project background to describe the reasons to do this project, problem statement to inform about the problem or weakness of the existing technology, objective to make sure what actually this project must achieve and scope of this project to specify what will be used in this project. In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its depletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be bridged by this technology. The electrical power is used to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle, better performance and it cause less pollution. Driving mode selectivity improves this system more economical, stable and more efficient..
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of SupercapacitorsYogeshIJTSRD
In recent years, the demand for electric EV has increased drastically because of the rising pollution from emissions into the atmosphere in recent years. EV’s have simpler architecture, lower noise levels, better stability, and, most significantly, they safeguard the environment. Rapidly increasing population, energy consumption, and the need to reduce emissions through the conventional vehicle have motivated researchers to study the electric hybrid vehicles EHVs . In normal scenario in INDIA in electric vehicles like E cabs and E cars conventional battery is used and the real drawback of conventional batteries is that it drained out fast when used with full capacity and rechargeable is time significantly high usually 7 to 8 hours. A large number of methods have already been already proposed by various researchers that can solve the problem, however, these systems were not efficient enough for draining out the charging in EV. In order to overcome the limitation rapid discharge and slow recharge supercapacitors can be very significant solution of this problems. Using of solar panel is precure our environment which can be most important thing in this developing and growing world the use of solar in vehicle and using electric cars can be safeguard of our society and we can be free from using petroleum fuels which are limited and world can be made safer for our upcoming generations. supercapacitor used as additional energy storage for hybrid wind and photovoltaic system. It charges energy when it is windy or sunny and discharges when there is no power generated from photovoltaic or wind due to the sudden passing clouds disturbance or very low wind speed. Hence, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the supercapacitor and determine these different electric models. Satya Veer Singh | Poonam Kumari "Hybrid Electric Vehicle Charging by Solar Panel using of Supercapacitors" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45037.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45037/hybrid-electric-vehicle-charging-by-solar-panel-using-of-supercapacitors/satya-veer-singh
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicle
1. www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 62
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL ON
ADVANCED SCIENCE HUB (IRJASH)
e-ISSN: 2582-4376
Open Access
Available online at www.rspsciencehub.com
RSP SCIENCE HUB
(The Hub of Research Ideas)
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicle
N.S.Sivakumar1
, V.M.M.Thilak2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
2
Assistant Professor (Sr. Gr), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nehru Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
1
sivakumar.ns@Ishik.edu.iq,2
vmmthilak@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static
conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol
cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution
in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce
global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years,
research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is
originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and
electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end
of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
Development of a Three-wheeled Motor car
Micro-Hybrid System as mentioned below.[1,2]
The future of cars seems to be the hybridization of
various energy sources in the current state of
technical development. The Configuration of
transmission line shown in Fig.1. This type of
vehicle development aims to take advantage of the
best quality of each energy resource and is
particularly useful in urban driving. Auto
rickshaws, which produce huge variability of air
pollution as well as greenhouse gases such as co2,
is one of the major transport modes in cities of
India. Fuel, which is used, is a non-renewable
source and also which costs high as a result of that
transportation charges increases. It would also
affect the economy as well as the users of the auto
rickshaw. Thus they should go for a reliable source
as know that current trend of using the reliable
source like solar which is available in plenty in
country like India, adopted solar energy as the
additional sources in addition to the conventional
IC engines. You can convert light energy as
electricity, which is fed into the DC motor for a
mechanical motion using the solar panel, control
unit and DC motor set-up. In the propeller shaft,
the mechanical motion was transferred to the rolls
via a chain speed drive which results in low cost
and efficient transmission. [3,4] Finally, with the
help of the modified transmission system a
rickshaw concept was developed.
Fig.1. Configuration of transmission line
2. www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 63
Design Methodology of Energy Storage Systems
for a Small Electric Vehicle' this paper has brief
study of how this hybrid solar car is efficient in
our daily life because now day's pollution and fuel
rate is very big problem many people having
petrol cars. Use of solar energy is being used for
vehicles, besides the control of vehicular pollution
in the city, less consumption of fuel,[5,6] hybrid
solar car are effective educing global warming and
environment problem in big frame. Over the last
10 year, a larger amount of solar car, hybrid solar
car and electric operated car research has been
carried out, which is originating from several
independent developments that all resulted in the
idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car.
These are three main innovations.
2. COMPONENTS OF THE VEHICLE
2.1. Solar panel
Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb
the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating
electricity or heating.
Fig.2. Block diagram of circuit design
A photovoltaic module (in short PV) is the
packaged connected assembly of 6×10 solar cells.
Solar photovoltaic panels comprise solar panels
for the manufacture and supply of solar energy for
photovoltaic systems for both commercial and
residential applications. Block diagram of circuit
diagram shown in Fig.2.Each module has its DC
power rating, which typically ranges from 100 to
365 watts, with standard test conditions. The
efficiency of a module determines the area of a
module with the same rated output–an 8%
efficient 230 watt module with a 16% efficient
230 Watt module is double the area. A few solar
panels have an efficiency of over 19 percent. Only
a limited amount of power can be produced by
one solar module, most systems contain a number
of modules. Usually, a solar panel or board, a
solar inverter, or sometimes a battery and/or solar
monitor, or connecting cable is included in a
photovoltaic system. Solar panel efficiencies can
be determined by the solar panel MPP price. Solar
inverters convert the DC power to AC power by
performing MPPT process: solar inverter samples
the output Power (I-V curve) from the solar cell
and applies the proper resistance (load) to solar
cells to obtain maximum power. MPP (Maximum
power point) of the solar panel consists of MPP
voltage (V mpp) and MPP current (I mpp): It is a
solar panel capability that can make higher MPPs
with the higher value.
2.2 Battery (lithium-ion polymer battery)
A battery that can be charged, unloaded and
reloaded many times, when a non-recharitable or
primary batteries is supplied fully charged and
discharged, can be used for rehabilitation, battery
storage, or accumulator. It consists of one or more
electrical cells. The term ' accumulator' is used as
a reversible electro-chemical reaction to
accumulate and storage energy.
2.3 Electronic control unit
In automotive electronics, Electronic Control Unit
(ECU) is a generic term for any embedded system
that controls one or more of the electrical system
or subsystems in a motor vehicle. The design of
an ECU requires both software and hardware to
carry out the intended functions of this particular
unit.
2.4 BLDC hub motor
Most electric-powered vehicles (electric cars,
electric bicycles, and wheelchairs) use onboard
batteries and a single, fairly ordinary electric
motor to power either two or four wheels.
Nonetheless, some of the new electric cars and
electric bike operate in another way. They put a
motor directly into the hub of each wheel, so that
motors and wheels are one and the same thing,
rather than having an engine driving all the wheels
using gears or chains. The Specification of motor
is used as mention below.
Motor type: BLDC hub motor
Power: 360 watts
Voltage:48 volts
Speed :600 rpm
Torque :5.5 N-m
Weight:8 kg
3. www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 64
3. INFLUENCE OF MOTOR CAPACITY
AND RATING
Key criteria for selecting a DC motor includes
first finding out voltage is readily available for the
application and physical size of the motor needs to
be. Speed and torque can then be considered
parameters are determined. The input
Current=7.5amps and Voltage=48v.
a)INPUT POWER, (IP)
IP = voltage x current (1)
= 48*7.5
= 360watt
b) TORQUE, (T)
T = Input Power / Angular Velocity (2)
= (360 x 60)/ (2 x 3.14 x 600)
= 5.729Nm
a) RUNNING SPEED, (V)
V = 2 x π x Radius of wheel x max speed x
(60/1000) (3)
= 2 x π x 0.2 x 600 x (60/1000)
V = 45.216 km/hr
c) OUTPUT POWER, (OP)
OP = (2 x 3.14 x N x T)/60 (4)
= (2 x 3.14 x 5.729 x 600)/60
=359.78watts
4. TESTING AND VALIDATION
Comprehensive FMEAs and other failure analysis
by suppliers are performed in the development
cycle, which can lead to volatile conditions or
drivers discomfort. Extensive testing and
validation activities are carried out as part of the
Production part to gain confidence of the
hardware and software. On-board diagnostics or
OBD help provide specific data related to which
system or component failed or caused a failure
during run time and help perform repairs.
Fabrication model shown in Fig.3. Fig.4,Fig5 and
Fig 6 shows the 3D model, Stress analysis and
messing model.
Fig.3. Fabrication model
4. www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 65
Fig.4. 3D model of frame
Fig.5. Stress analysis
Table 1 total no.of nodes & elements
Total Nodes 87518
Total Elements 50666
Maximum Aspect Ratio 16.501
% of elements with Aspect
Ratio < 3
99.4
% of elements with Aspect
Ratio > 10
0.0217
% of distorted
elements(Jacobian)
0
Time to complete
mesh(hh;mm;ss):
00:00:09
Computer name: Frame
Fig.6. Details of meshing
Conclusion
Solar energy is going to be our alternate source of
energy, thus we selected solar energy as another
source. Electric solar vehicles has more
advantages such as renewable source which is of
free of cost, economic advantage like saving fuel,
and preventing tree from deforestation. The
experimental work was carried out using
mathematical relations and designed based on the
results of Input power, (ip) = 360 watts, Torque,
(t) = 5.729Nm, Running speed, (v) = 45.216
km/hr, Output power (op) = 359.78 watts. This
work results highly optimized the performance in
terms of vehicle weight, load distributing to each
members due to both electrical systems and IC
engine. The static simulation is analyzed by solid
works and those results are considered while
model fabrications.
References
[1].Hofman, T., van der Tas, S. G., Ooms, W.,
van Meijl, E. W. P., & Laugeman, B. M.
(2009). Development of a micro-hybrid
system for a three-wheeled motor taxi.
World Electric Vehicle Journal.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj3030572
[2].Trovao, Joao Pedro & Pereirinha, P.G. &
Jorge, Humberto. (2009). Design
Methodology of Energy Storage Systems
for a Small Electric Vehicle. World
Electric Vehicle Journal.
10.3390/wevj3040670.
[3].Kim, C. H., & Lee, K. M. (2009).
Analytical study on the performance
analysis of power train system of an
electric vehicle. World Electric Vehicle
Journal.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj3040830
[4].Dyke, K., Schofield, N., & Barnes, M.
(2009). Analysis of electric vehicles on
utility networks. World Electric Vehicle
Journal.https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj30407
47
[5].Lan, H., Wen, S., Hong, Y. Y., Yu, D. C.,
& Zhang, L. (2015). Optimal sizing of
hybrid PV/diesel/battery in ship power
system. Applied Energy.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08
.031
5. www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 66
[6].Vezzini, A., Sharan, H., & Umanand, L.
(2005). Low-pollution three-wheeler
autorickshaw with power-assist series
hybrid and novel variable DC-link voltage
system. Journal of the Indian Institute of
Science.
![www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 62
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL ON
ADVANCED SCIENCE HUB (IRJASH)
e-ISSN: 2582-4376
Open Access
Available online at www.rspsciencehub.com
RSP SCIENCE HUB
(The Hub of Research Ideas)
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicle
N.S.Sivakumar1
, V.M.M.Thilak2
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
2
Assistant Professor (Sr. Gr), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nehru Institute of Engineering and
Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
1
sivakumar.ns@Ishik.edu.iq,2
vmmthilak@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static
conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol
cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution
in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce
global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years,
research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is
originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and
electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end
of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
1. INTRODUCTION
Development of a Three-wheeled Motor car
Micro-Hybrid System as mentioned below.[1,2]
The future of cars seems to be the hybridization of
various energy sources in the current state of
technical development. The Configuration of
transmission line shown in Fig.1. This type of
vehicle development aims to take advantage of the
best quality of each energy resource and is
particularly useful in urban driving. Auto
rickshaws, which produce huge variability of air
pollution as well as greenhouse gases such as co2,
is one of the major transport modes in cities of
India. Fuel, which is used, is a non-renewable
source and also which costs high as a result of that
transportation charges increases. It would also
affect the economy as well as the users of the auto
rickshaw. Thus they should go for a reliable source
as know that current trend of using the reliable
source like solar which is available in plenty in
country like India, adopted solar energy as the
additional sources in addition to the conventional
IC engines. You can convert light energy as
electricity, which is fed into the DC motor for a
mechanical motion using the solar panel, control
unit and DC motor set-up. In the propeller shaft,
the mechanical motion was transferred to the rolls
via a chain speed drive which results in low cost
and efficient transmission. [3,4] Finally, with the
help of the modified transmission system a
rickshaw concept was developed.
Fig.1. Configuration of transmission line](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/jash010110-191219111252/85/Optimal-design-and-static-simulation-of-a-hybrid-solar-vehicle-1-320.jpg)
![www.rspsciencehub.com Volume 01 Issue 01 May 2019 e-ISSN: 2582-4376
International Research Journal on Advanced Science Hub (IRJASH) (online) 63
Design Methodology of Energy Storage Systems
for a Small Electric Vehicle' this paper has brief
study of how this hybrid solar car is efficient in
our daily life because now day's pollution and fuel
rate is very big problem many people having
petrol cars. Use of solar energy is being used for
vehicles, besides the control of vehicular pollution
in the city, less consumption of fuel,[5,6] hybrid
solar car are effective educing global warming and
environment problem in big frame. Over the last
10 year, a larger amount of solar car, hybrid solar
car and electric operated car research has been
carried out, which is originating from several
independent developments that all resulted in the
idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car.
These are three main innovations.
2. COMPONENTS OF THE VEHICLE
2.1. Solar panel
Solar panel refers to a panel designed to absorb
the sun's rays as a source of energy for generating
electricity or heating.
Fig.2. Block diagram of circuit design
A photovoltaic module (in short PV) is the
packaged connected assembly of 6×10 solar cells.
Solar photovoltaic panels comprise solar panels
for the manufacture and supply of solar energy for
photovoltaic systems for both commercial and
residential applications. Block diagram of circuit
diagram shown in Fig.2.Each module has its DC
power rating, which typically ranges from 100 to
365 watts, with standard test conditions. The
efficiency of a module determines the area of a
module with the same rated output–an 8%
efficient 230 watt module with a 16% efficient
230 Watt module is double the area. A few solar
panels have an efficiency of over 19 percent. Only
a limited amount of power can be produced by
one solar module, most systems contain a number
of modules. Usually, a solar panel or board, a
solar inverter, or sometimes a battery and/or solar
monitor, or connecting cable is included in a
photovoltaic system. Solar panel efficiencies can
be determined by the solar panel MPP price. Solar
inverters convert the DC power to AC power by
performing MPPT process: solar inverter samples
the output Power (I-V curve) from the solar cell
and applies the proper resistance (load) to solar
cells to obtain maximum power. MPP (Maximum
power point) of the solar panel consists of MPP
voltage (V mpp) and MPP current (I mpp): It is a
solar panel capability that can make higher MPPs
with the higher value.
2.2 Battery (lithium-ion polymer battery)
A battery that can be charged, unloaded and
reloaded many times, when a non-recharitable or
primary batteries is supplied fully charged and
discharged, can be used for rehabilitation, battery
storage, or accumulator. It consists of one or more
electrical cells. The term ' accumulator' is used as
a reversible electro-chemical reaction to
accumulate and storage energy.
2.3 Electronic control unit
In automotive electronics, Electronic Control Unit
(ECU) is a generic term for any embedded system
that controls one or more of the electrical system
or subsystems in a motor vehicle. The design of
an ECU requires both software and hardware to
carry out the intended functions of this particular
unit.
2.4 BLDC hub motor
Most electric-powered vehicles (electric cars,
electric bicycles, and wheelchairs) use onboard
batteries and a single, fairly ordinary electric
motor to power either two or four wheels.
Nonetheless, some of the new electric cars and
electric bike operate in another way. They put a
motor directly into the hub of each wheel, so that
motors and wheels are one and the same thing,
rather than having an engine driving all the wheels
using gears or chains. The Specification of motor
is used as mention below.
Motor type: BLDC hub motor
Power: 360 watts
Voltage:48 volts
Speed :600 rpm
Torque :5.5 N-m
Weight:8 kg](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)