For video lesson please click the link below: https://youtu.be/HisBb_aTExw Prajnaparamita Bhowmik Email: prajnabhowmik@gmail.com WhatsApp No. +91 9735887221 In this lesson, I have discussed, whats is modal verb, its types and how to use them in correct situations. Categorisation of modal verbs based on degree of certainty, probability and obligation have been discussed with lots of examples. To watch the series of videos about parts of speech and verb, please click the link below, https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjDUlfsgO1KbPwCElbsVMbGT To watch the series of videos about tenses in english grammar, please click the link below, https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8-qDf33uOjDUk6FvsvhuAoGPik9qgOOs

1. Verbs
auxiliary verbs
&
modal auxiliary
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2. The need for auxiliary
• Questioning
• Negation
• Time
• Completion
• Continuation
• repetition
• Willingness
• Possibility
• Obligation
We use auxiliary verb to add meaning
to the verb phrase :

3. Types of auxiliary verb
Modals
auxiliary
Primary verbs
Can act only as auxiliary verb.
Can act either as main verb or
auxiliary verb.
She can eat a large pizza.
She has a pizza for her lunch.
She has eaten a pizza.

4. Primary verb
be, have, do
Used both as a main verb and
auxiliary verb
Is it raining? I have finished my work. She doesn’t want to stay.
She is my cousin.
We don’t have any
money.
What have you been
doing today?
Auxiliary be Auxiliary have Auxiliary do
Main verb Main verb Main verb

5. Modal auxiliary verb
She may know his address.
Can you swim?
No –s ending
Questions, negative, etc
without do
Grammar
NOT: She mays…….
NOT: Do you can swim?
No infinitive,participle or
past form and –ing form
To may, maying, mayed etc_never used.

6. Modal auxiliaries
Used with other verb to add various
meanings mostly to do with degrees
of certainty or obligations.
can may must
shoul
d
would
could might shall will

7. Modals verb
We will be there around 7.30.
Degree of certainty
I must go there.
obligation Semi-modals
Semi-modal verbs have meanings
related to the main modal verb.
dare, need, used to, ought to

8. Degree of certainty
We use degree of certainty in the
following situations.
a. Certain
b. Probable/Possibility
c. Weak probability
d. Habitual possibility
e. Conditional possibility
Modal used such as shall, will, would, must, should, ought to, may, might,
can, could

9. a. Complete certainty
(possitive or negative)
Shall, shall not, will, would, wouldn’t,
can, can’t, couldn’t, must
I shall be away tomorrow.
I shall not be late tomorrow.
Things will be all right.
They knelt in front of a child who would one day rule all England.
I told you, you won’t be ready in time.
You must be tired.
That can’t be John – he’s in Dublin.
I knew it couldn’t be John.

10. b. Probability/Possibility
Should/ought to, may
She should / ought to be here soon.
We may be buying a new car.
c. Weak probability
Might, could
We could all be millionaires one day.It might rain today.

11. d. Habitual possibility
Can be, may have
New England can be warm in September.
They may have difficulty to reach there.
e. Conditional possibility
Would, could, might
If you stop criticizing I might get some
work done.
If John came we could all go home.
If we had enough time things would be
easy.

12. Obligation and freedom to
act
Strong obligations – must, will, need
Very important in polite expression of
request, suggestions, invitations and
instructions.
Student must register their name within 1st September.
All staff will arrive by 8.30 am.
Need I get a visa for Egypt?

13. Prohibition
Must, may, can
Student must not use mobile in exam.
Books may not be taken out of library.
You can’t come in here

14. Recommendation
Should, might, ought to
You should work harder.
She really ought to wash her hair.
You might see what John thinks.
Absence of obligation
Needn’t
You needn’t work this Saturday.

15. Willingness, insisting, offering
Will, would
I will definitely work harder next time.
I would be highly obliged if you do the
needful.
Permission
Can, may, might
Do you think I might take a break now?
Can I borrow your books?
May I use your phone?

16. Ability
Can
She can speak six languages.
I can swim.

17. For video lesson please copy and
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