The document provides an overview of mobile applications and the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). It discusses the growth of mobile phones and applications. WAP allows access to services like financial information, tickets, bills, and news from mobile devices by optimizing for bandwidth constraints. The WAP architecture includes a WAP gateway and web server. Key WAP protocols include WSP, WTP, WTLS, and WDP. WAP handles device and network limits through techniques like binary encoding, asynchronous requests, and minimizing bandwidth usage. The future of WAP depends on consumer adoption and whether new technologies require different infrastructures.

1. Mobile applications

2. Outline
Introduction
Mobile Services
What is WAP ?
WAP Architecture
WAP Protocols
Demonstration
Conclusion
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3. Introduction
 Mobile Growth 2000 – 2009
• An estimated 4.1 Billion Mobile Phone subscriptions till
2009. By the International telecommunications union (ITU).
•Total subscriptions grew 563 %
 Mobile Application Growth
• Total value of all applications stores was worth 343 million
dollar ; Yankee Group 2009
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4. Mobile Services

5. Imagine.. Anytime, Anywhere you can
 Get financial information
 Order and buy tickets
 Pay your bills
 Read the news
 Read and send e-mails
 Receive your voice-mail
 Get a local guide to restaurants
 Make stock queries
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6. WAP makes it possible!!

7. What is WAP ?
Wireless Application Protocol : RFC 2636
 A set of protocols which allow data exchange for
mobile cellular systems
 The current world standard for the presentation and
delivery of wireless information
 It is device independent
 It is network independent
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8. Current Constraints of
Wireless Interfaces: Mobile Devices:
 Less Bandwidth  Less CPU Power
 High Latency  Less Memory and Storage
 Less Stable Connections  Restricted Power Consumption
 Less Predictable Availability  Small / Variable Sized Displays
 Diverse range of network  Variable Input Types
standards (Keypad, Pen, etc,)
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9. Why use WAP ?
The importance of WAP comes due to the fact that it is promoted, developed and supported by
important names in the world of wireless communications, of Internet, and of finance. In concrete
terms, 90 % producers of equipment of mobile communications are members of the WAP Forum, the
true promoter of standards WAP. Names appearing above constitute a very partial list.
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10. WAP Key Features
Designed to create services Multiple OS like Palm OS,
for small handheld terminals EPOC, Flex OS, Java OS,
OS/9, PocketPC ec.
Designed to minimize
required bandwidth
and impact of latency
Access to telephony
related functionality
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11. WAP Architecture (1/2)
 Any WAP enable system consists of:
 WAP Gateway
 The HTTP Web Server
 and The WAP device (ex any WAP enabled mobile)
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12. WAP Architecture (2/2)
Client Web Server
WAP Gateway
WML
with WML-Script
WML Encoder CGI
WML Decks
WML- Scripts
WSP/WTP WMLScript
HTTP etc.
Script
Compiler
WTAI
Protocol Adapters Content
Etc.
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13. How WAP Works?
1 --WSP Request (URL)
2 --WSP Response (Binary WML)
3 --HTTP Request (URL)
4 --HTTP Response (WML)
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14. Comparison between Internet and WAP Models
Internet Wireless Application Protocol
HTML Wireless Application Other Services and
JavaScript Environment (WAE) Applications
Session Layer (WSP)
HTTP
Transaction Layer (WTP)
TLS - SSL Security Layer (WTLS)
Transport Layer (WDP)
TCP/IP
UDP/IP Bearers:
SMS USSD
GPRS CSD IS-136 CDMA CDPD PDC-P Etc..
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15. WAP Protocols (1/4)
• WSP (Wireless Session Protocol)
– Provides the application layer of WAP with a consistent
interface for two session services.
• A connection-oriented service that operates above the
transaction layer protocol WTP.
• A connectionless service that operates above a secure or
non-secure datagram service (WDP).
Wireless Session Layer (WSP)
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16. WAP Protocols (2/4)
• WTP (Wireless Transaction Protocol)
– Provides efficient request/reply based transport mechanism
suitable for devices with limited resources over networks
with low to medium bandwidth.
• WTP Push mode allows server to “push” data to a client
without request (e.g. notification of stock hitting target price)
• WTP/WDP uses less than half the packets that TCP/IP uses to
transfer the same amount of data.
Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
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17. WAP Protocols (3/4)
• WTLS (Wireless Transport Layer Security)
– A security protocol based upon the industry-standard
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol, formerly known
as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL).
– WTLS is intended for use with the WAP transport protocols
and has been optimized for use over narrow-band
communication channels.
Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
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18. WAP Protocols (4/4)
• WDP (Wireless Datagram Protocol)
– The Transport layer protocol in the WAP architecture
– Provides a common interface to the Security, Session, and
Application layers
– Allows these upper layers to function independently of the
underlying wireless network. This is the key to global
interoperability
Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
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19. How limits are handled ? (1/2)
 Low bandwidth
• WML contents are encoded
• WSP supports long-lived sessions
• WTP designed to minimize number of transactions
 High latency
• Asynchronous request/response model
• Client side programming using WMLScript
• WTA repositories
 Unreliable connection
• WSP supports long-lived sessions to resume efficiently
• Selective retransmission of segments by WTP
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20. How limits are handled ? (2/2)
 Small Display
• Decks and card interface
 Limit input facilities
• Decks and cards makes inter-page navigation easier
 Limited memory & CPU
• Binary encoding of WML contents saves memory
• Limited set of functionality of WMLScript & libraries
 Limited battery power
• Minimizing bandwith needs
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21. Demonstration

22. Conclusion
 With the arrival of mobile 3G, WAP will be in strong usage, and
will become probably a spread and common standard.
Anytime, Anywhere, Any ...
 The future of WAP depends largely on :
• whether consumers decide to use WAP devices to
access the Web,
• and also on whether a new technology comes
along that would require a different infrastructure
than WAP.
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23. Thank You !