UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
UMTS Long Term Evolution, LTE, is the technology of choice for the majority of network operators worldwide for providing mobile
broadband data and high-speed internet access to their subscriber base. Due to the high commitment LTE is the innovation platform
for the wireless industry for the next decade.
This class will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this course you will have an understanding of
OFDM-principles including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO),
a fundamental part of LTE, will be explained as well as its impact on the design of device and network architecture. We’ll give a quick
introduction into the evolution of this technology including future upgrades of LTE features like multimedia broadcast, location based
services and increasing bandwidth through carrier aggregation.
The second part of the course will provide an overview including practical examples and exercises on how to test a LTE-capable device
while performing standardized RF measurements such as power, signal quality, spectrum and receiver sensitivity. We’ll address how
to automate these measurements in a simple and cost-effective way. We will introduce application based testing by demonstrating
end-to-end (E2E), throughput and application testing using the Rohde & Schwarz R&S®CMW500 Wideband Radio Communication
Tester. Examples of application tests are voice over LTE, VoLTE or Video over LTE.
This paper provides a high-level comparison
between LTE and WiMAX. The focus is on two primary areas: System Architecture and Physical Layer. The System Architecture describes the different functional elements in LTE and WiMAX and attempts to map similar functionality (such as mobility, security, access-gateway). We also compare and contrast the various aspects (such as transmission modes, duplexing types) of the physical layer.
We reached a billion connections for the HSPA family in 2012 and Dual-Carrier is becoming the new baseline for HSPA+ operators. So what are the next steps for HSPA+, both in the near and long term? This presentation covers HSPA+’s role in 1000x, the Dual-Carrier evolution and commercial progress, voice enhancements, spectrum innovations, and the future HSPA+ evolution.
For more information please visit www.qualcomm.com/hspa
This seminar will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this seminar you will understand OFDM-principles,
including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO) is a fundamental
part of LTE and its impact on the design of device and network architecture will be explained. Further LTE-related physical layer
aspects such as channel structure and cell search will be presented with an overview of the LTE protocol structure.
The second part of the seminar provides an overview of the evolution in LTE towards 3GPP specification Release 9 and 10. This
includes features and methods for location based services like GNSS support or time delay measurements and the concept of
multimedia broadcast. Finally, we’ll introduce the main features of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release-10) including carrier aggregation for
a larger bandwidth and backbone network aspects like self-organizing networks and relaying concepts.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
Dimensioning and Cost Structure Analysis of Wide Area Data Service Network - ...Laili Aidi
This report contains discussion of the radio access network design and the cost structure analysis of different deployment options of Radio Access Technologies (RATs). The objective is to provide specific amount of user, with specific traffic demand and deployment scenario.
--
Please contact trough lailiaidi at gmail.com for download request
We reached a billion connections for the HSPA family in 2012 and Dual-Carrier is becoming the new baseline for HSPA+ operators. So what are the next steps for HSPA+, both in the near and long term? This presentation covers HSPA+’s role in 1000x, the Dual-Carrier evolution and commercial progress, voice enhancements, spectrum innovations, and the future HSPA+ evolution.
For more information please visit www.qualcomm.com/hspa
This seminar will provide the basics of this fascinating technology. After attending this seminar you will understand OFDM-principles,
including SC-FDMA as the transmission scheme of choice for the LTE uplink. Multiple antenna technology (MIMO) is a fundamental
part of LTE and its impact on the design of device and network architecture will be explained. Further LTE-related physical layer
aspects such as channel structure and cell search will be presented with an overview of the LTE protocol structure.
The second part of the seminar provides an overview of the evolution in LTE towards 3GPP specification Release 9 and 10. This
includes features and methods for location based services like GNSS support or time delay measurements and the concept of
multimedia broadcast. Finally, we’ll introduce the main features of LTE-Advanced (3GPP Release-10) including carrier aggregation for
a larger bandwidth and backbone network aspects like self-organizing networks and relaying concepts.
Convergence of digital information has been initiated a couple decades ago. Practically, almost all networks have now been utilising Internet Protocol. However, networks, applications, and contents managements vary by the nature of service types: IMS, SDP, IPTV, etc. Should another convergence be arranged to unify the management of the entire network for optimal results?
Dimensioning and Cost Structure Analysis of Wide Area Data Service Network - ...Laili Aidi
This report contains discussion of the radio access network design and the cost structure analysis of different deployment options of Radio Access Technologies (RATs). The objective is to provide specific amount of user, with specific traffic demand and deployment scenario.
--
Please contact trough lailiaidi at gmail.com for download request
Quality of Service (QoS) is an important concept in any network which ultimately leads to network efficiency and customer satisfaction. In this PPT, we deal mainly with the Quality of Service aspects relating to Femto Access Point (FAP) of UMTS technology. PPT mainly deals with the Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) implementations.
The project was a study based report on the RAN evolution path of 2.5G EDGE Networks to HSDPA. HSDPA is a 3.5G wireless cellular system, a cost-efficient upgrade to UMTS systems and promises to deliver performance comparable to today’s wireless LAN services, but with the added benefit of mobility and ubiquitous coverage. It can offer data rates of up to 14.4 Mbps which is far beyond what 2.5G and 3G cellular systems could offer. The project focuses on a two-step upgrade, first from GSM towards the deployment of UMTS/WCDMA and then towards HSDPA. It begins a new era of “Mobile broadband” services and faces competition from “WiMAX” – but with GSM services having an obvious upgrade path to WCDMA, HSDPA seems to be leading the market in several parts of the world. HSDPA is an extremely cost-effective path to higher data rates and provides more efficient use of valuable spectrum. It enables operators to compete effectively in increasingly converged markets and satisfy the need for enhanced QoS in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
Trial result HSDPA over IuR. Without this feature, DSCR (Direct Signaling Connection Re-establishment ) will occur when HSDPA user will move to another RNC
Sample-by-sample and block-adaptive robust constant modulus-based algorithmsDr. Ayman Elnashar, PhD
In this study, a robust sample-by-sample linearly constrained constant modulus algorithm (LCCMA) and a robust adaptive block-Shanno constant modulus algorithm (BSCMA) are developed. The well-established quadratic inequality constraint approach is exploited to add robustness to the developed algorithms. The LCCMA algorithm is implemented using a fast steepest descent adaptive algorithm, whereas the BSCMA algorithm is realised using a modified Newton’s algorithm without the inverse of Hessian matrix estimation. The developed algorithms are exercised to cancel the multiple access interference in a loaded direct sequence code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) system. Simulations are presented in a rich multipath environment with a severe near-far effect to evaluate the robustness of the proposed DS/CDMA detectors. Finally, a comprehensive comparative analysis between the sample-by-sample and block-adaptive constant modulus-based detectors is presented. It has been demonstrated that the developed robust BSCMA detector offers rapid convergence speed and very low computational complexity, whereas the developed robust LCCMA detector engenders about 5 dB improvement in the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio over the BSCMA detector.
A novel low computational complexity robust adaptive blind multiuser detector, based on the minimum output energy (MOE) detector with multiple constraints and a quadratic inequality (QI) constraint is developed in this paper. Quadratic constraint has been a widespread approach to improve robustness against mismatch errors, uncertainties in estimating the data covariance matrix, and random perturbations in detector parameters. A diagonal loading technique is compulsory to achieve the quadratic constraint where the diagonal loading level is adjusted to satisfy the constrained value. Integrating the quadratic constraint into recursive algorithms seems to be a moot point since there is no closed-form solution for the diagonal loading term. In this paper, the MOE detector of DS/CDMA system is implemented using a fast recursive steepest descent adaptive algorithm anchored in the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure with multiple constraints and a QI constraint on the adaptive portion of the GSC structure. The Lagrange multiplier method is exploited to solve the QI constraint. An optimal variable loading technique, which is capable of providing robustness against uncertainties and mismatch errors with low computational complexity is adopted. Simulations for several mismatch and random perturbations scenarios are conducted in a rich multipath environment with near–far effect to explore the robustness of the proposed detector.
3. Mobile Broadband
du Fixed network
Services
du WiMAX network
for the Dubai Metro*
du UAE Nationwide
Mobile Network du outdoor Mesh
-WiFi
du Pre-WiMAX Point-to
-Point & Point-to
-MultipointLinks to Site
Offices
du WiFi
Hotspots
* Winner of 2009 most innovative mobility project by Cisco Networkers event
3
5. Broadband downloads 2x data capacity Multicarrier- 2x Multicarrier 20 MHz
and uploads, QoS >2x voice capacity data rates to all enhancements deployments
Rel-99 Rel-5 Rel-6 Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel-9 Beyond Rel-9
(HSDPA) (HSUPA)
WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)
DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps DL: 28 Mbps DL: 42 Mbps1 DL: 84 Mbps2 DL: 100+ Mbps3
UL: 5.7 Mbps UL: 11 Mbps UL: 11 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps2 UL: 23+ Mbps
1R8 will reach 42 Mbps by combining 2x2 MIMO and HOM (64QAM) in 5 MHz, or by utilizing HOM (64QAM) and multicarrier in 10 MHz.
2R9 combines multicarrier and MIMO in 10 MHz to reach 84 Mbps peak rates. Uplink multicarrier double the uplink peak data rate to 23 Mbps.
3Releases beyond R9 may expand multicarrier to 20 MHz and utilize combinations of multicarrier and MIMO to reach data rates exceeding 100 Mbps.
Note: Estimated commercial dates
2009 2010 2011 2012+
Created 06/10/09
Source: QUALCOMM white paper “HSPA+ for Enhanced Mobile Broadband”
5
6. 84M
Single Carrier – 5MHz Dual Carrier – 10MHz
56M
42M 42M
28M 28M
21M
14.4M
HSDPA 64QAM MIMO 64QAM+MIMO DC DC+64QAM DC+MIMO DC+MIMO+64QAM
HSPA+ Improves Peak Rates while providing Higher QoS and Customer Loyalty
6
7. HSDPA 7.2
HSDPA 14.4
Option A Option B Option C
Step 1
HSDPA 21M HSDPA 21M HSDPA 28M
64QAM 64QAM MIMO
Step 2
HSDPA 42M HSDPA 42M HSDPA 42 M
64QAM + DC 64QAM + MIMO 64QAM + MIMO
Step 3
HSDPA 84M
DC + 64QAM + MIMO
Choice depends on available frequency, operator’s strategy and terminal’s maturity.
7
8. Double throughput by using double
streams per User
Only need 1 carrier frequency
28.8Mbps
2x2 MIMO 14.4Mbps
Data stream 1
Data stream 2
R5 HSDPA R7 MIMO
MIMO has better throughput gains close to Node-B & cell centre.
8
9. Use 2 adjacent carriers to
transmit simultaneously data to
the same user
Dual cells covers the same
geographical area
Anchor Carrier
5MHz 5MHz
Frequency 1
Supplementary Carrier
Frequency 2 frequencey1 frequencey2 f
Two frequencies are
Downlink peak rate adjacent
double 28.8M/42Mbps
Full use of the two cells resource by Joint Scheduling and Load Balance
9
10. Criteria/Evolution DC MIMO
Peak Rate 42Mbps in 10Mhz band 42Mbps in 5Mz band
Coverage Performance Better --
Throughput Performance -- Better
Latency Performance Better --
Service Type (Full Buffer) -- Better
Service Type (Burst) Better --
CAPEX Investment Low High
10
11. Notes: 1) PA3 and macro cell modes are supposed. 2) Users are uniformly distributed.
2) As can be observed, the DC gain is more pronounced at low load (25% at 2
users/sector) compared to high load (7% at 16 users/sector).
3) DC improvement comes from frequency diversity and better statistical multiplexing
The throughput gain of DC will fast decrease with the cell users increasing
Source of first graph: R1-082094, “Text proposal for TR on simulation results” (initial submission), Qualcomm
Europe, 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 #53bis, May 2008.
11
14. Instantaneous down/up link peak data rates of at
least 100/50 Mbps within 20 MHz allocation,
respectively.
Down/up link: average user throughput per MHz,
(3-4)/(2-3) times Release 6 HS(D/U)PA, respectively.
Mobility shall be maintained at speeds 120km
/h-350km/h (or even up to 500 km/h depending on
the frequency band)
Spectrum flexibility: scalable to operate in 1.4, 2.5, 5,
10, 15 and 20Mhz allocations: Uplink and downlink,
paired (FDD mode) and unpaired (TDD mode)
Source: GSA “Evolution to LTE - an overview, December 2009
14
15. Broadband downloads 2x data capacity Multicarrier- 2x Multicarrier 20 MHz
and uploads, QoS >2x voice capacity data rates to all enhancements deployments
Rel-99 Rel-5 Rel-6 Rel-7 Rel-8 Rel-9 Beyond Rel-9
(HSDPA) (HSUPA)
WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)
DL: 1.8-14.4 Mbps DL: 28 Mbps DL: 42 Mbps1 DL: 84 Mbps2 DL: 100+ Mbps3
UL: 5.7 Mbps UL: 11 Mbps UL: 11 Mbps UL: 23 Mbps2 UL: 23+ Mbps
(10 MHz ) (10 MHz )
Leverages new, wider Multicarrier > 20 MHz
and TDD spectrum deployments
Rel-8 Rel-9 Rel-10
1 R8 will reach 42 Mbps by combining 2x2 MIMO and HOM
(64QAM) in 5MHz, or by utilizing HOM (64QAM) and multi carrier in 10
MHz. LTE LTE
2 R9 and beyond may utilize combinations of multi carrier
and MIMO to reach 84 Mbps peak rates. Similarly, uplink multi carrier Advanced
can double the uplink data rates.
3 Peak rates for 10 and 20 MHz FDD using 2x2 MIMO,
standard supports 4x4 MIMO enabling peak rates of 300 Mbps. TDD DL: 73 – 150 Mbps3 DL: 300+ Mbs4
rates are a function of up/downlink asymmetry
4Peak rates can reach or exceed 300 Mbps by aggregating multiple 20 UL: 36 – 75 Mbps3 UL: 150+ Mbps4
(10 MHz – 20 MHz) ( Beyond 20 MHz)
MHz carriers as considered for LTE Advanced (LTE Rel-10).
Note: Estimated commercial dates
2009 2010 2011 2012+
Created 08/18/09
Source: QUALCOMM white paper “LTE release 8 and beyond”
15
18. HSPA+ LTE
172Mbps@20Mhz
(2x2)
84Mbps@10MHz
326.4Mbps@20MHz(4x4)
8.4bps/Hz
(Peak
for
DC+
MIMO
8.6bps/Hz
(Peak
for
2x2
MIMO)
+
64QAM)
1.424/0.6
(MIMO+64QAM)
1.717/0.99
(2x2
MIMO)
ExisHng
Need
to
apply
or
buy
SoRware
or
minor
hardware
Newly
build
upgrade
Full
system
bandwidth
Variable
up
to
full
system
bandwidth
Ideal
for
MIMO
due
to
signal
Requires
significant
compuHng
representaHon
in
the
frequency
domain
power
due
to
signal
being
and
possibility
of
narrowband
allocaHon
defined
in
the
Hme
domain
and
to
follow
real-‐Hme
variaHons
in
the
on
top
of
spreading
channel
18
22. • Cell Radius shrinks as a function of number of users at cell edge
meeting the 512 Kbps Throughput
Only 6 users can achieve the throughput and the cell radius shrinks to
200m only
22