The document provides an overview of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). It describes WAP as an open standard that allows mobile devices to access internet content and services. The summary outlines WAP's architecture, including components like the wireless application environment, wireless session protocol, wireless transaction protocol, and wireless transport layer security. It also discusses WAP's usage, advantages of being an open standard, and some disadvantages like limited screen sizes and speeds of access on mobile devices.
WAP- Wireless Application Protocol
by
Team 11 Presenters:
Suma Pramod Connie Barbosa
Niti Pandey Patrick Cunning
Olga Pavlenko
This ppt contains the topic like,,
WAP Introduction,
WAP architecture requirements,
Architecture overview,
World-wide web model,
WAP model,
Components of WAP architecture,
Sample Configuration of WAP technology,
Usage, Advantages & Disadvantages of WAP,
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP),
Wireless Markup Language (WML),
Generating WML with XSLT,
WAP Emulator.
WAP- Wireless Application Protocol
by
Team 11 Presenters:
Suma Pramod Connie Barbosa
Niti Pandey Patrick Cunning
Olga Pavlenko
This ppt contains the topic like,,
WAP Introduction,
WAP architecture requirements,
Architecture overview,
World-wide web model,
WAP model,
Components of WAP architecture,
Sample Configuration of WAP technology,
Usage, Advantages & Disadvantages of WAP,
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP),
Wireless Markup Language (WML),
Generating WML with XSLT,
WAP Emulator.
slide2:The WWW Model
slide3-4:he WWW standards specify several mechanisms necessary to build a general-purpose application environment includes
slide5:The WWW protocols define three classes of servers:
origin
proxy
gateway
slide6-7:The internet model
slide8-9:The WAP model
slide10-11:How WAP model work
slide12-13:WAP defines a set of standard components that enable communication between mobile terminals and network servers, including:
standard naming model
content typing
standard content formats
standard protocols
slide14:Hardware and software requirements
slide15-16:usage
slide17:Disadvantage
This is part of the course given at the Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp in Nov 2010.
Facilitator: Michael Wakahe, Director, Shujaa Solutions Ltd
Date: Nov 18th - 20th, 2010
Venue: Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp
Presentation on WAP Keerti Sharma
This ppt contains the topic like,,
What is WAP ?
Limitations of Internet for wireless applications
WAP Architecture / protocol stack
WAP Components / WML
WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices
Conclusion
Introduction to wireless application protocol (wap)ogiSenthil Kanth
Introduction to wireless application protocol (wap)ogi Presented by
Dragomanov Andon
Paunovski Ognen
This ppt contains the topic like,,
What is WAP?
Development and Objectives
WAP Concept
WAP 1.0 Architecture
WAP 2.0 Architecture
WAP 2.0 Features
WML
Real Life Examples
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP
user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – W MLScripts - WTA
- iMode- SyncML.
WAP, HTTP and HTML5 Web Socket Architecture Analysis in Contemporary Mobile A...Editor IJCATR
Accessing current and accurate information anywhere and at anytime is becoming a growing interest nowadays. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an application protocol that creates an opportunity to access information of any interest from WAP servers using mobile phones. WAP is an enabling technology based on the Internet client server architecture model, for developing client application for handheld devices or other wireless terminal which usually have less powerful CPU’s, less memory, very restricted power consumption, smaller and variant displays, phone keypads etc. This paper analyses the features of WAP in relation to the well established HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) technology, the web socket API innovations introduced in HTML5, the recent improvements in mobile devices processing capacity by connecting to cloud services and how application can be developed on them using modern tools. The features that are more adapted to client development of micro-devices are used for the technology application test.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – WMLScripts – WTA - iMode- SyncML
slide2:The WWW Model
slide3-4:he WWW standards specify several mechanisms necessary to build a general-purpose application environment includes
slide5:The WWW protocols define three classes of servers:
origin
proxy
gateway
slide6-7:The internet model
slide8-9:The WAP model
slide10-11:How WAP model work
slide12-13:WAP defines a set of standard components that enable communication between mobile terminals and network servers, including:
standard naming model
content typing
standard content formats
standard protocols
slide14:Hardware and software requirements
slide15-16:usage
slide17:Disadvantage
This is part of the course given at the Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp in Nov 2010.
Facilitator: Michael Wakahe, Director, Shujaa Solutions Ltd
Date: Nov 18th - 20th, 2010
Venue: Strathmore University Mobile Boot Camp
Presentation on WAP Keerti Sharma
This ppt contains the topic like,,
What is WAP ?
Limitations of Internet for wireless applications
WAP Architecture / protocol stack
WAP Components / WML
WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices
Conclusion
Introduction to wireless application protocol (wap)ogiSenthil Kanth
Introduction to wireless application protocol (wap)ogi Presented by
Dragomanov Andon
Paunovski Ognen
This ppt contains the topic like,,
What is WAP?
Development and Objectives
WAP Concept
WAP 1.0 Architecture
WAP 2.0 Architecture
WAP 2.0 Features
WML
Real Life Examples
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP
user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – W MLScripts - WTA
- iMode- SyncML.
WAP, HTTP and HTML5 Web Socket Architecture Analysis in Contemporary Mobile A...Editor IJCATR
Accessing current and accurate information anywhere and at anytime is becoming a growing interest nowadays. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) is an application protocol that creates an opportunity to access information of any interest from WAP servers using mobile phones. WAP is an enabling technology based on the Internet client server architecture model, for developing client application for handheld devices or other wireless terminal which usually have less powerful CPU’s, less memory, very restricted power consumption, smaller and variant displays, phone keypads etc. This paper analyses the features of WAP in relation to the well established HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) technology, the web socket API innovations introduced in HTML5, the recent improvements in mobile devices processing capacity by connecting to cloud services and how application can be developed on them using modern tools. The features that are more adapted to client development of micro-devices are used for the technology application test.
UNIT V APPLICATION LAYER
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP user agent profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – WMLScripts – WTA - iMode- SyncML
WAP, HTTP and HTML5 Web Socket Architecture Analysis in Contemporary Mobile A...Editor IJCATR
Accessing current and accurate information anywhere and at anytime is becoming a growing interest nowadays. Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) is an application protocol that creates an opportunity to access information of any interest from WAP
servers using mobile phones. WAP is an enabling technology based on the Internet client server architecture model, for developing
client application for handheld devices or other wireless terminal which usually have less powerful CPU’s, less memory, very
restricted power consumption, smaller and variant displays, phone keypads etc. This paper analyses the features of WAP in relation to
the well established HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) technology, the web socket API innovations introduced in HTML5, the
recent improvements in mobile devices processing capacity by connecting to cloud services and how application can be developed on
them using modern tools. The features that are more adapted to client development of micro-devices are used for the technology
application test.
WAP, HTTP and HTML5 Web Socket Architecture Analysis in Contemporary Mobile A...Editor IJCATR
Accessing current and accurate information anywhere and at anytime is becoming a growing interest nowadays. Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP) is an application protocol that creates an opportunity to access information of any interest from WAP
servers using mobile phones. WAP is an enabling technology based on the Internet client server architecture model, for developing
client application for handheld devices or other wireless terminal which usually have less powerful CPU’s, less memory, very
restricted power consumption, smaller and variant displays, phone keypads etc. This paper analyses the features of WAP in relation to
the well established HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) technology, the web socket API innovations introduced in HTML5, the
recent improvements in mobile devices processing capacity by connecting to cloud services and how application can be developed on
them using modern tools. The features that are more adapted to client development of micro-devices are used for the technology
application test.
A Unique Application to Reserve Doctor Appointment by Using Wireless Applicat...IJMER
WAP is a standardized technology for cross-platform, distributed computing, very similar to the Internet’s combination of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). WAP could be described as a set of protocols that has inherited its characteristics and functionality from Internet standards and from standards developed for wireless services by some of the world’s leading companies in the business of wireless telecommunications. This application will help patients, the normal doctor and the medical director. The patient can reserve an appointment. The normal doctor can view and print the lists of patient appointment under his responsibility. The medical director can add new departments, add new doctors, and also can change the password to access the database. He can also modify data and working schedules of doctors assigned. He can add new patients and can have privilege access to transfer any patient appointment to another doctor. This Application which has been developed by using WAP was the first of its kind here, where software has been developed.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
2. Overview
WAP Introduction
WAP architecture requirements
Architecture overview
World-wide web model
WAP model
Components of WAP architecture
Sample Configuration of WAP technology
Usage, Advantages & Disadvantages of WAP
Summary
3. WAP- Wireless Application
Protocol
An open, global specification that empowers mobile users
with wireless devices to easily access and interact with
internet information and services instantly.
The wireless industry came up with the idea of WAP. The
point of this standard was to show internet contents on
wireless clients, like mobile phones.
4. WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol
o WAP is an application communication
protocol
o WAP is used to access services and
information
o WAP is inherited from Internet standards
o WAP is for handheld devices such as mobile
phones
o WAP is a protocol designed for micro
browsers
o WAP enables the creating of web applications
for mobile devices.
o WAP uses the mark-up language WML (not
HTML) WML is defined as an XML 1.0
application
5. The WAP specifications continue to be developed by
contributing members, who, through interoperability
testing, have brought WAP into the limelight of the
mobile data marketplace with fully functional WAP–
enabled devices as shown below:
6. The basic AIM of WAP is to provide a web-like
experience on small portable devices - like mobile phones
and PDAs.
7. Purpose of WAP
To enable easy, fast delivery of relevant information
and services to mobile users.
Type of devices that use WAP
Handheld digital wireless devices such as mobile
phones, pagers, two-way radios, smart phones and
communicators -- from low-end to high-end.
WAP works with most Wireless networks such as:
CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC, PHS, TDMA, FLEX,
ReFLEX, iDEN, TETRA, DECT, DataTAC, Mobitex.
8. Operating systems that are compatible with WAP
•WAP is a communications protocol and an application
environment.
•WAP is independent of OS that means WAP can be
implemented on any OS.
•It can be built on any operating system including Palm
OS, EPOC 32, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, Java OS,
etc. It provides service interoperability even between
different device families.
9. WAP Architecture Requirements
Leverage existing standards whenever possible
Define a layered, scaleable and extensible architecture
Support as many wireless networks as possible
Optimize for narrow-band bearers with high latency
11. Architecture Overview
WWW programming model is optimized and extended
to match characteristics of the wireless environment
Utilizes proxy technology to connect between the
wireless domain and WWW
14. WAP Device
- Is used to access WAP applications and
content. It might be a PDA, handheld
computer.
WAP Client
- Entity that receives content from Internet via a
WAP Gateway. This is usually the WAP
Browser.
WAP Content/Origin/Application Server
- Element in the network where the information
or web/WAP applications resides.
15. WAP Proxy
- Acts both as a client and as a server in the
network.Typically has
Protocol gateway : translates requests from the WAP
protocol stack to WWW protocol stack
Content encoders and decoders : translate WAP content
into compact encoded formats to reduce the size of data
over the network
It allows content and applications to be hosted on
standard WWW servers and developed using proven
WWW technologies such as CGI scripting
16. WAP Gateway
- Intermediary element used to connect two different
types of network. It receives request directly from
the clients as if it actually were the origin server that
clients want to receive the information form. The
clients are usually unaware that they are speaking to
the Gateway.
WAP Browser
Software running on the WAP device that interprets the
WAP content arriving from the internet and decides how
to display it on WAP device.
17. WML
WML – Wireless Markup Language formerly
called HDML (Handheld Devices Markup
Language)
Is a tag language that allows the text portions of
Web Pages to be presented on cellular phones and
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) via wireless
access.
WML is used for delivering data to WAP devices,
and is HTML- like in its appearance.
An alternative to WML is I-Mode’s cHTML
language.
20. Components of WAP Architecture
Other Services
And Applications
Transport Layer (WDP)
Security Layer (WTLS)
Transaction Layer (WTP)
Session Layer (WSP)
Application Layer (WAE)
GSM CDMA PHS IS-136 CDPD PDC-P FLEX Etc…
Bearers :
21. Wireless Application Environment (WAE)
General-purpose application environment based on a
combination of WWW and mobile telephony
technologies.
It defines the user interface on the phone. It contains
WML and WTA (Wireless Telephony Application).
Primary objective – interoperable environment.
22. Wireless Application Environment
(Contd.)
WAE includes a micro-browser (Client software
designed to overcome challenges of mobile handheld
devices that enables wireless access to services such
as Internet information in combination with a suitable
network) server environment which provides
WML
WML script
WTA
Content formats
23. Wireless Session Protocol (WSP)
The WAP session protocol (WSP) layer provides
a lightweight session layer to allow efficient
exchange of data between applications.
Application layer with a consistent interface for
two session services
Connection-oriented service that operates
above the transaction layer protocol (WTP)
Connectionless service that operates above a
secure or non-secure datagram service (WDP)
Optimized for low-bandwidth bearer networks
with long latency
24. Wireless Transaction Protocol (WTP)
Runs on top of a datagram service
The WAP transaction protocol (WTP) layer
provides transaction support, adding reliability to
the datagram service provided by WDP.
Light weight transaction-oriented protocol
Three classes of transaction services
Unreliable one-way requests
Reliable one-way requests
Reliable two-way request-reply transactions
25. Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS)
Based on industry-standard Transport Layer
Security (TLS) protocol
Optimized for use over narrow-band
communication channels
Features:
Data integrity
Privacy
Authentication
Denial-of-service protection
26. Wireless Datagram Protocol (WDP)
The WAP datagram protocol (WDP) is the
Transport layer that sends and receives messages
via any available bearer network, including SMS,
USSD, CSD, CDPD, IS–136 packet data, and
GPRS.
Operates above the data capable bearer services
supported by various network types.
Provides a common interface to the upper layer
protocols and hence they function independent of
the underlying wireless network.
27. Bearers
Differing levels of quality of service with respect to
throughput, error rate, and delays
WAP protocols are designed to compensate for or
tolerate these varying levels of service
WDP specification lists the bearers that are supported
and techniques used to allow WAP protocols to run
over each bearer
28. Sample WAP Stacks
No layer
IP Non-IP
UDP WDP
WTP
WSP/B
WAE
WTLS
WAE
User Agents
No layer
IP Non-IP
UDP WDP
WTP
WTLS
Applications over
transactions
No layer
IP Non-IP
UDP WDP
WTLS
Applications over
Datagram Transport
WAP Technology
Outside of WAP
29. Mobile-Originated Example of WAP
Architecture
The request from the mobile device is sent as a URL
through the operator's network to the WAP gateway,
which is the interface between the operator's network
and the Internet as shown in the figure below.
30. FUTURE OF WAP
Will WAP comply with Third Generation wireless standards?
Yes, WAP has been designed to be as independent as possible from the
underlying network technology.
Is WAP necessary with higher bandwidth 3G networks?
Even as bandwidths increase, the cost of that bandwidth does not fall to
zero. These costs result from higher power usage in the terminals,
higher costs in the radio sections, greater use of RF spectrum, and
increased network loading. In addition, the original constraints WAP
was designed for -- intermittent coverage, small screens, low power
consumption, wide scalability over bearers and devices, and one-
handed operation -- are still valid in 3G networks. Finally, we can
expect the bandwidth required by application users to steadily increase.
Therefore, there is still a need to optimize the device and network
resources for wireless environments. We can expect WAP to optimize
support for multimedia applications that continue to be relevant.
31. If WAP is very successful in mass-markets on 2.5G networks, 3G
networks may be needed purely for capacity relief.
The reasons to migrate to WAP technology
Network operators are behind WAP
With minimal risk and investment, WAP enables operators to
decrease churn, cut costs, and increase revenues by improving
existing, value-added services and offering exciting new
informational services.
Why are equipment manufacturers interested in WAP?
Being a global open specification suite, WAP has generated the
critical mass for manufacturers. This has opened up new product
and marketing opportunities in the wireless industry and provides
new revenue to participating companies.
32. WAP in the Competitive Environment
Competition for WAP protocols could come from a number of
sources:
• subscriber identity module (SIM) toolkit—The use of
SIMs or smart cards in wireless devices is already widespread and
used in some of the service sectors.
• Windows CE—This is a multitasking, multithreaded operating
system from Microsoft designed for including or embedding
mobile and other space-constrained devices.
• JavaPhone™—Sun Microsystems is developing
PersonalJava™ and a JavaPhone™ API, which is embedded in a
Java™ virtual machine on the handset. NEPs will be able to build
cellular phones that can download extra features and functions
over the Internet; thus, customers will no longer be required to
buy a new phone to take advantage of improved features.
33. USAGE
- Corporate Applications: Sales force automation
where sales people use their WAP enabled handsets to
get instant, direct access to the latest pricing, latest
news, competitive information any time, anywhere.
- Online Services:
Banking: Users can get their current balance,
transfer funds between accounts and receive fax of a
mini-statement.
Electronic Commerce: Subscribers can use their
handset just like their PC to purchase products and
services over the Web.
34. - Tele services
Prepaid Services: With a WAP-enabled phone,
prepaid subscribers can see their current balance with the
press of a button. By pressing another button, they can
also recharge their account by entering a credit card or
voucher number into the handset.
- Personal Productivity
Email: Using WAP users can keep track of their
email right from their handset.
- Others include:
- Interactive Chat
- Auctions
- Games
35. The ADVANTAGES that WAP can offer over these
other methods are the following:
•open standard, vendor independent
•network-standard independent
•transport mechanism–optimized for wireless data
bearers
•application downloaded from the server, enabling
fast service creation and introduction, as opposed to
embedded software
36. DISADVANTAGES of WAP
Small screens: For web phones, there's an incredibly small viewing
area; palmtops are barely better.
Speed of access: All devices have slow access.
Limited or fragmented availability: Wireless web access is sporadic in
many areas and entirely unavailable in other areas.
Price: Many technology limitations are being addressed by higher-end
devices and services. But the entry price for a good wireless web
palmtop with decent display, keyboard, and speed is easily $700 to
$900, not including monthly access.
Lack of user habit: It takes some patience and overcoming the learning
curve to get the hang of it -- connecting, putting in an address, typing.
Users just aren't used to the idea and protocol yet.
•
37. Summary
• WAP provides a markup language and a transport protocol that
open the possibilities of the wireless environment and give
players from all levels of the industry the opportunity to access an
untapped market that is still in its infancy.
• The bearer-independent nature of WAP has proved to be a long-
awaited breath of fresh air for an industry riddled with multiple
proprietary standards that have suffocated the advent of a new
wave of mobile-Internet communications. WAP is an enabling
technology that, through gateway infrastructure deployed in
mobile operator's network, will bridge the gap between the mobile
world and the Internet, bringing sophisticated solutions to mobile
users, independent of the bearer and network.
• Backed by 75 percent of the companies behind the world's
mobile telephone market and the huge development potential of
WAP, the future for WAP looks bright.