International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Investigating a theoretical framework for e-learning technology acceptance IJECEIAES
E-learning has gained recognition and fame in delivering and distributing educational resources, and the same has become possible with the occurrence of Internet and Web technologies. The research seeks to determine the factors that influence students' acceptance of E-learning and to find out the way these factors determine the students' intention to employ E-learning. A theoretical framework was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). To obtain information from the 270 university students who utilized the E-learning system, a questionnaire was formulated. The results revealed that “social influence, perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use” are the strongest and most important predictors in the intention of and students towards E-learning systems. The outcomes offer practical implications for practitioners, lawmakers, and developers in effective E-learning systems implementation to improve ongoing interests and activities of university students in a virtual E-learning atmosphere, valuable recommendations for E-learning practices are given by the research findings, and these may turn out to be as guidelines for the efficient design of E-learning systems.
A pragmatic study on e learning system for higher education in developing cou...Najeem Olawale Adelakun
The Internet has become one of the greatest inventions of mankind for learning and sharing of useful information through electronic means. For some years now, the developed nations have adopted the use of the e-learning system. Presently, the COVID-19 outbreak has given rise to the adoption of the e-learning system by many countries of the world being the most viable alternative for teaching and learning. This paper uses a pragmatic approach to evaluates the benefits and challenges associated with the e-learning system. A survey was conducted among students in a higher institution and a total of one hundred and twenty-five responses was gathered from the online questionnaire to know the likely challenges faced by students with the e-learning system and also at an online researchers’ forum. The result shows that 30.40% of students complained about weak internet connectivity from the questionnaire administered which is also the major problem in most developing nations, and for optimal performance of the e-learning system, there should be adequate provision for strong internet connectivity, standard IT infrastructure, and user-friendly e-learning platform.
Establishment of Educational Network among the Undergraduate with Mobile Appl...Cahit Berkay Kazangirler
Abstract— It is easier and faster for students to learn from knowledgeable students. The speed of information age and evolving educational technology have changed the way of teaching and the level of knowledge acquired during teaching. In this study, we present establishment of educational network among the undergraduate with mobile application. Students will be trained on the mobile application using smart devices which are present in almost every university student today. For this training, firstly the teams will be established and the target group will be reached for the education given by the knowledgeable student. With the mobile application to be prepared, students will be able to enroll in courses that are opened, will be notified about the lessons from the instructors and will be able to access the necessary source documents easily. The application will also be a website at the same time and all the operations performed in the application will also be available on the website.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Managing Information Technology (...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
A Literature Survey on Mobile-Learning Management SystemsAM Publications
In today’s digital era, due to development in wireless communication technology, proliferation of electronics gazettes usage especially smartphones is at peak point across the globe. Without smartphone, most of the individuals feel inconvenience in their daily routine India is not an exception for it, today; India has the second-biggest smartphone market in terms of active unique smartphone users, which crossed 220 million users. These innovations and developments in mobile technologies have an impact on education and learning systems which in turn resulted into the potential to develop an education system that enables individuals and groups to learn bypassing the time and place constraints. This paper gives a glimpse on characteristics, elements, security risks, design issues and challenges of mobile learning management system.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Investigating a theoretical framework for e-learning technology acceptance IJECEIAES
E-learning has gained recognition and fame in delivering and distributing educational resources, and the same has become possible with the occurrence of Internet and Web technologies. The research seeks to determine the factors that influence students' acceptance of E-learning and to find out the way these factors determine the students' intention to employ E-learning. A theoretical framework was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). To obtain information from the 270 university students who utilized the E-learning system, a questionnaire was formulated. The results revealed that “social influence, perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use” are the strongest and most important predictors in the intention of and students towards E-learning systems. The outcomes offer practical implications for practitioners, lawmakers, and developers in effective E-learning systems implementation to improve ongoing interests and activities of university students in a virtual E-learning atmosphere, valuable recommendations for E-learning practices are given by the research findings, and these may turn out to be as guidelines for the efficient design of E-learning systems.
A pragmatic study on e learning system for higher education in developing cou...Najeem Olawale Adelakun
The Internet has become one of the greatest inventions of mankind for learning and sharing of useful information through electronic means. For some years now, the developed nations have adopted the use of the e-learning system. Presently, the COVID-19 outbreak has given rise to the adoption of the e-learning system by many countries of the world being the most viable alternative for teaching and learning. This paper uses a pragmatic approach to evaluates the benefits and challenges associated with the e-learning system. A survey was conducted among students in a higher institution and a total of one hundred and twenty-five responses was gathered from the online questionnaire to know the likely challenges faced by students with the e-learning system and also at an online researchers’ forum. The result shows that 30.40% of students complained about weak internet connectivity from the questionnaire administered which is also the major problem in most developing nations, and for optimal performance of the e-learning system, there should be adequate provision for strong internet connectivity, standard IT infrastructure, and user-friendly e-learning platform.
Establishment of Educational Network among the Undergraduate with Mobile Appl...Cahit Berkay Kazangirler
Abstract— It is easier and faster for students to learn from knowledgeable students. The speed of information age and evolving educational technology have changed the way of teaching and the level of knowledge acquired during teaching. In this study, we present establishment of educational network among the undergraduate with mobile application. Students will be trained on the mobile application using smart devices which are present in almost every university student today. For this training, firstly the teams will be established and the target group will be reached for the education given by the knowledgeable student. With the mobile application to be prepared, students will be able to enroll in courses that are opened, will be notified about the lessons from the instructors and will be able to access the necessary source documents easily. The application will also be a website at the same time and all the operations performed in the application will also be available on the website.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Managing Information Technology (...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
A Literature Survey on Mobile-Learning Management SystemsAM Publications
In today’s digital era, due to development in wireless communication technology, proliferation of electronics gazettes usage especially smartphones is at peak point across the globe. Without smartphone, most of the individuals feel inconvenience in their daily routine India is not an exception for it, today; India has the second-biggest smartphone market in terms of active unique smartphone users, which crossed 220 million users. These innovations and developments in mobile technologies have an impact on education and learning systems which in turn resulted into the potential to develop an education system that enables individuals and groups to learn bypassing the time and place constraints. This paper gives a glimpse on characteristics, elements, security risks, design issues and challenges of mobile learning management system.
A STUDY OF THE INTERFACE USABILITY ISSUES OF MOBILE LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning)
application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability
issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been
developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended
guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a
generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants
considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the
Blackboard-based user interface.
A study of the interface usability issues of mobile learning applications for...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning) application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the Blackboard-based user interface.
Cell Phones Usage for Academic Activities amongst Undergraduate Students of t...AJSSMTJournal
This study investigated the use of cell phones for academic activities amongst the undergraduate
students of the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTM). Survey questionnaire was used for collecting
data from 379 respondents drawn based on stratified random sampling. The response rate was 99%. Findings
show that the majority 246(65.6%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed that they have awareness on
the usage of cell phones for making calls, while 224(59.7%) of them were very strongly agreed that they have
used cell phones to access the Internet. Whereas, 122(32.5%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed
that spending more time on cell phone reduces academic performance. Also 209(55.7%) of the respondents
were very strongly agreed that most students of FUTM faced the challenges of slow Internet connection,
252(67.2%) respondents were very strongly agreed that the wireless Internet infrastructure in the university
should be upgraded to ensure quality and faster download, and should be available to students for use all
times
The scope of the WIFI project is not limited to a specific realm of the participants in the university. As part of a five-year strategic plan of the IT deanship, the project aims to create a consistent user experience across the various building of University, including the provision of wireless network access. The access to the network on the go can be a really great endeavor for the information exchange and the information fetch at instances when needed. This last issue became critical in the summer of 2014, when the more number of extra access point of the network are needed, which require civil work and extra time to get ready. This was a very typical scenario in which wiring and cabling was a burden and an overhead for the entire vicinity of the employees including the implementation team and the stakeholders. Moreover there are various issues that are known to everyone regarding the cable LAN and its maintenance. We had already traditionally viewed wired as good enough for everybody, however over the past times the scenario is changing and it is becoming a very drastic problem where the more the expansion of the network is done the more are the chances of the faults in the network and the system designs. Thus it becomes a very needful situation where a solution is to be figured out for the networks and its maintenance.
Validating Measurements of Perceived Ease Comprehension and Ease of Navigatio...drboon
Many universities are realizing that the implementation and use of online learning tool become a competitive advantage to address the actual learning needs. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence users’ perceived ease of use of Webct an online learning tool. We administrated a questionnaire to undergraduate students from an university in Quebec, Canada. The results tend to corroborate that ease of comprehension and ease of navigation are the key factors which influence the perceived ease of use of WebCT. More specifically, the terms used in educational web applications must be as simple and relevant as possible. Jargon and technical terms in the wording of text used for links should be carefully avoided. This research is extending the finding of IT adoption studies by specifying what make an online tool easy to use.
EFFECT OF CLOUD BASED MOBILE LEARNING ON ENGINEERING EDUCATIONIAEME Publication
It has been accepted that Mobile Learning has provided innovative opportunities
for both teachers and students, as it produces an active learning atmosphere
anywhere and anytime. Mobile learning model can be resourcefully improvised by
adding the cloud technology into it. This paper explores the effect of cloud based
mobile learning on education competencies of engineering students. The main
intention is to test whether cloud based mobile learning has a positive effect on
student’s performance by investigating the effect of this innovative teaching system on
course outcomes. The results showed that introduction of cloud based mobile learning
in studying an engineering subject is productive and does has an positive impact on
education competencies of engineering students. The results particularly indicate that
technology underneath cloud based mobile learning can be effectively used in the
study of engineering subjects resulting in superior attainment of course outcomes.
Use of information Systems in Yemeni Universities Future Vision EECJOURNAL
This research examines the use of computed information systems in Yemeni universities through the use of intermediate variable technology to test the indirect impact of the information systems structure on the relationship between information technology, and the final performance in the computed information systems in Yemeni universities. The applied situation was exemplified by the selection of four universities where the data on the study were collected through special friendly questionnaire, and the number of respondent (224) persons had been used. Many statistical means, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and intermediate deviation have been used for the description of the study sample, and for the study variables, as for hypothesis testing, the intermediate variant method was used and the end result was to prove that there was a relationship An incomplete mediation attributed to the structure of information systems that has an indirect impact on the resulting relationship between information technology and the final performance of information systems.
EU Project TAU's Seminar 2 material - Part 3
Contemporary methods and forms of work with adult learner: e-Skills & e-Literacy: using digital tools to learn
QOE MODEL FOR MULTIMEDIA CONTENT DELIVERY FROM MCLOUD TO MOBILE DEVICESijfcstjournal
Integration of mobile devices in the m-learning systems provides the learner with scaffolding outside the
classroom, it allows them to easily store, record and deliver multimedia content in real-time. The process of
delivering multimedia learning objects (rich text, video, images, audio, animation, etc.) from the mlearning
systems to the users requires more computational resources than mobile devices can provide.
Considering the existence of different kinds of mobile browsers, which have limited support for HTML
plugins (Flash, Java and Silverlight), we face the challenge to deliver the adapted multimedia contents in
the interactive m-learning system. Installation of add-ons to the mobile browsers is just a provisional
solution that is not always possible on each mobile device. Generally, the m-learning systems presented on
the mobile device that not provide rich multimedia information leads to a degraded learning experience. In
order to provide users with multimedia content that is suitable for their mobile devices and according to
their needs we introduce the mobile cloud computing environment as paradigm that is ideal to overcome
these problems.
The proposed interactive mCloud system should provide high scale collaboration and interaction between
the professor and students, in direction of increasing the quality of learning. The main focus is the delivery
of multimedia learning objects to the users depending on the student’s cognitive style and adapting the
content in accordance with the context-aware network conditions. The main task within this paper is to
design a QoE model for estimating the multidimensional metric based on multimedia content adaptive
features.
Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Techno...Maurice Dawson
Personal Cloud Computing (PCC) is a rapidly growing technology, addressing the market demand of individual users for access to available and reliable resources. But like other new technologies, concerns and issues have surfaced with the adoption of PCC. Users deciding whether to adopt PCC may be concerned about the ease of use, usefulness, or security risks in the cloud. Negative attitudes toward using a technology have been found to negatively impact the success of that technology. The purpose of this study was to understand users’ acceptance of PCC. The population sample consisted of individual users within the United States between 18 and 80 years of age. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). A web survey was conducted to assess the measurement and understanding of patterns demonstrated by participants. Our results shows that in spite of the potential benefits of PCC, security and privacy risks are deterring many users from moving towards PCC.
Presentation made May 13, 2010 by Rob Peregoodoff (Manager, Learning Technologies Sauder School of Business) on behalf of the University of British Columbia TAB/OLT office.
An approach to designing and developing an LMS framework appropriate for youn...IJECEIAES
The new people generation Z can be viewed in terms of software engineering as specific users who have high requirements regarding the functions and interface of the software applications, connectivity to social networks and instant communication via the Internet. In recent years, the number of electronic learning systems increased, but students are still not motivated to learn. This requires developing new conceptual models of training and learning software, tailored to the skills and preferences of the end-users. The young students: from kindergartens to preschools and primary schools are special users who have not been studied exhaustively. To present the problem related to the development of learning and training software thoroughly, the most commonly used standards and current trends, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of LMS platforms have been reviewed. The commonly used software design and development technologies have been discussed. We proposed a strategy for developing a web-based e-learning management system according to the possibilities of young pupils as a specific user. We described a software architecture, based on SCORM's specification, and we developed an LMS prototype. The basic methodology used in the design and creation of the system we propose is user-centered design.
A STUDY OF THE INTERFACE USABILITY ISSUES OF MOBILE LEARNING APPLICATIONS FOR...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning)
application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability
issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been
developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended
guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a
generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants
considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the
Blackboard-based user interface.
A study of the interface usability issues of mobile learning applications for...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning) application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the Blackboard-based user interface.
Cell Phones Usage for Academic Activities amongst Undergraduate Students of t...AJSSMTJournal
This study investigated the use of cell phones for academic activities amongst the undergraduate
students of the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTM). Survey questionnaire was used for collecting
data from 379 respondents drawn based on stratified random sampling. The response rate was 99%. Findings
show that the majority 246(65.6%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed that they have awareness on
the usage of cell phones for making calls, while 224(59.7%) of them were very strongly agreed that they have
used cell phones to access the Internet. Whereas, 122(32.5%) of the respondents were very strongly agreed
that spending more time on cell phone reduces academic performance. Also 209(55.7%) of the respondents
were very strongly agreed that most students of FUTM faced the challenges of slow Internet connection,
252(67.2%) respondents were very strongly agreed that the wireless Internet infrastructure in the university
should be upgraded to ensure quality and faster download, and should be available to students for use all
times
The scope of the WIFI project is not limited to a specific realm of the participants in the university. As part of a five-year strategic plan of the IT deanship, the project aims to create a consistent user experience across the various building of University, including the provision of wireless network access. The access to the network on the go can be a really great endeavor for the information exchange and the information fetch at instances when needed. This last issue became critical in the summer of 2014, when the more number of extra access point of the network are needed, which require civil work and extra time to get ready. This was a very typical scenario in which wiring and cabling was a burden and an overhead for the entire vicinity of the employees including the implementation team and the stakeholders. Moreover there are various issues that are known to everyone regarding the cable LAN and its maintenance. We had already traditionally viewed wired as good enough for everybody, however over the past times the scenario is changing and it is becoming a very drastic problem where the more the expansion of the network is done the more are the chances of the faults in the network and the system designs. Thus it becomes a very needful situation where a solution is to be figured out for the networks and its maintenance.
Validating Measurements of Perceived Ease Comprehension and Ease of Navigatio...drboon
Many universities are realizing that the implementation and use of online learning tool become a competitive advantage to address the actual learning needs. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence users’ perceived ease of use of Webct an online learning tool. We administrated a questionnaire to undergraduate students from an university in Quebec, Canada. The results tend to corroborate that ease of comprehension and ease of navigation are the key factors which influence the perceived ease of use of WebCT. More specifically, the terms used in educational web applications must be as simple and relevant as possible. Jargon and technical terms in the wording of text used for links should be carefully avoided. This research is extending the finding of IT adoption studies by specifying what make an online tool easy to use.
EFFECT OF CLOUD BASED MOBILE LEARNING ON ENGINEERING EDUCATIONIAEME Publication
It has been accepted that Mobile Learning has provided innovative opportunities
for both teachers and students, as it produces an active learning atmosphere
anywhere and anytime. Mobile learning model can be resourcefully improvised by
adding the cloud technology into it. This paper explores the effect of cloud based
mobile learning on education competencies of engineering students. The main
intention is to test whether cloud based mobile learning has a positive effect on
student’s performance by investigating the effect of this innovative teaching system on
course outcomes. The results showed that introduction of cloud based mobile learning
in studying an engineering subject is productive and does has an positive impact on
education competencies of engineering students. The results particularly indicate that
technology underneath cloud based mobile learning can be effectively used in the
study of engineering subjects resulting in superior attainment of course outcomes.
Use of information Systems in Yemeni Universities Future Vision EECJOURNAL
This research examines the use of computed information systems in Yemeni universities through the use of intermediate variable technology to test the indirect impact of the information systems structure on the relationship between information technology, and the final performance in the computed information systems in Yemeni universities. The applied situation was exemplified by the selection of four universities where the data on the study were collected through special friendly questionnaire, and the number of respondent (224) persons had been used. Many statistical means, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and intermediate deviation have been used for the description of the study sample, and for the study variables, as for hypothesis testing, the intermediate variant method was used and the end result was to prove that there was a relationship An incomplete mediation attributed to the structure of information systems that has an indirect impact on the resulting relationship between information technology and the final performance of information systems.
EU Project TAU's Seminar 2 material - Part 3
Contemporary methods and forms of work with adult learner: e-Skills & e-Literacy: using digital tools to learn
QOE MODEL FOR MULTIMEDIA CONTENT DELIVERY FROM MCLOUD TO MOBILE DEVICESijfcstjournal
Integration of mobile devices in the m-learning systems provides the learner with scaffolding outside the
classroom, it allows them to easily store, record and deliver multimedia content in real-time. The process of
delivering multimedia learning objects (rich text, video, images, audio, animation, etc.) from the mlearning
systems to the users requires more computational resources than mobile devices can provide.
Considering the existence of different kinds of mobile browsers, which have limited support for HTML
plugins (Flash, Java and Silverlight), we face the challenge to deliver the adapted multimedia contents in
the interactive m-learning system. Installation of add-ons to the mobile browsers is just a provisional
solution that is not always possible on each mobile device. Generally, the m-learning systems presented on
the mobile device that not provide rich multimedia information leads to a degraded learning experience. In
order to provide users with multimedia content that is suitable for their mobile devices and according to
their needs we introduce the mobile cloud computing environment as paradigm that is ideal to overcome
these problems.
The proposed interactive mCloud system should provide high scale collaboration and interaction between
the professor and students, in direction of increasing the quality of learning. The main focus is the delivery
of multimedia learning objects to the users depending on the student’s cognitive style and adapting the
content in accordance with the context-aware network conditions. The main task within this paper is to
design a QoE model for estimating the multidimensional metric based on multimedia content adaptive
features.
Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Techno...Maurice Dawson
Personal Cloud Computing (PCC) is a rapidly growing technology, addressing the market demand of individual users for access to available and reliable resources. But like other new technologies, concerns and issues have surfaced with the adoption of PCC. Users deciding whether to adopt PCC may be concerned about the ease of use, usefulness, or security risks in the cloud. Negative attitudes toward using a technology have been found to negatively impact the success of that technology. The purpose of this study was to understand users’ acceptance of PCC. The population sample consisted of individual users within the United States between 18 and 80 years of age. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). A web survey was conducted to assess the measurement and understanding of patterns demonstrated by participants. Our results shows that in spite of the potential benefits of PCC, security and privacy risks are deterring many users from moving towards PCC.
Presentation made May 13, 2010 by Rob Peregoodoff (Manager, Learning Technologies Sauder School of Business) on behalf of the University of British Columbia TAB/OLT office.
An approach to designing and developing an LMS framework appropriate for youn...IJECEIAES
The new people generation Z can be viewed in terms of software engineering as specific users who have high requirements regarding the functions and interface of the software applications, connectivity to social networks and instant communication via the Internet. In recent years, the number of electronic learning systems increased, but students are still not motivated to learn. This requires developing new conceptual models of training and learning software, tailored to the skills and preferences of the end-users. The young students: from kindergartens to preschools and primary schools are special users who have not been studied exhaustively. To present the problem related to the development of learning and training software thoroughly, the most commonly used standards and current trends, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of LMS platforms have been reviewed. The commonly used software design and development technologies have been discussed. We proposed a strategy for developing a web-based e-learning management system according to the possibilities of young pupils as a specific user. We described a software architecture, based on SCORM's specification, and we developed an LMS prototype. The basic methodology used in the design and creation of the system we propose is user-centered design.
AN ADAPTIVE AND INTELLIGENT TUTOR BY EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE DEVICESijmpict
Mobile Learning (M-Learning) is an emerging discipline in the area of education and educational technology. So researchers are trying to optimize and expanding its application in the field of education. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of mobile devices and expert systems in disseminating and supporting the knowledge gained by intelligent tutors and to propose a system based on integration of intelligent M-Learning with expert systems. It acts as an intelligent tutor which can perform three processes - pre-test, learning concept and post-test - according to characteristic of the learner. The proposed system can improves the education efficiency highly as well as decreases costs. As a result, every time and everywhere (ETEW) simple and cheap learning would be provided via SMS, MMS and so on in this system. The global intention of M-Learning is to make learning “a way of being”.
Information and communication Technology is a gateway through which large population of students has been addressed. Mobile learning technology the latest arrival highly changing the way the students learn, interact, access up to data information. It mainly satisfies the current and future generation which needs information at the earliest rather than later few touches. The World Wide Web acts as an interface in E- learning as well as in mobile learning (M-learning) environments. It supports and facilitates the delivery of teaching and learning materials. M-learning provides quality educational content with the help of semantic web technologies like Ontology. This study presents Mobile Learning framework for making efficient learning with a case study on cyber security.
Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning . this paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.
Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning. This paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.
A PARADIGM FOR THE APPLICATION OF CLOUD COMPUTING IN MOBILE INTELLIGENT TUTOR...IJSEA
Nowadays, with the rapid growth of cloud computing, many industries are going to move their computing
activities to clouds. Researchers of virtual learning are also looking for the ways to use clouds through
mobile platforms. This paper offers a model to accompany the benefits of “Mobile Intelligent Learning”
technology and “Cloud Computing”. The architecture of purposed system is based on multi-layer
architecture of Mobile Cloud Computing. Despite the existing challenges, the system has increased the life
of mobile device battery. It will raise working memory capacity and processing capacity of the educational
system in addition to the greater advantage of the educational system. The proposed system allows the
users to enjoy an intelligent learning every-time and every-where, reduces training costs and hardware
dependency, and increases consistency, efficiency, and data reliability.
AN OVERVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING FOR E-LEARNING WITH ITS KEY BENEFITSijistjournal
Education is a necessary human virtue and essential for society because it reflects the personality of the human being in our society. The effective way of teaching gives the quality of education and advance learning such as e-learning to the learners and also a high quality of teaching to the tutors. Information Technology (IT) plays a significant role in field of education. Now days, E-learning and M-learning have become very popular trends of the education technology riot. E-Learning is the new tool related to the virtualized distance learning by means of electronic communication mechanisms, specifically the Internet to enhance the traditional learning system. An E-learning system generally needs a lot of software and hardware resources. Today, many educational institutions cannot afford such investments and environments therefore cloud computing is the finest solution. The Cloud Computing environment rises swiftly as a natural platform to provide support to e-Learning systems. Hence, this paper presents the impact on using cloud computing for e-learning which contains an innovative environment resulting from both virtual and personal learning environments. This paper introduces concepts of e-learning and cloud computing infrastructure with their key benefits.
An analysis of Mobile Learning Implementation in Shinas College of Technology...ijcnes
In the past decade, technology has grown exponentially, especially the speed of the Internet and mobile technology have reached its peak it seems. This technology advancement also gives its impact to all the areas especially in the education sector. Researchers have to be interested in investigating how these technologies can be exploited for educational purposes aiming to enhance learning experiences. Subsequently, this has prompt an exploration slant which is ordinarily alluded to as Mobile Learning (M-Learning) in which specialists endeavors have meant to disseminate fitting learning encounters to learners considering their own flexibility needs, the universal usage of portable advances and the accessibility of data whenever � anyplace. By and by, m-learning is still in its start and extraordinary endeavors should be done as such as to explore the potential outcomes of educational outlook change from the conventional on-estimate fits-all illuminating ways to deal with a versatile and customized discovering that can be circulated by means of portable creations. This paper, presents the suitability and need of mobile learning facility in Shinas College of Technology(SHCT) and also presents the framework for implementing m-learning in SHCT.
A Study of The Interface Usability Issues of Mobile Learning Applications for...IJITE
A conceptual framework for measuring the usability characteristics of mobile learning (m-Learning)
application has been developed. Furthermore, a software prototype for smartphones to assess usability
issues of m-Learning applications has also been designed and implemented. This prototype has been
developed, using Java language and the Android Software Development Kit, based on the recommended
guidelines of the proposed conceptual framework. The usability of the proposed model was compared to a
generally available similar mobile application (based on the Blackboard) by conducting a questionnairebased survey at Western University. The two models were evaluated in terms of ease of use, user
satisfaction, attractiveness, and learnability. The results of the questionnaire showed that the participants
considered the user interface based on our proposed framework more user-friendly as compared to the
Blackboard-based user interface.
Information security approach in open distributed multi agent virtual learnin...ijcsit
This paper presented the main information, security problems and threats in open multi-agent distributed
e-learning information systems and Proposed various approaches to solve information security attacks in
virtual learning environment using service oriented architecture which based on multi-agent information
systems architecture, the solution on the multi-agent learning information system implementation based on
the implementation of two types of systems the first system with the centralized mobile agent information
security management and the second system with decentralized mobile agents security management, and
proposed the migration behavior simulation for their active software components (software agents) .
Adoption of Digital Learning Technology: An Empirical Analysis of the Determi...IJAEMSJORNAL
Technology has advanced significantly from the analogue period to the digital era. Digital Learning Technology (DLT) is a learning paradigm based on the use of ubiquitous latest technologies, by using smart devices. It can be described as a learning environment that is assisted in daily life by wireless networks, mobile, and embedded computers. It aims to offer content and interaction to students wherever they are, at any time. The learning process has advanced thanks to the technology revolution, which has also fundamentally altered how knowledge is shared and learned. At present, there exist other frameworks too, but they are centered towards different paradigms, and point of view pertaining to DLT with its emphasis on Telecommunication Sector has not been taken into consideration. As, existing frameworks are centered towards different environments hence there exists a need to add dimensions of Empowered Learner, Digital Citizen, Knowledge Curator, Innovative Designer, Computational Thinker and Creator, Communicator & Global Collaborator. These have not been integrated together in existing available research. The study will ascertain level of knowledge of DLT and examined factors which affect the adoption rate, use, and role of DLT in telecoms setups. The results of this research will help create a framework that, if used in any academic or learning setting in a technology-based firm.
Technopreneurship Mobile Application (TMA): A Support Mechanism for Flexible ...IJITE
Mobile phones are essential in our daily lives because of their benefits in communication, entertainment, and education. Students use their mobile phones in teaching-learning engagement, both synchronous and asynchronous. The study focused on developing and validating Technopreneurship Mobile Application (TMA) in its functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency, and User interface/user experience. The study engaged with developmental research using the mobile app development cycle, including requirement specification, development modeling, design and development, testing, and deployment. Online data gathering and analysis were used for mobile application validation, evaluation performance, and mobile deployment. A total of 95 information technology students evaluated the application. The results showed that the application is functional, reliable, usable, efficient, and the user interface is helpful. The overall results obtained a 4.20 with an excellent evaluation that shows that developing a mobile application can be a great tool in the flexible learning delivery for students due to its accessibility and usefulness.
User experience evaluation for a bus tracking apps in smart campus initiativejournalBEEI
Satisfying user experience (UX) is one of the major goals for any application. A good UX will contribute to the higher rate adoption of the application itself. With the emergence of IoT, the concept of smart campus is widely being researched and developed. Smart campus initiative is relatively important as the campus can be considered as a small town by utilizing the same IT infrastructure as smart city. Bus tracking system is one of the initiatives in smart campus environment. One of the main issues is to assess the usability of this apps before it can be deployed widely in campus. This paper will discuss the user experiences evaluation using MeCUE technique on UMS HopIn! a bus tracking apps an initiative towards implementation of smart campus in Universiti Malaysia Sabah. The app gives user the real time location of campus buses and the estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each of the buses. Based on user evaluation it has been found that the application has meet within the expectation with most of the requirements has been fulfilled and the good of UX rating. Thus, the same approach can be applied to support the development of any future smart campus initiative.
Comparative Study and Analysis of Multiplatform Mobile Application DevelopmentIJMTST Journal
There are varieties of mobile platforms for smart-devices, such as iPhones, Android, Blackberry etc.
becoming ubiquitous. Mobile development application that can work across all mobile platforms has led to
invention of Cross platform. Multiplatform framework gives simplified development process using different
emerging technology (Cross platform tool Phone-gap). Here we introducing Smart College System application
provides interface for maintenance of student information and activities. This system deals with execution of
academic operation in smart and simplest way and provides information related to complaints, notices
(general, department related), and placement activity. It also have facility to maintain student details with
report generation and automated email notification and text messages for the users (Student, Faculty, T.P.O.,
H.O.D and Principal). The system helps us to maximize optimization, minimal manual work along with
increase in security.
1. 1
Designing and Implementing M-Learning Model
Hassanin M. Al-Barhamtoshy and Tarik Himdi
hassanin@kau.edu.sa and thimdi@kau.edu.sa
King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia - Jeddah
Abstract
Mobile phones have been one of the most widespread in world market because of the high
penetration of mobile phones market. On the other hand, this makes investment in learning
systems one of the most successful investments. However, with M-Learning, the mobile user can
study his/here lessons from anywhere and anytime using his/her mobile phone, unlike other
learning services that depend on the location of the user.
Moreover, the M-learning system should be designed in a way that it provides easy access to
courses and course material.
M-Learning is depending on mobile technologies and their support infrastructure. In these days,
2.5G, 3G and 3.5G mobile technologies are used as a platform for deploying of communication,
e-content and mobile services.
The purpose of this research is to design and implement a model M-Learning system. The
proposed system takes care of security, interoperability, and user friendly. The proposed M-
Learning system will base on XML Web Services as a component model.
1. Introduction
Wireless learning is not a learning strategy; it is a delivery strategy. In the same way, mobile
learning or m-learning are also delivery strategies. These delivery strategies support a range of
instructional strategies and designs [1]. The m-learning strategies presented here focus on ways
to use mobile devices.
M-learning is the exciting art of using mobile technologies to enhance the learning experience.
Mobile phones, PDAs, Pocket PCs and the Internet can be blended to engage and motivate
learners, any time and anywhere [ http://www.m-learning.org/ ]. Learners send text (SMS) or
picture (MMS) messages from their phones to the web-based media Board to contribute to both
personal and collaborative web sites. Create engaging information sheets with a quiz on the back.
Learners send a simple text message with the answer and get an instant reply.
Before picturing the new proposed approach, it is important to ask the essential questions. What
gap in skill and knowledge are we trying to fill? What are the options? What are the costs? How
do the benefits and limitations of these options compare? Is our learning intervention part of a
larger solution such as a documentation system, learning management system, order entry
system, or data collection solution? The following sections will give skills needed to evaluate m-
learning as a delivery strategy.
There are pros and cons for each option. A multidimensional framework developed by Goh and
Kinshuk [2] suggests that the pros and cons for e-learning and m-learning fall into four
dimensions: content, device, connectivity, and collaboration. Limitations such as screen size,
resolution, input/output modes, navigation, and bandwidth require content be optimized for each
device. In addition, a plan must be put in place to update that content on disconnected devices.
Connectivity affects tracking. If knowing who is using the systems matters, mobile and fixed-
line systems will deliver immediate results. On the other hand, disconnected use systems will
require additional technology to upload information on how and what is being used.
2. 2
Collaboration is defined as “the ability for the learner to send messages to fellow students,
contact the facilitator, and query experts is a clear strength of fixed-line systems” [1].
Collaboration can include instant messaging, participation in a threaded discussion, and
embedded e-mail. The degree of collaboration available to mobile wireless users will be
dependent on the device.
There are one and a half billion cell phones in operation around the world, and a large percentage
of them are in the hands of students [3].
Mobile learning devices can be connected to a wireless network or they can work in
disconnected mode. In a disconnected mode, the device must have content downloaded in
advance- so not all mobile devices are wireless. Likewise, not all wireless devices are mobile;
many people consider a laptop PC with WiFi cards too weighty to be really mobile. Examples of
common mobile devices (not all educationally practical) are Mobile Pocket PCs, Laptops, Smart
phones, Tablet PCs, and Personal communication devices such as pagers [1].
The interest in this technology is being driven by the rapid growth of wireless and mobile
devices. As Harvey Singh (2003), CEO of NavoWave, points out [4]:
More than 50 percent of jobs are mobile- away from a physical office.
In the United States, an average worker spends only two days in formal training
programs.
To date, over 500 million Web-enabled mobile phones have been shipped to customers.
Multipurpose hand-held devices, such as PDAs and cell phones, will outsell laptop and
desktop computers combined by 2005.
The enterprise market for mobile computing is estimated at $30 billion.
There are benefits and limitations of m-learning for the two primary delivery strategies: the use
of mobile devices to delivery performance support and the use of mobile devices to teach
through communication [1, 2]. The benefits of m-learning as communication stem from learners
and experts constructing knowledge in an authentic context.
2. M-Learning Limitations
Qingyang done his study at Stanford University’s Language lab [5], he provides some insights
into the fragmented experience of learning with mobile device. The study warned that “Learning
requires concentration and reflection. However, being on-the-go (riding a train, sitting in a cafe,
walking down the street) is fraught with distractions. Students are in situations that place
unpredictable but important demands on their attention. This leaves the mobile learner with a
highly distracted, highly fragmented experience. The learning application must be designed with
this in mind.”
Experts [6] have suggested that “some employees are unsure about evaluating their personal
learning experiences. The lack of external feedback can cause learners to question their goals and
achievements.” Therefore, using m-learning delivery devices and strategies for self-directed
learning compounds this challenge.
Mobile and wireless devices have limitations due to screen size and ability to access information
designed for traditional web-based viewing, if the mobile devices are accessing information from
websites [7].
One of the biggest limitations and drawbacks for using a mobile wireless e-learning solution is
cost. Recommending m-learning or wireless learning means devices for each learner, paying for
wireless service, budgeting for maintenance and upgrades, and supporting for resolve technical
problems.
3. 3
Due to security challenge of mobile devices size and portability, they are easy to lose, subject to
damage, and more likely to be stolen than desktop systems. In a Computer World article, Muir
[8] estimates that “probably fewer than 10 percent of mobile devices used by major organizations
have serious protection for stored data”.
3. The Proposed Model Structure
Due to the widespread of mobile phones in world market, specially in Saudi market with the high
technology and penetration, 98 % of student segment in KAU have mobiles with 3.5 G.
Appendix (A) contains the questionnaire assessment for this segment of KAU (182 students).
Consequently, our proposed M-Learning can be grouped into three delivery strategies: m-
learning as e-learning, performance support, and communication [1, 2]. The first strategy is the
least modern, but probably the easiest to execute and most frequently used. The last two
strategies are more modern, but less frequently used. None of these delivery strategies is
designed to be a stand-alone learning solution. They might be blended into larger programs to
extend learning to the work site.
3.1. M-Learning as E-Learning
The first approach can be expressed as math equation, m-learning = e-learning. The internet
access will be via wireless devices, it follows that e-learning simply becomes m-learning. In this
most simplistic view, e-learning and m-learning are the same; just the devices differ. In either
case it is the same course, taken on the same PC notebook, and there is little need to rethink
strategies because the device (the PC) remains constant; only the network connection changes.
Fig. 1 depicts the following assumed technical basic gathering of this scenario. Course 1 operates
an e-Learning (LMS) system on Server 1. Contents on Server 1 should be modified within a
content transaction with Server 2 by means of the mobile client 1. Course 2 operates an e-
Learning (LMS) system on Server 2. At the place of the meeting of wireless 1, 2 and 3, a mobile
client 2, which access contents on Server 2, is used.
Altogether 10 different communication ways are possible between these five systems (
3
5 = 10 )
from which five can occur via wireless network technologies.
Fig. 1: Technical components in an ad hoc M-Learning integration scenario
Mobile
Client 2
Mobile
Client 1
Mobile
Client 3
Server 2
LMS
Course #2
Server 1
LMS
Course #1
1
2
3
4 5
7
6
98
10
4. 4
Therefore, mobility can be conceptualized in different ways, i.e., mobility of the user, mobility of
the device, and mobility of services [9]. Consequently, they believe that the important basic
components of m-learning are identity, learner, activity, facility, and collaboration.
3.2 The Proposed System Architecture based on web services
Figure 2 illustrate the proposed architecture for Mobile E-learning system. The system has two
parts: server side and client side. The server side has one or more web services for manipulation
E-learning contents. The client side is a software installed on each Mobile machine for
requesting, submitting, and viewing e-content.
Mobile 1
Mobile 2
Mobile n
Fig. 2: All E-learning Web services run on one Machine
3.2.1 Scalability
The critical factor for a distributed e-learning application is the ability to grow with
the number of users, the amount of data, and the required functionality. The e-
learning application should be small and fast when the demands are minimal, but it
should be able to handle additional without sacrificing performance or reliability.
Web service provides a number of features that enhance e-learning application
scalability one of them is Flexible Deployment
Mobile Network
Connection
Web Services 1
5. 5
3.2.2 Flexible Deployment
As the load on an e-learning application grows, web service's location
independence makes it easy to distribute web services over other computers,
offering an easier and less expensive route to scalability. Redeployment is easiest
for stateless servicess or for those that do not share their state with other servicess.
For web services such as these, it is possible to run multiple copies on different
machines. The learner load can be evenly distributed among the machines, or
criteria like machine capacity or even current load can be take into consideration.
With Web services, it is easy to change the way clients connect to web services
and web services connect to each other. The same web services can be dynamically
redeployed, without any rework or even recompilation. All that is necessary is to
update the registry, file system, or database where the location of each web service
is stored. Figure 3 shows an example for redeployment the e-learning web service
on several server machines.
Mobile 2
Mobile i
Mobile n
Fig. 3: ReDeployment of E-learning web services on several machines
3.3. M-Learning Framework
The most basic component of learning is the delivery of the contents [9-12]. David Parsons and
et al [9] presented a frame work of the M-Learning model structure. The model includes 4 M-
Learning requirements [9]; learning objectives, learning experience, M-Learning contexts, and
E-Learning Web
Services 2
E-Learning Web
Services 2
Mobile Network
Connection
6. 6
generic mobile environment design issues. Moreover, the feasibility of mobile learning can be
justified from the perspective of devices and market trends [13].
The learning objectives of the proposed model contain (1) individual learning (improved skills
and new skills), (2) Collective learning (social skills and team skills). The learning experience
includes organized contents, outcome and feedback, goals and objectives, representation or story,
individual and team development, and social interaction. The mobile learning illustrates identity,
learner, activity, facility, and collaboration. Finally, the generic mobile environment design
issues include user role and profile, mobility, mobile interface design, media types and
communication support.
Figure (4) represents new paradigm of the collaborative flow between mobility suite of design
model and e-Learning model. The representation and organization of contents (e. g. learning
objects) should provide an easy access to the contents.
The proposed model is based on component based software due to many advantages
(encapsulation, complexity management, and reuse) [14]. The component has a logical and
physical (implementation) aspect. The logical representation of a component is modeled using
UML subsystem, which can be thought of as the design view of a component [14].
Fig. 4: New paradigm of the collaborative flow
between mobility model and e-Learning model
Mobile learning consists of main elements [15], it includes (1) Mobile Technology, (2) Mobile
Devices, (3) Wireless Protocols, (4) Wireless Language (like Wireless Markup Language WML),
and (5) Wireless Applications. Figure (5) shows these elements.
Fig 5: Elements of M-Learning
Mobile
Learning
Mobile
Technology
Mobile
Devices
Wireless
Protocols
Wireless
Language
Wireless
Application
Mobile Blend
e-LearningLearningDesign
LearningObject
7. 7
Authoring
Model
Search/Delivery
Engine
Knowledge Base
Learner Content
Provider
3.4 Mobile Enterprise Scenario
Sending a message out in the delivery to collect the content is a common practice of every
learning process. The proposed model is a solution that allows one to take the mobile device out
in the field, fill in the prepared form and send it to the server for processing. This includes:
1. Mobile Server Manager is an application that allows (1) learning design, (2) learning
object and (3) e-learning to prepare the courses form, determines questions and set the
type of answers for the questions.
2. Mobile Client is a mobile device application that presents the content form to the student,
allows him to fill in the answers and sends them to the server for processing.
3. Mobile Web-Service is a server application that accepts the filled-in forms. The
following scheme shows the whole Mobile workflow; figure 6.
Internet
Fig. 6: Mobile Enterprise Scenario
Also, the proposed model has been designed to be a search engine that enables many kinds of
potential students to search for study units from institutions providing higher education. The
architecture of the proposed model consists of three main components: knowledge base,
search/delivery engine and authoring interface (Figure 7).
Fig 7: The Architecture of the Proposed Model
Mobile Client
Mobile Server
Manager :
(1) learning design
(2) learning object
(3) e-learning
8. 8
Figure 8 shows an internal structural view of the CourseCatalog subsystem as well as external
dependencies (IDatabase, ITransaction and IPersistence).
Fig. 8: Internal Structure View of the Course Catalog Subsystem
Figure (9) illustrates sequence diagram and showing how the subsystem implements the
ICourseCatalog.getCourses() operation.
Fig. 9: The Course Catalog Subsystem's Implementation of Course Catalog.get Courses()
Subsystem
(From Dbase Access)
Course Catalog
Get Courses()
Get Sections()
I Transaction
I Database
I Persistence
CatalogClient Course Catalog Connector Course List
1. get Courses(Dept)
1.1. Create(Dept)
1.2. Start()
1.3. Get(IPersistent)
1.4. Commit()
I Transaction I Database
9. 9
3.5. M-Learning Architecture
It is suggested that the proposed model be implemented as a client/server application. Being a
client-side application, overhead of required server-side or online connection is avoided and
additionally provides better management of the LO creation process. This at the same time
allows uniform machine processing, easier access and delivery to other learners. The proposed
model will be to facilitate content submission process by guiding authors through the procedure.
The proposed model is described by the list of “action verbs” listed below in sequence of their
execution. The process is shown in detail in the following:
1. Validate: Both authors and learners will be validated at this stage. Validating content
involves verifying the file structure and the embedded links by parsing through the
document. At the same time, the proposed model will extract additional metadata
regarding the file structure.
2. Identify the learner level and language of the content: Prepare the courses names and
identify the related languages with each course.
3. Download: The learners/authors can download contents of their studies from the server.
4. Upload: The learners/authors can upload home work, assignment and media contents to
their teachers at server.
5. Collect: Information regarding the content and the contributing author(s) are collected
using a form out.
6. Create XML Metadata Record: A first-cut metadata record will be compiled from the
returns of the Form. The Learning Object Metadata standard will be used in the proposed
model. .
7. Get Assignment: The contributing student(s) will be prompted to upload their
assignment to the server. Assignment is expected to be in either html (default) or non-
html format.
8. Update Metadata Record: The Metadata Record of the content will be updated based on
the additional manifest info obtained at the Validation stage.
9. Encapsulate and Zip: The content and its metadata will be packaged and zipped into a
learning-object (LO) file ready for uploading to content server. The zip file will also
contain the LO support files.
4. The Proposed Model Testing
In section 3.2 the proposed model architecture is presented based on web services. The system
has two parts server side and client side. As explained in software testing process [16] has two
distinct goals:
1. To demonstrate the students and authors that the proposed model meets its requirements.
2. To discovers faults or defects in the proposed model where the behavior of the system is
incorrect or does not confirm to its specification.
Consequently, the testing policies may be based on experience of the system usage, therefore
three distinct aspects are needed:
1. All model processes, methods and functions that are accessed within client should be
tested.
10. 10
2. Integration of processes, methods and functions that are accessed through the same
screens must be tested.
3. Where the students/authors input are provided (at any where any time), all processes,
methods and functions that are be tested.
Figure 10 shows the running of the prototype of our proposed mobile system, taken into
consideration the layout solution architecture.
Fig. 10-a Fig. 10b Fig 10c
Fig. 10d Fig. 10e Fig.10f
Fig. 10: The Screen Shot of the Proposed Mobile Learning System
12. 12
[13] Robert Yu-Liang Ting, (2005). Mobile Learning: Current Trend and Future Challenges,
Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT’05), IEEE
Computer Society.
[14] George T. Heineman and Welliam T. Councill (2001), Component-Based Software
Engineering, Addison Wesley.
[15] Korneliya Yordanova (2007), Mobile Learning and Integration of Advanced Technologies
in Education, International Conference on Computer Systems and Technlogies- CompSysTech
'07, 2007 ACM.
Hassanin M. Al-Barhamtoshy received the BSc degree in Electronics & Communication Engineering from Cairo
University, Egypt, in 1978; and the M Sc degree in Systems & Computer Engineering from Al-Azhar University,
Cairo, in 1985. In 1992, he received the PhD degree in Systems & Computer Engineering from Al-Azhar
University. From 1992 to 1997, he worked as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Systems & Computer
Engineering at Al-Azhar University. From 1996 to 1997, he served as an Assistant Professor of Computer Science
at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. From 1998 to 2002, he worked as an Associate
Professor of Computer Science at KAU. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Computer Science and
Information Technology at the Faculty of Computing & Information Technology, KAU. His research interests
include language processing, software engineering, intelligent systems, speech processing, e-learning and m-
Learning, and RFID. Hassanin’s main research area is natural language processing. He is specifically
involved in morphological and syntactic analysis, computational semantics, Arabic computational
linguistics, semantic, ontology and machine learning.
13. 13
Appendix (A)
Initial assessment for learners taking part in the project
Item Yes No
1. Do you have a computer at home?
2. Do you have access to the Internet at home?
3. Do you download photos/videos onto a computer?
4. Do you use a mobile phone?
5. Do you send/ receive text using your mobile phone?
6. Do you play games on your mobile phone?
7. Do you take photos on your mobile phone?
8. Do you use your mobile phone to play videos?
9. Do you have accessing e-mail on your mobile phone?
10. Do you have any office application on your mobile phone?
Gender
Male Female
Age
Under 23
23-26
Over 26
Date..................................................................................................
Location (Faculty , Department, Level, Section)...............................
Thank you for providing this information.