This document discusses the development of an LMS (learning management system) framework appropriate for young pupils. It begins by reviewing common LMS standards and trends, as well as advantages and disadvantages of existing LMS platforms. The document then proposes a strategy for developing a web-based LMS according to the abilities of young pupils, describing a software architecture based on SCORM specifications. A prototype LMS was developed using a user-centered design methodology tailored specifically for young students.
In this modern, age of society where everyone requires individual attention to his/her self in order to gain far more than publicly gather information. Internet becomes the part of life in these circumstances when technology is much more active than any other source of communication. People need to have all information regarding their field of interest at one place stop and this could only be possible because of internet. According to a research, students engage with a lot more new information's from various sources. Particularly, students are more independent in electronic based courses than traditional way of learning courses. Although the virtual source of teaching courses are not so effective because of student unable to pay attention being as in practical classrooms but students are still progressive.
This paper is depending on the effectiveness of e-learning system in the field of education. E-learning can be perceived as a computer-learning program in which students can be taught over computer. However, today the concept of e-learning has been totally changed, it is the collection of technological sources to provide the information you required within a very short period of time. What is good e-learning process? The components and the future perspective of the e-learning program will covered in this paper.
A TOUR OF THE STUDENT’S E-LEARNING PUDDLEacijjournal
E-learning has revolutionized our realm in more than just a listable number of ways. But it took a
paradigm shift when it entered the threshold of the varsity system. With the prevailing spoon-feeding era,
are the students really industry ready? We answer that by confirming afact: web-based learning has
become the oxygen of freshers in the IT Industry instead of the traditionallearning done through
graduation. Furthermore, are university enforced e-learning assessment systems a true representation of a
student's proficiency? This paper is a peep into what web-based e-learning systems are to a student of
today's world, by giving an overview of university-level e-learning in India deploying an example from
SRM University's organizational framework. It assesses a key e-learning trend, the implementation of
which bridges the gap between universities and the industry. It is proposed to provide constructive
feedback to the e-learning community and shine some light on areas of scope for future developments.
Graduate School Cyber Portfolio: The Innovative Menu For Sustainable Developmentacijjournal
In today’s milieu, new demands and trends emerge in the field of Education giving teachers of Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) no choice but to be innovative to cope with the fast changing technology. To be naturally innovative, a graduate school teacher needs to be technologically and pedagogically competent. One of the ways to be on this level is by creating his cyber portfolio to support students’ eportfolio for lifelong learning. Cyber portfolio is an innovative menu for teachers who seek out strategies to integrate technology in their lessons. This paper presents a straightforward preparation on how to innovate a cyber portfolio that has its practical and breakthrough solution against expensive and inflexible vended software which often saddle many universities. Additionally, this cyber portfolio is free and it addresses the 21st century skills of graduate students blended with higher order thinking skills, multiple intelligence, technology and multimedia.
Involving students in managing their own learningeLearning Papers
The primary function of universities is to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to prosper throughout their professional career. Today, to be successful, students will need to continually enhance their knowledge and skills, in order to address immediate problems and to participate in a process of continuing vocational and professional development.
Authors: Malinka Ivanova, Tatyana Ivanova
In this modern, age of society where everyone requires individual attention to his/her self in order to gain far more than publicly gather information. Internet becomes the part of life in these circumstances when technology is much more active than any other source of communication. People need to have all information regarding their field of interest at one place stop and this could only be possible because of internet. According to a research, students engage with a lot more new information's from various sources. Particularly, students are more independent in electronic based courses than traditional way of learning courses. Although the virtual source of teaching courses are not so effective because of student unable to pay attention being as in practical classrooms but students are still progressive.
This paper is depending on the effectiveness of e-learning system in the field of education. E-learning can be perceived as a computer-learning program in which students can be taught over computer. However, today the concept of e-learning has been totally changed, it is the collection of technological sources to provide the information you required within a very short period of time. What is good e-learning process? The components and the future perspective of the e-learning program will covered in this paper.
A TOUR OF THE STUDENT’S E-LEARNING PUDDLEacijjournal
E-learning has revolutionized our realm in more than just a listable number of ways. But it took a
paradigm shift when it entered the threshold of the varsity system. With the prevailing spoon-feeding era,
are the students really industry ready? We answer that by confirming afact: web-based learning has
become the oxygen of freshers in the IT Industry instead of the traditionallearning done through
graduation. Furthermore, are university enforced e-learning assessment systems a true representation of a
student's proficiency? This paper is a peep into what web-based e-learning systems are to a student of
today's world, by giving an overview of university-level e-learning in India deploying an example from
SRM University's organizational framework. It assesses a key e-learning trend, the implementation of
which bridges the gap between universities and the industry. It is proposed to provide constructive
feedback to the e-learning community and shine some light on areas of scope for future developments.
Graduate School Cyber Portfolio: The Innovative Menu For Sustainable Developmentacijjournal
In today’s milieu, new demands and trends emerge in the field of Education giving teachers of Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) no choice but to be innovative to cope with the fast changing technology. To be naturally innovative, a graduate school teacher needs to be technologically and pedagogically competent. One of the ways to be on this level is by creating his cyber portfolio to support students’ eportfolio for lifelong learning. Cyber portfolio is an innovative menu for teachers who seek out strategies to integrate technology in their lessons. This paper presents a straightforward preparation on how to innovate a cyber portfolio that has its practical and breakthrough solution against expensive and inflexible vended software which often saddle many universities. Additionally, this cyber portfolio is free and it addresses the 21st century skills of graduate students blended with higher order thinking skills, multiple intelligence, technology and multimedia.
Involving students in managing their own learningeLearning Papers
The primary function of universities is to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to prosper throughout their professional career. Today, to be successful, students will need to continually enhance their knowledge and skills, in order to address immediate problems and to participate in a process of continuing vocational and professional development.
Authors: Malinka Ivanova, Tatyana Ivanova
The e-learning contained many educational resources are generally used in learning systems like Moodle, It’s free open source software packages designed and flexible platform to create Learning Objects (LOs) and users’ accounts. The author demonstrates how to use semantic web technologies to improve online learning environments and bridge the gap between learners and LOs. The ontological construction presented here helps formalize LOs context as a complex interplay of different learning-related elements and shows how we can use semantic annotation to interrelate diverse between learner and LOs. On top of this construction, the author implemented several feedback channels for educators to improve the delivery of future Web-based learning. The particular aim of this paper was to provide a solution based in the Moodle Platform. The main idea behind the approach presented here is that ontology which can not only be useful as a learning instrument but it can also be employed to assess students’ skills. For it, each student is prompted to express his/her beliefs by building own discipline-related ontology through an application displayed in the interface of Moodle. This paper presents the ontology for an e-Learning System, which arranges metadata, and defines the relationships of metadata, which are about learning objects; belong to academic courses and user profiles. This ontology has been incorporated as a critical part of the proposed architecture. By this ontology, effective retrieval of learning content, customizing Learning Management System (LMS) is expected. Metadata used in this paper are based on current metadata standards. This ontology specified in human and machine-readable formats. In implementing it, several APIs were defined to manage the ontology. They were introduced into a typical LMS such as Moodle. Proposed ontology maps user preferences with learning content to satisfy learner requirements. These learning objects are presented to the learner based on ontological relationships. Hence it increases the usability and customizes the LMS. In conclusion, ontologies have a range of potential benefits and applications in further and higher education, including the sharing of information across e-learning systems, providing frameworks for learning object reuse, and enabling information between learner and system parts.
Presentation of Timothy Read, for EDEN's European Online and Distance Learning Week on 'European Vocational Skills Week 2020 – VET and digital tools' - Monday, November 9, 2020, 13:00-14:30 CET
More info:
https://www.eden-online.org/eden_conference/eodlw-2020-10/
A vast majority of students in computing and related disciplines expect to interact with their systems and computing devices using a graphical user interface. Any other means of interacting with a device is deemed unseemly and is quickly met with frustration and rejection. This can partly be attributed to the fact that most operating systems and the tools that run on these platforms offer a rich “point-and-click” interface in an effort to make their systems user friendly. However, in contrast, when it comes to the study of system and cyber security, a mastery over the console and the command-line interface is imperative. In our experience in teaching most courses on system and cyber security, students seem to have the greatest difficulty in using the console/command-prompt/shell. This issue is further exacerbated since many security and related open source forensics tools are designed to run in a Unix-based environment, typically a shell, and even fewer students are familiar with the UNIX environment and find the entire experience all the more daunting. Even the simple command-prompt, ubiquitous on all Microsoft Windows operating systems, is met with significant disdain by today's students, both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. There are several solutions that have been proposed and designed to alleviate this exact issue in the field of computer programming. Video tool, Dragon Drop Pictorial Programming, Alice and Jpie are various stand-alone tools introduced to ease the inherent challenges in learning a new programming language and environment. To alleviate this situation, in this paper, we propose the first tool of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, which aims to tutor a console application using a graphical interface and adapts to the students' progress. The ultimate aim is to eliminate students' dependence on graphical interfaces and convert her to a power user of a system. Our tool, called Interactive Bash Shell Adaptive Tutoring System (iBaTs), enables students to familiarize themselves with the UNIX environment and the Bash Shell on a Windows operating system. In this work, we discuss the architecture of our tutoring program and demonstrate that our system sports several innovative pedagogical features that makes it a unique, fun, encouraging and adaptive learning environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort that aims to address this issue.
Earl Pace and David Wimberly founded BDPA in November 1975 as a local association. Within three years, the founders grew BDPA into a national organization with chapters in Philadelphia, Washington DC and Cleveland.
Today, there are 45 chapters throughout the United States. One part of the BDPA legacy is our Student Information Technology & Scholarship (SITES) program. This is a program that enriches the educational opportunities for our students in an after-school program of technology training with a focus on low-and moderate-income communities.
BDPA established the Student Information Technology & Scholarship (SITES) program to teach advanced computer science and community responsibility to students from historically disadvantaged communities. BDPA has provided meaningful STEM experiences to over 10,000 since the beginning of the SITES program … with over 1,700 students having a chance to compete in our national High School Computer Competition (HSCC) championships. We are proud to have given out over 150 college scholarships to well-deserving students in our SITES program.
There are three major components of our SITES program that impact on the educational future of K-12 students:
1. Computer Camps
2. High School Computer Competition (HSCC)
3. IT Showcase
Most of our 45 local BDPA chapters run youth education programs that provide science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) curriculum and experiences on Saturdays for young people of color. These training programs host an average of 24 students for anywhere for up to 20 weeks and inspire our young people to become interested in BDPA and in the potential of a future course of study that focuses on STEM-based building blocks.
Transforming Education through Disruptive TechnologiesAspire Systems
IT budget cuts post-recession have forced education CIO’s to increase dependence on emerging cost-effective technologies like collaboration platforms, web based applications and the now buzzed Cloud Computing. However, the technology invasion in education is still nascent and various revolutionary concepts, like augmented reality and semantic web, are on the verge of becoming mainstream.
To penetrate beyond the inevitable hype and disruption, this webinar will be looking at the following:
- The best emerging technologies that education software providers should invest in
- Technologies recommended for classroom adoption among educational institutions
- Effects of adopting such disruptive technologies
- Obtaining the best out of established technologies
Daniel Downs Technology Curriculum & Instruction Portfolio 2013Daniel Downs
Portfolio of experiences and training using technology in classrooms.There are live links all throughout so be sure to check out the content. Experiences include mobile app curriculum,integration lessons,online web assessments and student presentations and graphics.
Solving The Problem of Adaptive E-Learning By Using Social NetworksEswar Publications
This paper propose an enhanced E-Learning Social Network Exploiting Approach focused around chart model and clustering algorithm, which can consequently gathering dispersed e-learners with comparative premiums and make fitting suggestions, which can at last upgrade the collective learning among comparable e-learners. Through closeness
revelation, trust weights overhaul and potential companions change, the algorithm actualized a programmed adjusted trust association with progressively upgraded fulfillments.
Career day 2014 at Queens Vocational and Technical HSKristen T
I had the wonderful opportunity to give a talk on Career Day at Queens Vocational and Technical HS this past Friday (6/6/14), these are the slides that I used. I also posted some resources for the students here: http://www.protopage.com/ktreglia#Untitled/Career_Day_2014
A Survey on E-Learning System with Data MiningIIRindia
E-learning process has been widely used in university campus and educational institutions are playing vital role to enhance the skill set of students. Modern E-learning done by many electronic devices, such as smartphones, Tabs, and so on, on existing E-learning tools is insufficient to achieve the purpose of online training of education. This paper presents a survey of online e-Learning authoring tools for creating and integrating reusable e-learning tool for generation and enhancing existing learning resources with them. The work concentrates on evaluation of the existing e-learning tools a, and authoring tools that have shown good performance in the past for online learners. This survey work takes more than 20 online tools that deal with the educational sector mechanism, for the purpose of observations, and the outcome were analyzed. The findings of this paper are the main reason for developing a new tool, and it shows that educators can enhance existing learning resources by adding assessment resources, if suitable authoring tools are provided. Finally, the different factors that assure the reusability of the created new e-learning tool has been analysed in this paper.E-learning environment is a guide for both students and tutorial management system. The useful on the e-learning system for apart from students and distance learning students. The purpose of using e-learning environment for online education system, developed in data mining for more number of clustering servers and resource chain has been good.
AN OVERVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING FOR E-LEARNING WITH ITS KEY BENEFITSijistjournal
Education is a necessary human virtue and essential for society because it reflects the personality of the human being in our society. The effective way of teaching gives the quality of education and advance learning such as e-learning to the learners and also a high quality of teaching to the tutors. Information Technology (IT) plays a significant role in field of education. Now days, E-learning and M-learning have become very popular trends of the education technology riot. E-Learning is the new tool related to the virtualized distance learning by means of electronic communication mechanisms, specifically the Internet to enhance the traditional learning system. An E-learning system generally needs a lot of software and hardware resources. Today, many educational institutions cannot afford such investments and environments therefore cloud computing is the finest solution. The Cloud Computing environment rises swiftly as a natural platform to provide support to e-Learning systems. Hence, this paper presents the impact on using cloud computing for e-learning which contains an innovative environment resulting from both virtual and personal learning environments. This paper introduces concepts of e-learning and cloud computing infrastructure with their key benefits.
The e-learning contained many educational resources are generally used in learning systems like Moodle, It’s free open source software packages designed and flexible platform to create Learning Objects (LOs) and users’ accounts. The author demonstrates how to use semantic web technologies to improve online learning environments and bridge the gap between learners and LOs. The ontological construction presented here helps formalize LOs context as a complex interplay of different learning-related elements and shows how we can use semantic annotation to interrelate diverse between learner and LOs. On top of this construction, the author implemented several feedback channels for educators to improve the delivery of future Web-based learning. The particular aim of this paper was to provide a solution based in the Moodle Platform. The main idea behind the approach presented here is that ontology which can not only be useful as a learning instrument but it can also be employed to assess students’ skills. For it, each student is prompted to express his/her beliefs by building own discipline-related ontology through an application displayed in the interface of Moodle. This paper presents the ontology for an e-Learning System, which arranges metadata, and defines the relationships of metadata, which are about learning objects; belong to academic courses and user profiles. This ontology has been incorporated as a critical part of the proposed architecture. By this ontology, effective retrieval of learning content, customizing Learning Management System (LMS) is expected. Metadata used in this paper are based on current metadata standards. This ontology specified in human and machine-readable formats. In implementing it, several APIs were defined to manage the ontology. They were introduced into a typical LMS such as Moodle. Proposed ontology maps user preferences with learning content to satisfy learner requirements. These learning objects are presented to the learner based on ontological relationships. Hence it increases the usability and customizes the LMS. In conclusion, ontologies have a range of potential benefits and applications in further and higher education, including the sharing of information across e-learning systems, providing frameworks for learning object reuse, and enabling information between learner and system parts.
Presentation of Timothy Read, for EDEN's European Online and Distance Learning Week on 'European Vocational Skills Week 2020 – VET and digital tools' - Monday, November 9, 2020, 13:00-14:30 CET
More info:
https://www.eden-online.org/eden_conference/eodlw-2020-10/
A vast majority of students in computing and related disciplines expect to interact with their systems and computing devices using a graphical user interface. Any other means of interacting with a device is deemed unseemly and is quickly met with frustration and rejection. This can partly be attributed to the fact that most operating systems and the tools that run on these platforms offer a rich “point-and-click” interface in an effort to make their systems user friendly. However, in contrast, when it comes to the study of system and cyber security, a mastery over the console and the command-line interface is imperative. In our experience in teaching most courses on system and cyber security, students seem to have the greatest difficulty in using the console/command-prompt/shell. This issue is further exacerbated since many security and related open source forensics tools are designed to run in a Unix-based environment, typically a shell, and even fewer students are familiar with the UNIX environment and find the entire experience all the more daunting. Even the simple command-prompt, ubiquitous on all Microsoft Windows operating systems, is met with significant disdain by today's students, both at the graduate and undergraduate levels. There are several solutions that have been proposed and designed to alleviate this exact issue in the field of computer programming. Video tool, Dragon Drop Pictorial Programming, Alice and Jpie are various stand-alone tools introduced to ease the inherent challenges in learning a new programming language and environment. To alleviate this situation, in this paper, we propose the first tool of its kind, to the best of our knowledge, which aims to tutor a console application using a graphical interface and adapts to the students' progress. The ultimate aim is to eliminate students' dependence on graphical interfaces and convert her to a power user of a system. Our tool, called Interactive Bash Shell Adaptive Tutoring System (iBaTs), enables students to familiarize themselves with the UNIX environment and the Bash Shell on a Windows operating system. In this work, we discuss the architecture of our tutoring program and demonstrate that our system sports several innovative pedagogical features that makes it a unique, fun, encouraging and adaptive learning environment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort that aims to address this issue.
Earl Pace and David Wimberly founded BDPA in November 1975 as a local association. Within three years, the founders grew BDPA into a national organization with chapters in Philadelphia, Washington DC and Cleveland.
Today, there are 45 chapters throughout the United States. One part of the BDPA legacy is our Student Information Technology & Scholarship (SITES) program. This is a program that enriches the educational opportunities for our students in an after-school program of technology training with a focus on low-and moderate-income communities.
BDPA established the Student Information Technology & Scholarship (SITES) program to teach advanced computer science and community responsibility to students from historically disadvantaged communities. BDPA has provided meaningful STEM experiences to over 10,000 since the beginning of the SITES program … with over 1,700 students having a chance to compete in our national High School Computer Competition (HSCC) championships. We are proud to have given out over 150 college scholarships to well-deserving students in our SITES program.
There are three major components of our SITES program that impact on the educational future of K-12 students:
1. Computer Camps
2. High School Computer Competition (HSCC)
3. IT Showcase
Most of our 45 local BDPA chapters run youth education programs that provide science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) curriculum and experiences on Saturdays for young people of color. These training programs host an average of 24 students for anywhere for up to 20 weeks and inspire our young people to become interested in BDPA and in the potential of a future course of study that focuses on STEM-based building blocks.
Transforming Education through Disruptive TechnologiesAspire Systems
IT budget cuts post-recession have forced education CIO’s to increase dependence on emerging cost-effective technologies like collaboration platforms, web based applications and the now buzzed Cloud Computing. However, the technology invasion in education is still nascent and various revolutionary concepts, like augmented reality and semantic web, are on the verge of becoming mainstream.
To penetrate beyond the inevitable hype and disruption, this webinar will be looking at the following:
- The best emerging technologies that education software providers should invest in
- Technologies recommended for classroom adoption among educational institutions
- Effects of adopting such disruptive technologies
- Obtaining the best out of established technologies
Daniel Downs Technology Curriculum & Instruction Portfolio 2013Daniel Downs
Portfolio of experiences and training using technology in classrooms.There are live links all throughout so be sure to check out the content. Experiences include mobile app curriculum,integration lessons,online web assessments and student presentations and graphics.
Solving The Problem of Adaptive E-Learning By Using Social NetworksEswar Publications
This paper propose an enhanced E-Learning Social Network Exploiting Approach focused around chart model and clustering algorithm, which can consequently gathering dispersed e-learners with comparative premiums and make fitting suggestions, which can at last upgrade the collective learning among comparable e-learners. Through closeness
revelation, trust weights overhaul and potential companions change, the algorithm actualized a programmed adjusted trust association with progressively upgraded fulfillments.
Career day 2014 at Queens Vocational and Technical HSKristen T
I had the wonderful opportunity to give a talk on Career Day at Queens Vocational and Technical HS this past Friday (6/6/14), these are the slides that I used. I also posted some resources for the students here: http://www.protopage.com/ktreglia#Untitled/Career_Day_2014
A Survey on E-Learning System with Data MiningIIRindia
E-learning process has been widely used in university campus and educational institutions are playing vital role to enhance the skill set of students. Modern E-learning done by many electronic devices, such as smartphones, Tabs, and so on, on existing E-learning tools is insufficient to achieve the purpose of online training of education. This paper presents a survey of online e-Learning authoring tools for creating and integrating reusable e-learning tool for generation and enhancing existing learning resources with them. The work concentrates on evaluation of the existing e-learning tools a, and authoring tools that have shown good performance in the past for online learners. This survey work takes more than 20 online tools that deal with the educational sector mechanism, for the purpose of observations, and the outcome were analyzed. The findings of this paper are the main reason for developing a new tool, and it shows that educators can enhance existing learning resources by adding assessment resources, if suitable authoring tools are provided. Finally, the different factors that assure the reusability of the created new e-learning tool has been analysed in this paper.E-learning environment is a guide for both students and tutorial management system. The useful on the e-learning system for apart from students and distance learning students. The purpose of using e-learning environment for online education system, developed in data mining for more number of clustering servers and resource chain has been good.
AN OVERVIEW OF CLOUD COMPUTING FOR E-LEARNING WITH ITS KEY BENEFITSijistjournal
Education is a necessary human virtue and essential for society because it reflects the personality of the human being in our society. The effective way of teaching gives the quality of education and advance learning such as e-learning to the learners and also a high quality of teaching to the tutors. Information Technology (IT) plays a significant role in field of education. Now days, E-learning and M-learning have become very popular trends of the education technology riot. E-Learning is the new tool related to the virtualized distance learning by means of electronic communication mechanisms, specifically the Internet to enhance the traditional learning system. An E-learning system generally needs a lot of software and hardware resources. Today, many educational institutions cannot afford such investments and environments therefore cloud computing is the finest solution. The Cloud Computing environment rises swiftly as a natural platform to provide support to e-Learning systems. Hence, this paper presents the impact on using cloud computing for e-learning which contains an innovative environment resulting from both virtual and personal learning environments. This paper introduces concepts of e-learning and cloud computing infrastructure with their key benefits.
E-Learning: Challenges and Research Opportunities Using Machine Learning & Da...eraser Juan José Calderón
E-Learning: Challenges and Research Opportunities Using Machine Learning & Data Analytics
de ABDALLAH MOUBAYED 1 , MOHAMMADNOOR INJADAT1 , ALI BOU NASSIF2 , HANAN LUTFIYYA3 , AND ABDALLAH SHAMI1 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada 2Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates 3Computer Science Department, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada Corresponding author: Abdallah Moubayed (amoubaye@uwo.ca)
ABSTRACT
With the proliferation of technology, the field of e-learning has garnered significant attention in recent times. This is because it has allowed users from around the world to learn and access new information. This has added to the growing amount of collected data that is already being generated through different devices and sensors employed around the world. This has led to the need to analyze collected data and extract useful information from it. Machine learning (ML) and data analytics (DA) are proposed techniques that can help extract information and find valuable patterns within the collected data. In this paper, the field of e-learning is investigated in terms of definitions and characteristics. Moreover, the various challenges facing the different participants within this process are discussed. In addition, some of the works proposed in the literature to tackle these challenges are presented. Then, a brief survey about some of the most popular ML and DA techniques is given. Finally, some of the research opportunities available that employ such techniques are proposed to give insights into the areas that merit further exploration and investigation.
Selection of Learning Materials Based on Students’ Behaviors in 3DMUVLETELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Learning in 3-dimensional virtual environments has been widely used as a complement to traditional learning. Multi User Virtual Learning Environment in 3 Dimensions (3DMUVLE) provides many benefits and can support lifelong learning. In its implementation, this learning has not supported personal learning. This study aims to build a 3DMUVLE with personalized materials based on students' models. The system development model uses the Linear Sequence model by integrating MOODLE, SLOODLE and OPENSIM. Student's model in this research is Myer Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and determination of type uses fuzzy logic. The results of this study are 16 types of students and each type consists of 3 levels: low, medium and high. Each level has a specific learning material. The implication of this research is the level of MBTI type so that the learning material is more specific.
Investigating a theoretical framework for e-learning technology acceptance IJECEIAES
E-learning has gained recognition and fame in delivering and distributing educational resources, and the same has become possible with the occurrence of Internet and Web technologies. The research seeks to determine the factors that influence students' acceptance of E-learning and to find out the way these factors determine the students' intention to employ E-learning. A theoretical framework was developed based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). To obtain information from the 270 university students who utilized the E-learning system, a questionnaire was formulated. The results revealed that “social influence, perceived enjoyment, self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use” are the strongest and most important predictors in the intention of and students towards E-learning systems. The outcomes offer practical implications for practitioners, lawmakers, and developers in effective E-learning systems implementation to improve ongoing interests and activities of university students in a virtual E-learning atmosphere, valuable recommendations for E-learning practices are given by the research findings, and these may turn out to be as guidelines for the efficient design of E-learning systems.
AN ADAPTIVE AND INTELLIGENT TUTOR BY EXPERT SYSTEMS FOR MOBILE DEVICESijmpict
Mobile Learning (M-Learning) is an emerging discipline in the area of education and educational technology. So researchers are trying to optimize and expanding its application in the field of education. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of mobile devices and expert systems in disseminating and supporting the knowledge gained by intelligent tutors and to propose a system based on integration of intelligent M-Learning with expert systems. It acts as an intelligent tutor which can perform three processes - pre-test, learning concept and post-test - according to characteristic of the learner. The proposed system can improves the education efficiency highly as well as decreases costs. As a result, every time and everywhere (ETEW) simple and cheap learning would be provided via SMS, MMS and so on in this system. The global intention of M-Learning is to make learning “a way of being”.
Development of E-learning Software Based Multiplatform ComponentsjournalBEEI
E-learning software is a product of information and communication technology used to help dynamic and flexible learning process between teacher and student. The software technology was first used in the development of e-learning software in the form of web applications. The advantages of this technology because of the ease in the development, installation, and distribution of data. Along with advances in mobile/wireless electronics technology, e-learning software is adapted to this technology known as mobile learning. The ability of this electronic device is the same as a single computer even though it is simpler than a single computer. The problem that arises when e-learning software operates on multiple platforms is that computer programs are made repeatedly depending on the platform being used. This situation will obviously affect the quality of e-learning software. To overcome these problems, in this study developed component-based software that is a modern paradigm for software development that produces reusable software components, high quality, and cost-effective. In software development, software components will be assembled in the software in need. The result of this research is high quality e-learning software based multiplatform component.
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTIONS OF LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTE...ijseajournal
Learner centred design (LCD) focuses on creating an e-learning system that can fulfil individual needs
through personalization, nevertheless there are still many technical challenges. Besides, losing balanced
focus on both of the learners and the instructors does not help to create a successful e-learning system.
User-centred design helps to improve the usability of a system as it integrates requirements and user
interface designs based on users’ needs. The findings of this research prove that even the users are
provided with the same LMS, not everyone has the same perceptions or tolerance levels of the seven design
factors that may cause frustrations to the users, and not everyone has the same satisfaction level of
navigation experience and interface design. It is important for the LMS developers to understand that the
variations between roles, genders, experiences and ages exist and should not be ignored when designing
the system.
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things ...IJECEIAES
This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R 2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R 2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
A review on internet of things-based stingless bee's honey production with im...IJECEIAES
Honey is produced exclusively by honeybees and stingless bees which both are well adapted to tropical and subtropical regions such as Malaysia. Stingless bees are known for producing small amounts of honey and are known for having a unique flavor profile. Problem identified that many stingless bees collapsed due to weather, temperature and environment. It is critical to understand the relationship between the production of stingless bee honey and environmental conditions to improve honey production. Thus, this paper presents a review on stingless bee's honey production and prediction modeling. About 54 previous research has been analyzed and compared in identifying the research gaps. A framework on modeling the prediction of stingless bee honey is derived. The result presents the comparison and analysis on the internet of things (IoT) monitoring systems, honey production estimation, convolution neural networks (CNNs), and automatic identification methods on bee species. It is identified based on image detection method the top best three efficiency presents CNN is at 98.67%, densely connected convolutional networks with YOLO v3 is 97.7%, and DenseNet201 convolutional networks 99.81%. This study is significant to assist the researcher in developing a model for predicting stingless honey produced by bee's output, which is important for a stable economy and food security.
A trust based secure access control using authentication mechanism for intero...IJECEIAES
The internet of things (IoT) is a revolutionary innovation in many aspects of our society including interactions, financial activity, and global security such as the military and battlefield internet. Due to the limited energy and processing capacity of network devices, security, energy consumption, compatibility, and device heterogeneity are the long-term IoT problems. As a result, energy and security are critical for data transmission across edge and IoT networks. Existing IoT interoperability techniques need more computation time, have unreliable authentication mechanisms that break easily, lose data easily, and have low confidentiality. In this paper, a key agreement protocol-based authentication mechanism for IoT devices is offered as a solution to this issue. This system makes use of information exchange, which must be secured to prevent access by unauthorized users. Using a compact contiki/cooja simulator, the performance and design of the suggested framework are validated. The simulation findings are evaluated based on detection of malicious nodes after 60 minutes of simulation. The suggested trust method, which is based on privacy access control, reduced packet loss ratio to 0.32%, consumed 0.39% power, and had the greatest average residual energy of 0.99 mJoules at 10 nodes.
Fuzzy linear programming with the intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbersIJECEIAES
In real world applications, data are subject to ambiguity due to several factors; fuzzy sets and fuzzy numbers propose a great tool to model such ambiguity. In case of hesitation, the complement of a membership value in fuzzy numbers can be different from the non-membership value, in which case we can model using intuitionistic fuzzy numbers as they provide flexibility by defining both a membership and a non-membership functions. In this article, we consider the intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem with intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy numbers, which is a generalization of the previous polygonal fuzzy numbers found in the literature. We present a modification of the simplex method that can be used to solve any general intuitionistic fuzzy linear programming problem after approximating the problem by an intuitionistic polygonal fuzzy number with n edges. This method is given in a simple tableau formulation, and then applied on numerical examples for clarity.
The performance of artificial intelligence in prostate magnetic resonance im...IJECEIAES
Prostate cancer is the predominant form of cancer observed in men worldwide. The application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a guidance tool for conducting biopsies has been established as a reliable and well-established approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The diagnostic performance of MRI-guided prostate cancer diagnosis exhibits significant heterogeneity due to the intricate and multi-step nature of the diagnostic pathway. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) models, specifically through the utilization of machine learning techniques such as deep learning, is assuming an increasingly significant role in the field of radiology. In the realm of prostate MRI, a considerable body of literature has been dedicated to the development of various AI algorithms. These algorithms have been specifically designed for tasks such as prostate segmentation, lesion identification, and classification. The overarching objective of these endeavors is to enhance diagnostic performance and foster greater agreement among different observers within MRI scans for the prostate. This review article aims to provide a concise overview of the application of AI in the field of radiology, with a specific focus on its utilization in prostate MRI.
Seizure stage detection of epileptic seizure using convolutional neural networksIJECEIAES
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), seventy million individuals worldwide suffer from epilepsy, a neurological disorder. While electroencephalography (EEG) is crucial for diagnosing epilepsy and monitoring the brain activity of epilepsy patients, it requires a specialist to examine all EEG recordings to find epileptic behavior. This procedure needs an experienced doctor, and a precise epilepsy diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. To identify epileptic seizures, this study employed a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on raw scalp EEG signals to discriminate between preictal, ictal, postictal, and interictal segments. The possibility of these characteristics is explored by examining how well timedomain signals work in the detection of epileptic signals using intracranial Freiburg Hospital (FH), scalp Children's Hospital Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (CHB-MIT) databases, and Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG. To test the viability of this approach, two types of experiments were carried out. Firstly, binary class classification (preictal, ictal, postictal each versus interictal) and four-class classification (interictal versus preictal versus ictal versus postictal). The average accuracy for stage detection using CHB-MIT database was 84.4%, while the Freiburg database's time-domain signals had an accuracy of 79.7% and the highest accuracy of 94.02% for classification in the TUH EEG database when comparing interictal stage to preictal stage.
Analysis of driving style using self-organizing maps to analyze driver behaviorIJECEIAES
Modern life is strongly associated with the use of cars, but the increase in acceleration speeds and their maneuverability leads to a dangerous driving style for some drivers. In these conditions, the development of a method that allows you to track the behavior of the driver is relevant. The article provides an overview of existing methods and models for assessing the functioning of motor vehicles and driver behavior. Based on this, a combined algorithm for recognizing driving style is proposed. To do this, a set of input data was formed, including 20 descriptive features: About the environment, the driver's behavior and the characteristics of the functioning of the car, collected using OBD II. The generated data set is sent to the Kohonen network, where clustering is performed according to driving style and degree of danger. Getting the driving characteristics into a particular cluster allows you to switch to the private indicators of an individual driver and considering individual driving characteristics. The application of the method allows you to identify potentially dangerous driving styles that can prevent accidents.
Hyperspectral object classification using hybrid spectral-spatial fusion and ...IJECEIAES
Because of its spectral-spatial and temporal resolution of greater areas, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has found widespread application in the field of object classification. The HSI is typically used to accurately determine an object's physical characteristics as well as to locate related objects with appropriate spectral fingerprints. As a result, the HSI has been extensively applied to object identification in several fields, including surveillance, agricultural monitoring, environmental research, and precision agriculture. However, because of their enormous size, objects require a lot of time to classify; for this reason, both spectral and spatial feature fusion have been completed. The existing classification strategy leads to increased misclassification, and the feature fusion method is unable to preserve semantic object inherent features; This study addresses the research difficulties by introducing a hybrid spectral-spatial fusion (HSSF) technique to minimize feature size while maintaining object intrinsic qualities; Lastly, a soft-margins kernel is proposed for multi-layer deep support vector machine (MLDSVM) to reduce misclassification. The standard Indian pines dataset is used for the experiment, and the outcome demonstrates that the HSSF-MLDSVM model performs substantially better in terms of accuracy and Kappa coefficient.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
2. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 10, No. 2, April 2020 : 1577 - 1591
1578
on people's lifestyles. There are numerous examples in the scientific literature. Scientists are increasingly
researching among their fellows or students to choose the most appropriate LMS; they also investigate
the results achieved after using different e-learning platforms [1, 3-5].
The use of smart mobile touchscreen devices as an integral part of the modern lifestyle necessitates
modifying or creating new LMSs that should meet the high requirements of modern users. The new
Generation Z (people born after 1996) [6], named also the iGeneration, Gen Z, and Homelanders in
the literature, prefers mostly to communicate through social networks and spend a large part of daily life in
the web surfing. These young people use their smart mobile devices all the time which results in alienation,
strong dependence on technology, and loss of reality view of the world [7, 8].
This, however, presupposes the emergence of new trends in software technologies and new
application design which are tailored to the preferences of those new users of Generation Z. This also applies
to LMS platforms. It should be noted that children are a delicate user group that has not been completely
studied as other user groups [9]. Young children find it difficult to read. They are still learning fine motor
skills and it is difficult to use miniature objects. They are impatient and easily lose concentration.
They get bored quickly. The last few characteristics are typical for modern Generation Z.
Notwithstanding the relatively long experience of software engineers in designing and developing
e-learning platforms, this problem is still interesting and relevant, especially when it relates to children in
pre-school and primary school. Currently, LMS frameworks can be divided into two main groups: 1)
According to price: Commercial and Free; 2) According to their use: Corporate and Education. Detailed
comparisons and analyses can be found in many scientific articles as [10, 11]. But most of them are focused
on the features provided by the LMS platforms, not the actual software implementation or conceptual models
integrated into the software. Some scientists and developers prefer to use ready-made open-source LMS
frameworks which enables them to change their interface and their features [2, 12]. Other scientists propose
methodologies for LMS developing, but without applying them to develop prototypes of such systems [13].
The disadvantage of the first ones is that the universal approach is not always suitable for the younger
consumers, and the latter that without real developments, the true meaning of the proposed model cannot
be verified.
Therefore, we propose a conceptual model implemented in an LMS prototype, adjusted to
the capabilities and preferences of children up to 12 years-of-age. In our new approach, we take into
consideration the difficulty of developing such software and explain that the general-purpose software cannot
always be used by all users. Our efforts are directed to the children as users with specific skills and
preferences. This issue is discussed in detail in earlier research [14, 15], where based on the analyses of
children's and parents' user opinions, we identified their preferences for the interface and design and outlined
the specific skills of the children. Those allowed us to design a new LMS conceptual model appropriate for
children and to develop a prototype that is tailored to their skills. Thus, the discussed approach based on user-
centered design is very different compared to other LMS platforms.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The e-learning management systems variety is indisputable. This has been well-presented and
analyzed in [11], but the need for new software applications to accommo date the capabilities and preferences
of Generation Z children is undeniable. The software can guarantee better continuity, higher satisfaction, and
longer life-cycle if it is planned, designed and developed according to the skills and preferences by the end-
user. Thus, approaches based on this ideology, such as User-Centered Design (UCD), have become leading
in the development of specialized software systems. Examples of applying the UCD method in LMS
development can be found in [16]. The е-learning management systems usually provide several functions that
can be summarized as [11, 17]:
- Centralized structure and easy interface navigation;
- Learning content management as thematic blocks also called modules;
- Registration of several user accounts (students, teachers, parents, administrators);
- Presentation and access to various multimedia resources called also learning objects;
- Assessment of the achieved results by the students;
- Individual tracking of activities, development and progress of the student in the training course;
- Tool for communication between users;
- Help system providing information about the use of the platform;
- Reliability and security of the stored data;
- Reuse of the learning objects;
- System administration.
The items in the list above are the functions that every LMS platform should have.
3. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
An approach to designing and developing an LMS framework appropriate for ... (Radoslava Kraleva)
1579
2.1. Advantages and disadvantages of e-learning environments
The advantages and disadvantages of e-learning have been the subject of research over the relatively
long stage of its development and implementation [18-22]. Therefore, in this section, they will be only briefly
discussed.
Some of the advantages of e-learning can be summarized as [18]:
- E-learning is independent of the time and place;
- E-learning delivers high-quality training without traveling;
- E-learning has a low cost;
- Filtering and adapting course content;
- Lack of a strict schedule;
- Easy updating of learning contents;
- Tracking tool of all activities and current progress, both by the trainees themselves and by their trainers;
- Providing tools for building and maintaining interactive multimedia content.
Even with all these advantages of e-learning, there are some disadvantages. For example, some
practical skills are more difficult to study in e-environment. Some of the disadvantages of e-learning
are [18, 22]:
- Teachers must have good knowledge and skills in information technology;
- E-learning requires more effort and self-discipline by the trainees;
- There is social isolation between trainees and between trainees-teachers;
- There are health risks: E-learning requires the use of computer devices, leading to eye problems, bad
posture, and/or other illnesses.
2.2. Standards and trends in e-learning
Interdisciplinary specialists, such as designers, programmers, educators, psychologists, take part in
the development of e-learning management systems. If clear standards and accurate software specifications
that the LMS platform must match lack, managing and developing such a project will be a difficult and
expensive task. One of the main goals of the standardization process is to save resources, time and effort.
E-learning standards are a set of common rules that should be applied to the learning content development,
the e-learning software applications development, and the LMS platform development. They provide all
parties with guidance on the design and development of e-learning content, requirements to the LMS
platforms, and interoperability across devices [23]. For [24], the most important purpose of learning
standards can be divided into several categories: Metadata; Content packaging; Learner profile; Learner
registration; Content communication. In this section, only two standards are discussed: content design
standards relating to various aspects of designing and developing e-learning content and technical standards,
related to the development of LMS platforms.
a) E-learning content design standard
E-learning content design standard includes instruction design, visual design standards, multimedia
objects, texts, and assessment methods [17, 24, 25]. Е-course instruction development standards help
developers to define the goals and strategies of its content, the interactivity degree, the assessment methods,
and the ways of communication between trainees and trainers. Bloom's taxonomy [26] is one of the first
guides to develop a logical content framework for e-learning. Visual design standards are rules for
the graphical user interface (GUI) and its navigation elements. The interface elements for navigation in
the e-course should be intuitive and easy to use. The purpose of visual design standards is to ensure design
integrity between lessons and modules. Multimedia object standards provide consistency and compatibility in
multimedia objects used in the e-course contents, such as screen layout/size, text elements, graphics,
animation, audio, and video. The use of multimedia standards depends on the end-users. Text standards
determine the text content design and organization in an e-learning platform. Specific written standards are
used here to determine the used language, punctuation, lists, abbreviations, acronyms, and other text
elements. The standards of assessment should align with the learning goals. They determine the method of
students’ evaluation during and after completing the course.
b) E-leaning technical standards
The technical standards refer to the functionality and portability of e-learning courses across
devices, browsers, and operating systems. Some of the most frequently used technical standards are SCORM,
xAPI, CMI5, and AICC [24, 27, 28].
- SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model) [29-31]: This technical standard is developed by
the United States Department of Defense, Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) group. SCORM unify
the structure of eLearning so that learning objects and assets (images, video, documents, webpages) could
be reused and transferred between systems, military departments, and remote locations [30]. According to
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this standard, every LMS system should be a centralized e-learning system with a high-level of stored
data security.
- xAPI (Experience API) [31]: The xAPI is a new specification standard for e-learning systems that makes
possible the collection of data from a wide range of learner activities. The data is recorded in the Learning
Record Store (LRS) and can be shared with other LRS systems. This standard is based on the people
abilities to learn constantly, whether he or she is communicating with other people on the web, reading
news blocks, or searching for some information.
- CMI5 [28]: CMI5 is a modern e-learning standard. It uses the definition of the xAPI standard with
interoperability determined between different systems.
- AICC (Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee) [27]: This technical standard was created
for e-learning for airlines staff. Although the purpose of the AICC standard is the same as that of
SCORM, the difference is that it uses HTTP messages to communicate between the LMS components.
Due to the complexity of the AICC, this standard is not widespread [32].
c) Trends in modern e-learning
There are lots of technical tools that support the process of interactive courses development,
the learning process standardization, and adding non-formal elements to the learning process. There are
several trends in modern e-learning that can be defined as follows:
- Micro-learning or Micro-eLearning education: It focuses on activities in the complex educational process
divided into small chunks, called micro-contents. Often it is achieved with short multimedia objects that
do not last more than a few minutes [33, 34]. Unlike the 'traditional' approaches to e-learning, micro-
learning reduces the amount of knowledge that should be learned. As the learning material is divided into
micro-contents, this learning is suitable to use as part of mobile learning [35].
- Gamification is the use of game strategic thinking in a non-game context to solve various tasks [36].
This is a relatively new approach in education, but more and more scholars are seeing increased students’
interest as a result of its use [37]. The essential gamification elements are competition, rewards, collecting
points, and group work. They are used successfully in e-learning. After the students complete a learning
activity, they usually receive a reward.
- Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented reality (AR): Currently, they are the most popular training
innovations [38]. Virtual reality has been around for a long time. However, they provide an opportunity
for accessible acquisition of new knowledge and skills in complex disciplines such as medicine,
architecture, etc. [39]. This is due to the various simulations that provide realistic visualization of objects,
organisms, places, and situations, and allow for easier learning in a safe virtual environment.
- Automatic conversational system and Chatbot [40]: The use of chatbots is widespread in various areas,
such as marketing research, e-commerce sites or booking platforms. They use sophisticated natural
language processing algorithms to answer intelligently to a user question. There are lots of science works
presenting the positive impact of electronic assistants in the e-learning [41, 42]. This smart tool helps
the students to ask questions and receive smart answers at any time of the day.
- Adaptive e-learning: Adaptive learning is characterized by personalization of existing learning objects
according to the preference of every user [43]. The biggest advantage of this learning is that
the trainee/student does not need to go through the full е-course. Instead, focused training is provided
based on various methodologies to determine the amount of learning and gaps in the learner's knowledge.
The questionnaires and algorithms (statistical or artificial neural networks), such as the methods discussed
in [44], that determine what is needed to educate a particular user, are often used [45].
- Video-based e-learning [46]: The popularity of video lessons on YouTube and other online video
database services continues to increase. Interactive videos are different from them, and they often have
diverging scenarios. The benefit of this method is that trainees engage and spend more time and effort
into the learning process. Furthermore, they considered the video-based e-learning approach useful
because it allows them to control their pace, time and location for learning [47].
- Social learning: When learning is spread and shared among peers, the educational process improves.
Some scientists think that social media such as blogs, wikis, Skype or Google Hangouts, Facebook,
WhatsApp could support learning and the creation of knowledge in e-learning environments [48, 49].
2.3. Methods used for designing and development
Based on the reviewed literature sources and the current web application development technologies,
it can be concluded that there cannot be a right or wrong choice for a programming language or an integrated
development environment for LMS platform development. Most often, the choice is influenced by
the individual skills and preferences of the developers. The main approach used in developing this platform is
Use-centered design (UCD). According to its theory, the development of any software should be user-
friendly. There are two ways to collect consumers’ opinion. The first way is to conduct a survey among
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the relevant user group. The questionnaires used should contain short and precise answers and their results
should be used in software design and development processes. The second way is to ask a small group of
users to participate in the design and development process.
We used both approaches, i.e. a survey was conducted, and children participated in the development
of the prototype of the LMS presented in this article. This extended the process of designing the conceptual
model and the process of developing the prototype but gave a clearer idea of the preferences of the users
themselves, i.e., the pupils being trained. This differs significantly from the design and development
approach for the LMS platform discussed in this article from all the other approaches discussed in
the literature.
We made a short electronic questionnaire consisting of 10 questions, which included 52 children
and young people from Bulgarian schools, aged 7 to 18 years, including 27 girls and 25 boys. About 81% of
the surveyed individuals indicated that they were more motivated to learn when using interactive electronic
materials available from any mobile computing device, such as a laptop, tablet, smartphone. When asked
"What would you prefer to use during your e-learning?", the most of the surveyed (71.2%) said "E-learning
games with rewards and points accumulation" followed by "Video Tutorials" (67.3 %) and the lowest
percentage (26.9%) indicated "Electronic Readable Lessons". Not surprisingly, 82.7% of all respondents
indicated that they were stressed during the exam; more than 90% of all preferred the written exam, with
60% preferring to use tests as a way of checking of knowledge. The other questions in the survey were
related to the computer literacy of the students and they answered all the questions only in the affirmative.
The survey made decide that the developed prototype should have an adaptive interface in order to be
compatible with all mobile computing devices. During the design of the conceptual model and
the development of the interface of the discussed LMS, 3 persons aged 12, 14 and 18 participated. They came
up with ideas and criticized our proposals. This is the second approach used by the UCD theory, which
allows us to argue that the proposed model is fully consistent with the preferences and capabilities of students
who are the real users of the system.
No science work presenting the use of both a user opinion survey and user participation in the LMS
design and development approach was found during the study. For the back-end development of our LMS
prototype the PHP programming language is used, and for database management system the MySQL is used.
The reasons for our decision are: popularity, stability, reliability, speed and price. To design the user
interface, we used HTML and CSS. We used a few integrated development environments: Microsoft Visual
Studio (for managing HTML and CSS), Atom (for managing PHP code), XAMPP (for managing a local
webserver). Graphic images are needed to build a beautiful user interface. Many of the images used in our
interface design were created with Inkscape (an Open Source vector graphics editor) and GIMP (a cross-
platform image editor). Other files were downloaded from the websites with a free license for commercial
use: pixabay.com, kisspng.com, unsplash.com.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
As a result of our study, a conceptual model of a web-based e-learning management system was
developed. We used this model to create a prototype of an LMS platform, called "My classroom". According
to [45] all e-Learning Management Systems follow a very similar integration and development process.
This is true about our proposed model.
The used process contends eight interconnected steps as shown in Figure 1:
a) Requirements: The requirements for the hardware configuration of the web server and the development
software are defined. The function requirements that the LMS platform must perform and their suitability
for the specific group of users are described.
b) Need storage data: The requirements for the stored data in the database are determined.
c) Learning management system specification: Using natural language or through UML notation, a unique
specification that determines the requirements to software is formulated.
d) Interface design: In the fifth step, the software product interface must be designed.
e) Database design: A relational database based on the data requirements to be stored, processed and used
should be designed.
f) Development of LMS: Based on the proposed software specification and the designed interface templates,
and according to the interaction between interface elements and data, a MySQL relational database is
developed, and an LMS framework is coded.
g) LMS testing: Testing is divided into two stages - internal testing and independent testing. In internal
testing, the software is subjected to numerous tests related to system security, data security, and software
reliability. External testing refers to software testing in a real work environment, i.e., it will be
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implemented in a school/university. The users should use the software for a certain time. This contributes
to timely debugging and removing possible systemic problems.
h) LMS implementation: This stage is related to the installation and use of the system in a real work
environment. This process involves collecting the opinions of students, teachers, and parents.
The obtained data are analyzed, and a decision, based on the results for the future development of
the system is made.
Figure 1. Approach to development of an LMS framework
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Stages 1, 2 and 3 were discussed in our previous studies [11, 15] and we will not discuss them here.
The database corresponds to databases in other LMS platforms. Hence, we will not discuss stage 5.
A particular interest is the architectural model and the developed design of an LMS platform which will be
discussed in detail in this article.
3.1. Software architectural model
The software architectural model represents the interconnections and the relationships between
the modules (forms) of a software application. Our system is aimed at pre-primary and primary school
children and should provide an intuitive and easy-to-use interface. The proposed architectural model is based
on various user roles that can use an LMS system. On this basis, the possible functions of the system are
determined. Therefore, the architectural model depends on both the users and the features that the software
offers. Four types of user roles are considered: administrator, teacher, student, and guest.
The administrator has full rights to the system, the user accounts, and its content. He/she can
approve or create every new account. Once a new user account is created, whether it is done by an
administrator or by a user, the responsibility of an administrator is to determine the role of this new user.
Then the user account will have different privileges according to his/her user role. The proposed system
needs an administrator with computer knowledge and skills in web application development. Then he/she
will be able to develop and add new learning games. All the fun additions will be available from the Play and
Learn page. Also, the administrator takes responsibility for making and maintaining the learning schedule.
The teacher user account allows reviewing all students registered in the teacher-led course. He/she
should be able to create, edit and delete e-courses, topics and assignments (homework and course projects).
He/she should be able to register students and approve their registration requirements for his/her courses.
He/she should be able to determine the methods of assessment, create urns with questions from which
the system will automatically generate tests, to hide or display these tests. The teacher should able to create
additional learning activities, such as visits to museums/theatres, supporting the learning process.
These activities will display in the School Activities module. Also, the teacher should able to track the time
that the students used the LMS platform and all their activities. Then the teacher can understand which
teaching materials are frequently read, what the mistakes of the students are, and which education materials
should be repeated to minimize the possible mistakes. This is especially important for dual learning, which is
the most commonly used in Bulgaria.
The guest user account is used in many web systems. It is characterized by open access and limited
capabilities. When the homepage of the LMS platform is started, the guest account should allow browsing
the help system, viewing the authors’ page, the current schedule and calendar from School Activities page,
browsing the available games from Play and Learn page, contact information for the teachers and courses
from the Contact page. The user with a guest account can create a new student account, using the "Join"
button which launches the page creating new accounts. This registration should be approved by the system
administrator.
The Manage Class module should be accessible to the teacher account and administrator account.
The teacher will only be able to view the registered students in the e-course or to register those students who
have submitted a request. The administrator can manage all e-classes and register user to them. He/she is
responsible for the data security and the rights to access it.
In the Study assignment module, the teacher should be able to add new homework, coursework,
or other learning tasks. The data related to them are a start date and end date for the performance, a topic, and
a detailed description. All assigned tasks should be visible for all students registered in the relevant e-course.
Each task can be seen on the Calendar page, and it is marked in special colour. For example, if a task is not
completed on time, i.e., the student did not answer until to the end date, its cell on the calendar will colour in
red. If this happens, the teacher has the right to extend the deadline or set a new task only for a student or
group of students. This will be an advantage for all students who attend extra classes for a subject and can
independently develop additional tasks other than those in the compulsory e-class. Settings can be used to
make changes to the account settings, such as design template choice and changing interface language.
The following features are available on the My Profile page: user data, courses completed, study
activities completed, written forum comments, assessments (only for the student account). The Forum
module is a group social network in which students and teachers can easily communicate with each other,
discuss learning materials, and solve tasks together. Each forum topic can be opened (visible) or closed
(hidden), according to the author's preferences. The forum is a very important tool for every modern
e-learning management system. The proposed architectural model of an LMS platform is presented in
Figure 2.
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Figure 2. Architectural model of LMS
3.2. Design of an LMS framework
Based on the described software architectural model, the design of a developed e-learning
management platform, called “My classroom”, will be presented in this section. Currently, the software is
being tested in one primary school and it is still not available on the Web.
Some of the more important features of the developed platform are:
- Four types of user accounts are supported - guest, student, teacher and administrator [14]. Guest is a non-
registered user who has the most restricted access. Students are registered users who can view, download
learning material, and post comments on the forum. Teachers are registered users, who can create and edit
e-courses; upload, edit and delete learning materials (lectures, exercises, assignments); create, edit, and
delete new topics in the forum; and answer students' questions and comments. Only the administrator
account has full rights to access all the functionality of our LMS. He/she can create, edit, and delete users'
profiles; create and delete e-courses; create, remove, and edit all topics and comments in a forum, i.e.,
he/she can manage all system.
- It supports various file formats as a tool for building an e-course and related learning materials.
- It provides tools for communication between users of the system: forum and e-mail server.
- It provides a tool to create and evaluate tests.
- It provides a calendar scheduling tool presenting all important events, such as dates for tests, holidays,
excursions, etc.
- It provides a tool for creating and managing a curriculum based on a study presented in [50].
- It has a responsive web design for a smartphone and tablet, according to previous studies, presented
in [15].
When "My classroom" platform is started, the Homepage is loaded as shown in Figure 3.
In the central part of the window, six big buttons are available, and they form the main menu of the system.
These buttons contain a text and an image. In the top right corner of the window, there are two small buttons
- "Join" and "Sign in". They allow creating a new user account ("Join” button) or login into the system (“Sign
in” button).
Figure 3 shows the difference between the Homepage of a teacher account and the same page of
a student account. A side menu that opens after login to the system offers additional settings and applications
to the user. In case the user has a teacher account, he/she can use six sub-menus: "My Profile", "Manage
Class", "Calendar", "Class Schedule", "Notifications", and "Settings". If the user has a student account,
the "Manage Class" sub-menu is missing. The Manage Class page allows the teacher to manage students’
data registered in his/her e-class.
The Calendar page allows teachers and administrators to enter, edit, and delete events (school
activities and tasks) data that students and guests of the system can view. They cannot make any changes or
create new ones. The names of all months previous and next year are presented as buttons on the top of
the Calendar page. They are used to navigate in the calendar and view all learning events. Today's date is
coloured in blue, the important events are coloured in yellow, overdue are coloured in red, and other dates are
coloured in grey. The main feature of this page is to manage and to organize important events. To create
a new event, the user must click on the desired date, and then a new window will open in which he/she must
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enter the required event data. An example of a math test event, created by a teacher, is shown in Figure 4.
The "Class Schedule" button in the side menu opens the module for organizing and maintaining the schedule
for all courses for which training is provided. The design of this page is presented in Figure 4.
Figure 3. Homepage and login page on “My classroom” LMS
Figure 4. Design of the calendar and schedule
The "Classes" submenu provides all the tools related to creating, editing, managing, and deleting
the courses, lessons, homework, and additional learning materials. After clicking "Classes", the "My Classes"
page loads. It contains additional submenus for each e-class. For example, let us select the Grammar course
as shown in Figure 5 which uploads a page for new lessons in text format (pdf, txt, doc, HTML) and/or video
format is loaded. The teacher can edit, add, delete while the student can only view the uploaded information.
A lesson template at our LMS platform is presented in Figure 5. The Homework submenu provides
two options, a homework creation page and tests creation application. Currently, the tests that can be done
with our LMS platform are only closed-ended with four possible answers. After the student completes a test,
he/she receives a certain number of points, based on the number of points for every correct answer, which is
graded on a scale pre-determined by the teacher. This assessment appears at the end of the test and is also
added to the learner’s profile.
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The "Forum" submenu as shown in Figue 6 leads to a module whose primary role is to provide
communication between teachers and students. For its normal work, it uses four tables from the database:
"categories", "subcategories", "replies" and "topics". The first forum page is divided into two components:
"add new topic" - to add a new topic in the forum and "homework problem" - access to the earlier asked
questions related to a selected topic. It has four pre-created sample topics: "Homework", "Field Trip",
"Subjects", "Other". Additional topics and subtopics can be added by the administrator or teacher.
To add a question to the forum, the student should select one of the topics, as he/she cannot create
a new topic as shown in Figure 6. The component containing the questions already asked shows the question
title, the user's name, who posted it, date of posting, number of views, and number of replies. Clicking on
the title of an already created post opens the question in the post. The “Add new topic” button opens a page
for asking questions as shown in Figure 6.
The "School Activities" submenu opens the page in which the teacher can publish additional articles
and news. The page uses data from the "news" relational table. The required input data are title and
subject texts. The "Play and Learn" submenu is designed similarly to the previous submenu and leads to
educational games. The data is recorded in the "games" table. The "Contact a teacher" page contains contact
information: e-mail, phone number and the teachers’ names and support staff. The data is recorded in
the "contact" table.
We used a responsive web design for the front-end development for our e-learning system.
The platform has an adaptive design that is compatible with mobile computing devices such as tablets and
smartphones. Thus, when a user loads the system on his mobile device, the interface elements on every page
will automatically adapt to use it easily on a small screen. The buttons will get bigger, the contrast of the text
will be stronger, and the less important elements will be removed or reduced. A homepage view on
the "My classroom" LMS platform in a mobile web browser is presented in Figure 7.
Figure 5. Design of "My Classes" page, a course page, and lesson page
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Figure 6. Forum module
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Figure 7. The "My classroom" LMS platform in a mobile web browser
4. CONCLUSION
End users are the factor determining the lifecycle of a software product. However, their preferences
change over time and depend on some factors such as age, gender, social status, and life experience.
Currently, the users belong to Generation Z and depend directly on the Internet and all computer and
information technology. Software applications, programming languages, and computer devices have
undergone some evolutionary changes and are continually evolving and upgrading to meet the high
expectations of users. This also pertains to software, designed for young children up to 12 years.
The development of software intended for teaching children or as a tool for assisting this process must meet
the current trends and be appropriate to their skills. Designing and developing modern software with an easy
and flexible user interface that improves the motivation and the interest of children to learning is not an easy
task at all. Therefore, the main purpose of this article was to offer a conceptual model of an LMS platform
that completely satisfies and matches the skills of young users. The basic methodology used in the design and
development of our software is user-centered design.
The proposed model was developed based on research and analysis of contemporary literary
sources, and on previous studies by the authors of this article. To validation of the approach designing and
developing an LMS framework, a demo version of an e-learning management system was developed.
The software supports four kinds of users: administrators, teachers, students, and guests. It maintains creating
and updating e-learning materials, managing students' data, test system, forum and data securities.
The interface is tailored to the motor skills of children up to 12 years by selecting appropriate colour
combinations, easy-to-read fonts, and simple images. From a design view, all the confusing and complicated
menus and submenus are reduced to minimum. Parents are a very important part of children's education.
And as such, they must also be involved in this process and they should have access to the LMS platforms
used by their children. Currently, the parents can use "My classroom" software only via the child's profile.
But we plan to add the option for a parent account in the next version of the system. At the time of writing
this article, the proposed software is subjected to verification by pupils in a primary school. Monthly
questionnaires are planned to test the knowledge and skills of children who use the system to verify their
satisfaction with the software product they receive.
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An approach to designing and developing an LMS framework appropriate for ... (Radoslava Kraleva)
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Radoslava Kraleva is an assistant professor of Computer Science at the Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.
She defended her PhD Thesis “Acoustic-Phonetic Modeling for Children's Speech Recognition
in Bulgarian” in 2014. Her research interests include child-computer interaction, speech
recognition, mobile app development and computer graphic. She is an editorial board member of
the “International Journal of Advanced Computer Research” and of the journal “Perspectives of
Innovations, Economics and Business”. She is a reviewer of iJET, “International Journal on
Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology”, “Computer Standards &
Interfaces”, and many others.
Mehrudin Sabani received his BSc of Computer Science at Department of Informatics, in
South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria.
His research interests include e-learning, mobile learning, e-learning management systems, web
development.
Velin Kralev is an assistant professor of Computer Science at the Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, South-West University "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria. He defended
his PhD Thesis in 2010. His research interests include database systems development,
optimization problems of the scheduling theory, graph theory and component-oriented software
engineering. He is an editorial board member of the International Journal of Advanced Computer
Research (IJACR).
Dafina Kostadinova is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Germanic and
Romance Studies at the Faculty of Philology of the South-West University "Neofit Rilski" since
2000. She has taught General English, Business English, Translation, Specialized Translation,
Contrastive Analysis, Academic Writing, and Introduction into General Linguistics to students
from the Faculty of Philology, the Faculty of Economics and the Faculty of Pedagogy. In 2012
Kostadinova defended her Ph.D. Thesis Structural Interferences in the Production of English by
Bulgarians. She co-authored a textbook called Specialized Translation (Selected English and
Bulgarian Texts for Translation) published in 2015. She is a member of the Editorial Board of
the journal ‘Orbis Linguarum’ issued at the SWU "Neofit Rilski".