This document provides a summary of MLA style guidelines for formatting papers and citing sources, including:
- MLA style regulates document formatting, in-text citations, and reference lists. It specifies guidelines for font, spacing, margins, headings, and titles.
- Sources must be cited in the text and listed in a references page whenever using others' ideas and words, whether quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing.
- Citation formats are provided for different source types like books, articles, reviews, and websites. Book citations include author, title, publisher, year. Article citations include author, title, journal, date, page range.
- Guidelines cover citing multiple works by the same
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper according to MLA style. It discusses formatting the document with 1-inch margins and double spacing. It describes formatting the first page with the author's name, course, instructor, and date in the top left corner and a header with the author's last name and page number in the top right. It also discusses formatting in-text citations, block quotes, and the Works Cited page.
This document provides guidance on formatting in-text citations in APA style. It discusses citing sources with quotations and paraphrases, including providing the author's name, year of publication, and page number when needed. It also describes how to format citations for sources with two or more authors, sources without authors, and personal communications. Citations should be included in parenthesis in the text and correspond to full references in the reference list.
This document provides information on citation and referencing using APA style. It defines citation as quoting or referencing information from another source. Referencing acknowledges all sources used. The bibliography lists all sources consulted but not cited. Examples are given for citing different types of sources in the text, such as one author, two authors, edited works, websites, and unpublished works. Referencing entries in the reference list are also demonstrated for journal articles, books, book chapters, and unpublished works using both APA and Chicago styles.
This document provides information about research formats, specifically MLA and APA citation styles. It outlines the key similarities and differences between MLA and APA styles, including how to cite references in text, from websites, and quotations. It also describes the different first page formats for MLA and APA papers, including whether they require a title page. Key details are provided about citing books in MLA style.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting margins, font, spacing, and headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting, and works cited pages. The document provides examples for each of these elements of MLA style.
This document provides an introduction to bibliographies for 6th grade students. It defines a bibliography as a list of all sources used to support a topic. Bibliographies are used in reports with statistics, papers that use ideas from authors, and research papers. Sources can include textbooks, reference books, relevant books, encyclopedias, and reliable websites. Students must cite sources by including them in the bibliography to avoid plagiarism. The number of required sources depends on the teacher's instructions. Types of sources and the necessary bibliographic information for each are described, such as author, title, publisher, date for books and website URL and access date for websites. The bibliography must be alphabetized.
APA style is a citation style developed by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in research papers. It provides guidelines for both in-text citations and reference lists, requiring that every citation in the text must have a corresponding full reference in the reference list and vice versa. APA style is commonly used in the social sciences and requires brief in-text citations with the author's last name and date, as well as a reference list formatted according to APA guidelines. Key aspects of APA style include formatting the reference list, including the author's name, date, and page numbers in citations, and capitalizing only the first word of a title and subtitle.
This document provides definitions and guidelines for key terms used in research such as references, bibliographies, and citations.
References are organized listings of works cited in the text that are placed at the end of a document. They include author name, title, publication details, and pages cited. References are arranged alphabetically. Bibliographies are full listings of all material consulted for research, including sources not directly cited.
Citations acknowledge original authors when using their information. They appear in text or at the end and provide enough information to identify the source. Style manuals like MLA, APA, and Chicago provide standardized formats for citations and bibliographies to avoid plagiarism and organize references.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper according to MLA style. It discusses formatting the document with 1-inch margins and double spacing. It describes formatting the first page with the author's name, course, instructor, and date in the top left corner and a header with the author's last name and page number in the top right. It also discusses formatting in-text citations, block quotes, and the Works Cited page.
This document provides guidance on formatting in-text citations in APA style. It discusses citing sources with quotations and paraphrases, including providing the author's name, year of publication, and page number when needed. It also describes how to format citations for sources with two or more authors, sources without authors, and personal communications. Citations should be included in parenthesis in the text and correspond to full references in the reference list.
This document provides information on citation and referencing using APA style. It defines citation as quoting or referencing information from another source. Referencing acknowledges all sources used. The bibliography lists all sources consulted but not cited. Examples are given for citing different types of sources in the text, such as one author, two authors, edited works, websites, and unpublished works. Referencing entries in the reference list are also demonstrated for journal articles, books, book chapters, and unpublished works using both APA and Chicago styles.
This document provides information about research formats, specifically MLA and APA citation styles. It outlines the key similarities and differences between MLA and APA styles, including how to cite references in text, from websites, and quotations. It also describes the different first page formats for MLA and APA papers, including whether they require a title page. Key details are provided about citing books in MLA style.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers in MLA style, including setting margins, font, spacing, and headers. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting, and works cited pages. The document provides examples for each of these elements of MLA style.
This document provides an introduction to bibliographies for 6th grade students. It defines a bibliography as a list of all sources used to support a topic. Bibliographies are used in reports with statistics, papers that use ideas from authors, and research papers. Sources can include textbooks, reference books, relevant books, encyclopedias, and reliable websites. Students must cite sources by including them in the bibliography to avoid plagiarism. The number of required sources depends on the teacher's instructions. Types of sources and the necessary bibliographic information for each are described, such as author, title, publisher, date for books and website URL and access date for websites. The bibliography must be alphabetized.
APA style is a citation style developed by the American Psychological Association for documenting sources used in research papers. It provides guidelines for both in-text citations and reference lists, requiring that every citation in the text must have a corresponding full reference in the reference list and vice versa. APA style is commonly used in the social sciences and requires brief in-text citations with the author's last name and date, as well as a reference list formatted according to APA guidelines. Key aspects of APA style include formatting the reference list, including the author's name, date, and page numbers in citations, and capitalizing only the first word of a title and subtitle.
This document provides definitions and guidelines for key terms used in research such as references, bibliographies, and citations.
References are organized listings of works cited in the text that are placed at the end of a document. They include author name, title, publication details, and pages cited. References are arranged alphabetically. Bibliographies are full listings of all material consulted for research, including sources not directly cited.
Citations acknowledge original authors when using their information. They appear in text or at the end and provide enough information to identify the source. Style manuals like MLA, APA, and Chicago provide standardized formats for citations and bibliographies to avoid plagiarism and organize references.
This document provides an overview of the APA and MLA citation styles. It defines APA as the style of the American Psychological Association and MLA as the style of the Modern Language Association. Both are used to cite sources in research papers and require in-text citations and bibliographies that are formatted differently. The key differences between APA and MLA are that APA is more commonly used in scientific and social science fields, while MLA is used more in language and literature fields. Both require double spaced papers with 1 inch margins but have different rules for page headers and bibliographies.
The document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for student papers. It discusses three main parts: formatting the paper, creating a reference list of cited sources, and using parenthetical citations within the text. Formatting includes things like font, margins, page numbers. The reference list lists sources alphabetically and provides publication details. Parenthetical citations identify sources within the text and correspond to the reference list.
A bibliography is an orderly list of sources used in a project. It provides full reference information for all sources consulted, allowing readers to trace the sources. There are various bibliography styles like APA, MLA, and CBE used in different academic fields. These styles provide guidelines for formatting bibliographic references for various sources like books, articles, websites, and more.
Introduction to Citations and ReferencingKee-Man Chuah
This is the introductory part of the unit on citations and referencing, which are important for academic writing. The style used is APA.
Note: Reference list for the materials used in the slights is provided upon request.
APA style is a widely used format for documenting sources, especially in the social sciences. It provides a consistent style that allows readers to easily cross-reference sources. Following APA style gives credibility as a writer and protects against plagiarism. The main components of APA style are in-text citations that refer to a reference page listing all sources cited. The reference page provides the necessary information for readers to locate and retrieve any cited sources. Additional help with APA style is available through the Purdue OWL website or by emailing the provided address.
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
The document provides information about MLA citation and style guidelines. It discusses that MLA style is used for academic papers in arts and languages. It outlines the key components of MLA style including in-text citations, formatting essay pages and works cited pages, and examples of citations for different publication types such as periodicals, books, and web pages. The document aims to teach students how to properly cite sources and format papers according to MLA style.
This document provides an introduction to APA style formatting for citations and references. It explains that APA style uses in-text citations that refer readers to a references list at the end of the document. The references list includes full citations for all sources used in the text, arranged alphabetically by author's last name. The document then provides examples of reference list entries for different source types such as journal articles, books, and websites. It also covers general guidelines for citing authors, titles, dates and other elements in references.
This document provides information about referencing styles and guidelines. It discusses the purpose of referencing, which is to avoid plagiarism, acknowledge others' work, and validate arguments. It then describes several common referencing styles used in different academic disciplines, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, and AMA styles. The document gives detailed guidelines for formatting references according to the APA style, including how to cite different publication types like books, journal articles, websites, and more.
This document discusses plagiarism, including what it is, types of plagiarism such as copying, patchwork, and paraphrasing, how to avoid it through proper citations and quotations, and examples of each. It emphasizes the importance of giving proper credit to original authors to avoid plagiarism.
This document provides an overview of referencing and avoiding plagiarism. It defines referencing as acknowledging the intellectual work of others and discusses the differences between reference lists and bibliographies. It also defines plagiarism, provides examples, and discusses consequences. Additionally, it covers topics such as criteria for choosing references, principles of referencing, what to reference, and reference styles like Harvard style. Finally, it discusses using reference management software like Mendeley and Zotero to simplify the referencing process.
The document provides information about the APA style of referencing, which consists of two elements: 1) in-text citations that provide the author, year, and sometimes page number in the body of the paper, and 2) a reference list at the end that provides complete details for each in-text citation. It then goes on to describe the proper formatting for various types of in-text citations and references, including books, journal articles, websites, and more.
Chicago Style is a citation style used in history and the humanities that uses numbered notes. A Chicago Style paper includes: (1) superscript Arabic numerals in the text that correspond to footnotes or endnotes, (2) footnotes or endnotes providing publication details, and (3) a bibliography listing all sources alphabetically. Footnotes/endnotes use abbreviated citations after the first use and provide full source details, while the bibliography lists all sources with complete publication information.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing sources in-text and in reference lists, and formatting reference list entries for various source types, according to the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook. It addresses formatting basics, using direct quotations and paraphrasing, general citation rules, introducing quotations, in-text citation methods, formatting the reference list, and citing sources from books, articles, websites and other media.
This document defines what a bibliography is and provides guidelines for creating bibliographies in various styles. A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all materials used in a report or research paper. It acknowledges sources and gives them credit. There are various standardized styles for formatting bibliographies such as APA, MLA, Chicago and Turabian styles. The document outlines the general format and provides examples of how to cite different sources like books, journal articles, websites and films in a bibliography. It emphasizes acknowledging all sources used through a properly formatted bibliography.
This document defines and describes different types of bibliographies. It begins by defining a bibliography as an alphabetized list of sources used in research. It then describes several types of bibliographies including annotated, enumerative, national, international, current, retrospective, serial, analytical, and subject bibliographies. The purpose and uses of bibliographies are also outlined, including giving credit to authors, providing access to information, and indicating a lack of plagiarism. Styles for formatting bibliographies such as APA, MLA, and Chicago are also briefly covered.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers in APA style, including how to cite sources in-text and create a reference list according to the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. It explains that in-text citations usually include the author's name and date, and the reference list provides full details of each cited source in alphabetical order. Examples are given for citing different source types like books, journal articles, websites, and more within papers and reference lists.
The document provides information about MLA style citations and how to properly cite sources. It will teach students what MLA is, how to cite sources like books and websites in MLA style, and how to create a bibliography. The document emphasizes the importance of giving credit to other authors by using citations in order to avoid plagiarism. It also notes that students should cite sources any time they have summarized, paraphrased, or directly quoted another author's work.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation format, including:
1) MLA format is used in the humanities and requires both in-text citations and a works cited page.
2) In-text citations include the author's last name and page number in parentheses to credit sources, and the works cited page lists full information for all sources.
3) Examples are given for citing poems, novels, and other sources in both in-text citations and the works cited page.
This document provides an overview of the APA and MLA citation styles. It defines APA as the style of the American Psychological Association and MLA as the style of the Modern Language Association. Both are used to cite sources in research papers and require in-text citations and bibliographies that are formatted differently. The key differences between APA and MLA are that APA is more commonly used in scientific and social science fields, while MLA is used more in language and literature fields. Both require double spaced papers with 1 inch margins but have different rules for page headers and bibliographies.
The document provides an overview of MLA style guidelines for student papers. It discusses three main parts: formatting the paper, creating a reference list of cited sources, and using parenthetical citations within the text. Formatting includes things like font, margins, page numbers. The reference list lists sources alphabetically and provides publication details. Parenthetical citations identify sources within the text and correspond to the reference list.
A bibliography is an orderly list of sources used in a project. It provides full reference information for all sources consulted, allowing readers to trace the sources. There are various bibliography styles like APA, MLA, and CBE used in different academic fields. These styles provide guidelines for formatting bibliographic references for various sources like books, articles, websites, and more.
Introduction to Citations and ReferencingKee-Man Chuah
This is the introductory part of the unit on citations and referencing, which are important for academic writing. The style used is APA.
Note: Reference list for the materials used in the slights is provided upon request.
APA style is a widely used format for documenting sources, especially in the social sciences. It provides a consistent style that allows readers to easily cross-reference sources. Following APA style gives credibility as a writer and protects against plagiarism. The main components of APA style are in-text citations that refer to a reference page listing all sources cited. The reference page provides the necessary information for readers to locate and retrieve any cited sources. Additional help with APA style is available through the Purdue OWL website or by emailing the provided address.
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
The document provides information about MLA citation and style guidelines. It discusses that MLA style is used for academic papers in arts and languages. It outlines the key components of MLA style including in-text citations, formatting essay pages and works cited pages, and examples of citations for different publication types such as periodicals, books, and web pages. The document aims to teach students how to properly cite sources and format papers according to MLA style.
This document provides an introduction to APA style formatting for citations and references. It explains that APA style uses in-text citations that refer readers to a references list at the end of the document. The references list includes full citations for all sources used in the text, arranged alphabetically by author's last name. The document then provides examples of reference list entries for different source types such as journal articles, books, and websites. It also covers general guidelines for citing authors, titles, dates and other elements in references.
This document provides information about referencing styles and guidelines. It discusses the purpose of referencing, which is to avoid plagiarism, acknowledge others' work, and validate arguments. It then describes several common referencing styles used in different academic disciplines, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, and AMA styles. The document gives detailed guidelines for formatting references according to the APA style, including how to cite different publication types like books, journal articles, websites, and more.
This document discusses plagiarism, including what it is, types of plagiarism such as copying, patchwork, and paraphrasing, how to avoid it through proper citations and quotations, and examples of each. It emphasizes the importance of giving proper credit to original authors to avoid plagiarism.
This document provides an overview of referencing and avoiding plagiarism. It defines referencing as acknowledging the intellectual work of others and discusses the differences between reference lists and bibliographies. It also defines plagiarism, provides examples, and discusses consequences. Additionally, it covers topics such as criteria for choosing references, principles of referencing, what to reference, and reference styles like Harvard style. Finally, it discusses using reference management software like Mendeley and Zotero to simplify the referencing process.
The document provides information about the APA style of referencing, which consists of two elements: 1) in-text citations that provide the author, year, and sometimes page number in the body of the paper, and 2) a reference list at the end that provides complete details for each in-text citation. It then goes on to describe the proper formatting for various types of in-text citations and references, including books, journal articles, websites, and more.
Chicago Style is a citation style used in history and the humanities that uses numbered notes. A Chicago Style paper includes: (1) superscript Arabic numerals in the text that correspond to footnotes or endnotes, (2) footnotes or endnotes providing publication details, and (3) a bibliography listing all sources alphabetically. Footnotes/endnotes use abbreviated citations after the first use and provide full source details, while the bibliography lists all sources with complete publication information.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers, citing sources in-text and in reference lists, and formatting reference list entries for various source types, according to the 7th edition of the MLA Handbook. It addresses formatting basics, using direct quotations and paraphrasing, general citation rules, introducing quotations, in-text citation methods, formatting the reference list, and citing sources from books, articles, websites and other media.
This document defines what a bibliography is and provides guidelines for creating bibliographies in various styles. A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all materials used in a report or research paper. It acknowledges sources and gives them credit. There are various standardized styles for formatting bibliographies such as APA, MLA, Chicago and Turabian styles. The document outlines the general format and provides examples of how to cite different sources like books, journal articles, websites and films in a bibliography. It emphasizes acknowledging all sources used through a properly formatted bibliography.
This document defines and describes different types of bibliographies. It begins by defining a bibliography as an alphabetized list of sources used in research. It then describes several types of bibliographies including annotated, enumerative, national, international, current, retrospective, serial, analytical, and subject bibliographies. The purpose and uses of bibliographies are also outlined, including giving credit to authors, providing access to information, and indicating a lack of plagiarism. Styles for formatting bibliographies such as APA, MLA, and Chicago are also briefly covered.
This document provides guidelines for formatting papers in APA style, including how to cite sources in-text and create a reference list according to the 7th edition of the APA Publication Manual. It explains that in-text citations usually include the author's name and date, and the reference list provides full details of each cited source in alphabetical order. Examples are given for citing different source types like books, journal articles, websites, and more within papers and reference lists.
The document provides information about MLA style citations and how to properly cite sources. It will teach students what MLA is, how to cite sources like books and websites in MLA style, and how to create a bibliography. The document emphasizes the importance of giving credit to other authors by using citations in order to avoid plagiarism. It also notes that students should cite sources any time they have summarized, paraphrased, or directly quoted another author's work.
This document provides an overview of MLA citation format, including:
1) MLA format is used in the humanities and requires both in-text citations and a works cited page.
2) In-text citations include the author's last name and page number in parentheses to credit sources, and the works cited page lists full information for all sources.
3) Examples are given for citing poems, novels, and other sources in both in-text citations and the works cited page.
The document discusses the key components of MLA formatting style, including the header, title, in-text citations, and parenthetical citations. The header includes the author's name, course name, date, and title centered at the top of the page. In-text citations have a signal phrase introducing a quote and may include a parenthetical citation with author and page number. Parenthetical citations provide source information for a quote and reference the works cited page.
1) This lesson focuses on teaching 9th grade students how to properly use MLA formatting to avoid plagiarism in research papers.
2) The lesson will include presentations, videos, guided practice, and games to teach students MLA guidelines for in-text citations and Works Cited pages.
3) Formative assessment includes class discussion and a group activity, while a summative quiz will evaluate student understanding of plagiarism and MLA citation.
This document provides an overview of MLA format, including the key components of the front page, parenthetical citations, and works cited page. It discusses the necessary information on the front page, how and where to use parenthetical citations when quoting or paraphrasing sources, and the general format and structure of entries in the works cited page for different source types such as books, articles, and webpages. The document emphasizes that following MLA format shows respect for other authors and allows readers to easily find cited sources.
MLA powerpoint for 4th/5th Beginning Researchmafrco
This document provides an overview of MLA style for citing sources and creating a bibliography. It explains that MLA is the Modern Language Association style used in many high schools and colleges. The document discusses how to properly cite sources using MLA, including books, internet sources, and when citations are necessary to avoid plagiarism. It also covers creating a Works Cited page that lists all sources used in the paper. Specific examples are given for citing books and internet sources following MLA guidelines. Finally, it lists formatting requirements for papers such as font, spacing, margins and indentation.
This document provides guidelines for citing audiovisual materials like TV and radio programs, and sound recordings, using MLA style. For TV/radio programs, the citation includes the director/episode name, title, authors/performers, program/series title, network/station, and date/medium. For sound recordings, it includes the performer/composer, song title (if relevant), album title, additional performers, recording date, publisher, date, and medium. Examples are provided for radio and TV programs, as well as compact discs.
Chart-form document presenting general guidelines for APA and MLA, along with examples of bot parenthetical, in-text, and Reference or Work Cited list. Excellent resources for college and university students. Canadian content.
This document discusses how to draw conclusions from clues and context when reading. It provides several short scenarios and asks questions to encourage drawing conclusions. Some key conclusions are that the pizza was bad so people threw it out, the boy got sunburned, someone is feeling sick with fever, it is someone's birthday based on the celebrations, and Mia doesn't like loud singing. Making conclusions involves using evidence from the text and one's own background knowledge and experiences.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources within the text (in-text citations) using APA style. It explains that in-text citations require the author's name, date of publication, and page number if quoting directly. It also provides examples of citing one author, two authors, three or more authors, and electronic sources. The document stresses the importance of properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism.
This document provides an overview of the MLA 7th edition style guide for formatting papers and citing sources. It discusses the general guidelines for formatting papers including setting margins, font style, line spacing, and page headers. It also covers how to format citations within the text of a paper and create a Works Cited page, including various examples of citing different source types like books, articles, websites. The document is intended as a general introduction to the MLA style.
Common Core State Standards:
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.3.1: Ask and answer questions to demonstrate understanding of a text, referring explicitly to the text as the basis for the answers.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.3.5: Refer to parts of stories, dramas, and poems when writing or speaking about a text, using terms such as chapter, scene, and stanza; describe how each successive part builds on earlier sections.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RL.3.10: By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poetry, at the high end of the grades 2-3 text complexity band independently and proficiently.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.3.4a: Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.. Read on-level text with purpose and understanding.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RF.3.4c: Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension. Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading as necessary.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.3.2:Determine the main ideas and supporting details of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.4a: Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning word and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.5b: Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings. Identify real-life connections between words and their use.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.L.3.6: Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate conversational, general academic, and domain-specific words and phrases, including those that signal spatial and temporal relationships.
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
Virginia Woolf was born in 1882 in London and did not receive a formal education. Her mother died when she was 13, which caused Virginia's first mental breakdown. She began writing reviews and tutoring. In 1912, she married writer Leonard Woolf. Together they founded the Hogarth Press in 1917. Virginia Woolf battled depression throughout her life and took her own life in 1941. She was a pioneer of modernist literature through her experimental styles and use of stream of consciousness in works like Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse.
How To Write Your Research DissertationChris Jobling
This presentation describes the standard structure of your research dissertation and suggests a methodology for its successful production using modern word processing tools.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the novel genre. It begins by outlining some key parameters of novels, including their use of prose fiction and extended length to achieve verisimilitude. Notable early novels are then discussed from various regions, such as Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji in 11th century Japan. The rise of the English novel in the 17th-18th centuries is covered, along with influential authors like Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, and the Brontë sisters. The document concludes by describing various novel types/styles that emerged over time, such as Gothic, historical, realist/naturalist, and social novels.
This document provides an overview of APA citation style guidelines. It discusses the key elements of APA style including in-text citations, reference lists, author names, publication dates, titles, and sources without page numbers. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate different citation formats for various source types, such as books, journal articles, newspaper articles, interviews and more. The purpose of APA style is to standardize scientific writing and citations in order to give credit to authors and allow readers to find the sources easily.
The document discusses research ethics and identifies important ethical principles to consider during the research process, including when developing the research problem, question, and design, collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating results. It highlights historical examples of unethical research like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Key principles that must be respected include informed consent, minimizing harm, respecting participants, and maintaining integrity. Researchers should obtain ethics approval and consult their institutional review board if they have any ethical questions or concerns.
Feminism is defined as advocating for social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men. There have been several waves of feminism throughout history fighting for these rights. The first wave in the late 19th century focused on issues like property rights and suffrage. The second wave from the 1960s-1980s examined the social construction of gender roles and how they oppress women. Third wave feminism from the early 1990s responded to some perceived failures of the second wave to consider differences among women. There are various branches of feminist thought that have developed over time with different approaches to analyzing and addressing the oppression of women.
This document provides guidelines for formatting a paper in MLA style, including formatting the title page, body text, citations, and works cited page. Key aspects covered include using 12-point Times New Roman font, 1-inch margins, a header with the author's last name and page number, and formatting citations, block quotes, and references in alphabetical order by author's last name.
The document compares and contrasts the MLA and APA citation styles. MLA style is used in the humanities and focuses on citing sources in scholarly writing. It requires listing sources alphabetically in a Works Cited section. APA style is used in the social sciences and provides conventions for in-text citations, including citing authors by last name and year. It also requires listing references alphabetically but in a References section. Both styles require providing bibliographic information about sources like author, title, publisher, and date according to their prescribed formats.
The document defines key concepts related to referencing sources in academic writing such as references, citations, footnotes, endnotes, ibid and op. cit. It discusses why referencing is important and how to format references for different types of sources like books, articles, websites and more according to styles like APA and MLA. Formatting details include order of elements and punctuation. Referencing guides help maintain consistent style.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources using MLA citation style, including both in-text citations and works cited entries. It discusses placing parenthetical citations in the body of the text and creating a double-spaced works cited list at the end. Examples are given for various source types, such as books, articles, websites, and legal documents. Proper formatting is outlined, such as using author names, titles, publication information, and medium of source.
The document provides an overview of the Turabian citation style. It discusses that Turabian style is a simplified version of the Chicago style intended for student papers. It was created by Kate Turabian based on guidelines from the Chicago Manual of Style. The document traces the history and editions of Turabian's style manual. It notes there are two main citation formats in Turabian - notes-bibliography style and author-date style. Whichever style is chosen, consistency is important.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources in MLA citation style. It discusses the following key points:
1. MLA style uses a simple two-part parenthetical documentation system for citing sources, with citations in the text pointing to an alphabetical Works Cited list at the end.
2. Parenthetical citations should be brief, including the author's last name and page number if available. They are placed close to the source material being cited.
3. The Works Cited list provides full bibliographic information for all sources cited, arranged alphabetically by author's last name.
4. Examples are provided for proper citation of different source types such as books, articles, websites, and more.
The document discusses reference writing, including its importance, styles, and elements. Referencing is defined as labeling sources of information to allow readers to locate them. It is important for avoiding plagiarism and supporting statements. Common reference styles include APA, MLA, and Harvard styles. Key elements of a reference include author name, title, source, and date. The document provides examples of references in both APA and MLA styles.
This document provides guidelines for citing sources using MLA style. It explains what MLA is and its purpose of promoting consistency in research papers. Key aspects of MLA citations are covered, including providing parenthetical in-text citations with author's last name and page number, and listing full citations on a Works Cited page in alphabetical order by author's last name. Examples are given for different source types like books, journal articles, websites, and media. The document aims to teach students and researchers how to properly cite sources in their academic writing.
This document provides a tutorial on how to cite sources using MLA style. It discusses what MLA style is, why citations are important, when citations are needed, how to cite within the text and create a Works Cited page. The tutorial covers citing print sources, electronic sources, and media sources. It provides examples of in-text citations and references for different types of sources like books, articles, and websites.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for formatting academic papers using MLA (Modern Language Association) style. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and 12 point Times New Roman font. It also covers formatting the first page, section headings, in-text citations, quoting guidelines, and constructing a Works Cited list according to MLA style. The document is intended as a reference for students on how to properly format and cite sources in MLA format.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources and creating reference lists according to the 6th edition of the APA Style Manual. It discusses citing sources in-text using parenthetical citations as well as creating an alphabetical list of references at the end. Specific guidelines are provided for different types of sources, including books, articles, websites, and more. Formatting such as double spacing, indentation, capitalization, and inclusion of publication details are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It discusses the basics of MLA formatting such as setting one-inch margins, double-spacing, and inserting a header with the author's last name and page number. The document also reviews guidelines for in-text citations, quoting sources, and creating a Works Cited list in MLA style. Additionally, it addresses citing different source types such as books, articles, websites, and audiovisual materials. The presentation aims to cover all aspects of writing and citing sources for a paper using MLA eighth edition style.
This document provides an introduction to APA referencing style. It explains what referencing is, why it is important to reference, and the basic steps involved, including providing in-text citations and compiling a reference list. Referencing acknowledges the sources of information, facts, figures, ideas and theories used in an assignment. It helps avoid plagiarism and allows readers to follow up on cited sources. The document outlines the key information to include for different source types like books, journal articles, websites and more.
The document provides guidelines for formatting papers and citations using the American Sociological Association (ASA) style. It outlines the proper format for manuscript structure, in-text citations, footnotes/endnotes, and reference list entries for various sources like books, journal articles, newspapers, websites, and more. References should be double-spaced and listed alphabetically by author's last name. In-text citations include the author's last name and year of publication.
This document provides a summary of citation styles in MLA, APA, and CMOS. It outlines the general approaches and differences between the styles. MLA places emphasis on authorship and cites author's name in text and first in works cited. APA places emphasis on date and cites author's name followed by date in text and references page. CMOS can use notes and bibliography or author-date systems and places emphasis on source origins through footnotes/endnotes. The document provides examples of how to cite various sources like books, articles, and websites in each style.
This document provides a summary of citation styles and formats for MLA, APA, and CMOS. It includes examples of how to cite different types of sources like books, periodicals, websites, and more according to each style. The key differences between the styles are noted, such as MLA placing emphasis on authorship, APA on date, and CMOS using footnotes/endnotes. Examples are given for citing various types of sources consistently within each style.
The document provides guidelines for citing sources in APA style, including in-text citations and reference list entries. It discusses citing sources with different numbers of authors in the text and reference list. It also covers citing sources from books, scholarly journals, magazines, newspapers, government publications, and electronic resources. Specific examples are provided for various source types.
Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist who developed structural linguistics, viewing language as a system of signs. He argued that language should be studied synchronically, focusing on its structure at a single point in time, rather than diachronically looking at its evolution over time. Saussure analyzed language as consisting of signs, each with a signifier (sound-image) and signified (concept). The relationship between signifier and signified is arbitrary, and signs can be organized through their syntagmatic (combinatory) and paradigmatic (substitutable) relationships.
The document discusses key differences between relationship structures in Arab society compared to American society. In Arab society, relatives share names that show their belonging to each other through familial ties like family, tribe, or clan. Relationships are complex, with different terms for cousins and uncles/aunts. Blood relations are strongest, followed by marriage relations. Concepts like tribe refer to social structures like patriarchy and blood ties that unite people. Terms of address show intimacy and respect between people of different generations or statuses. Translation must carefully handle these terms to avoid distorting the social structures and relationships of Arab culture.
This document provides guidelines for formatting references in APA style. It discusses formatting for different types of references including books, book chapters, journal articles, newspaper articles, websites, and more. Key points include: references should be on a new page titled "References" in alphabetical order; the first line of each reference should be flush left with subsequent lines indented; reference pages should be double spaced; titles of books and periodicals should be in italics.
Karl Marx was a German philosopher who developed the theories of communism, socialism and Marxism. He believed that history is determined by class struggle and conflicts between social classes, and that under capitalism the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat. Marx wrote influential works such as The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital which formed the basis of Marxism and analyzed the capitalist mode of production. Marx saw communism as the final stage in history where private property is abolished and society is organized for the common good of all people.
Honoré de Balzac was a 19th century French novelist and playwright known for his masterwork The Human Comedy, a sequence of novels and short stories depicting French life after Napoleon's fall. Through keen observation and unfiltered representations of society, Balzac helped found literary realism by creating multifaceted, morally complex characters. His writing influenced many later authors and philosophers with its realistic portrayal of everyday life and characters' struggles against human nature and society.
This document provides an overview of James Joyce and his works. It summarizes his life, including living in Paris and Zurich. It then analyzes his most famous works, Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, describing their styles, themes of paralysis and escape, and narrative techniques like epiphanies. Specific stories from Dubliners like "The Sisters", "Eveline", and "The Dead" are summarized in terms of their characters, settings, and plot details.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. This pprreesseennttaattiioonn wwiillll ccoovveerr::
General MLA guidelines
First page format
Documentation : preparing the list of works
Documentation : citing sources in the text
abbreviations
3. MLA ( Modern Language Association) style formatting is
often used in various humanities disciplines .
4. WWhhaatt ddooeess MMLLAA ssttyyllee
rreegguullaattee ??
MLA Regulates :
Document format
In-text citations
Works cited ( a list of all sources
used in the paper )
5. Write on white 8.5*11 paper
Double space everything
Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font
Leave only one space after punctuation
Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides
Indent the first line paragraph half inch
6. Header with page numbers in the upper right
corner
Use italics for titles
Endnotes go on a separate page before the
work cited page
7. Formatting the First Page
1-No title page
2-Double space every thing
3-In the upper left corner of the first page, we list our
name, our instructor name, the course and date
4-Double space again and center the title. Do not
underline, italicize, or place your title in quotation
marks; write the title in Title Case (standard
capitalization), not in all capital letters.
8. 5-Double space between the title and the first line of
the text.
6-Create a header in the upper right-hand corner that
includes your last name, followed by a space with a
page number; number all pages .
7-Use quotation marks and/or italics when
referring to other works in your title, just as you
would in your text: Fear and Loathing in Las
Vegas as Morality Play; Human Weariness in
"After Apple Picking"
9.
10. Whenever you use somebody else’s ideas in
your research paper you must cite your sources
by:
1.Listing the complete source citation in your
works cited list.
2.Acknowledging the source in the text of your
paper ( in-text documentation).
11. You must cite your sources when…
1- Quoting any words that are not your own
(repeat “using quotation marks”).
2- Summarizing facts and ideas from a source
(using your own words).
3- Paraphrasing to put somebody’s ideas into
your own words.
12. What are the differences among quoting, paraphrasing, and
summarizing?
Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of
the source. They must match the source document word for word and
must be attributed to the original author.
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your
own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source.
Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking
a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words,
including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute
summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly
shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source
material.
13. Citing sources : MLA style
Example: when citing a book
Books
Basic Format:
Author’s last name, first name. Title. Publisher
city: Publisher, year.
14. Two or More Works by the Same Author
To cite two or more works by the same author, give the name in
the first entry only. Thereafter, in place of the name, type three
hyphens, followed by a period and the title. The three hyphens
stand for exactly the same name as in the preceding entry.
Borroff, Marie. Language and the Poet: Verbal Artistry in
Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1979. Print.
---, trans. Pearl. New York: Norton, 1977. Print.
---. “Sound Symbolism as Drama in the Poetry of Robert Frost.”
PMLA
107.1 (1992): 131-44. JSTOR. Web. 13 May 2008.
15. Citing Periodical Print Publications:
An Article in a Scholarly Journal
General Format :
Author last name, First name. “Title of the article.” journal
title volume. Issue (Year): page range. Medium.
For example:
Piper, Andrew. “Rethinking the Print Object: Goethe and
the Book of Everything.” PMLA 121.1 (2006): 124-38. Print.
16. An Article in a Scholarly Journal That Uses Only
Issue Numbers
Some scholarly journals do not use volume numbers
at all, numbering issues only. Cite the issue numbers
of such journals alone.
For example:
Kafka, Ben. “The Demon of Writing: Paperwork,
Public Safety, and the Reign of Terror.”
Representation 98 (2007): 1-24. Print.
17. An Article in a Scholarly Journal With More Than
One Series
Some scholarly journals have been published in more than one
series in citing a journal with numbered series, write the number
(an Arabic digit with the a appropriate ordinal suffix: 2nd, 3rd, 4th,
etc.) and the abbreviation ser. between the journal title and the
volume number.
Striner, Richard. “Political Newtonism: The Cosmic Model of
Politics in Europe and America.” William and Mary Quarterly 3rd
ser. 52.4 (1995): 583-608. Print.
18. An Article in a Newspaper
General Format
Author last name, First name. “Article Title: Subtitle.”
Newspaper Title Publication Date [Day Month Year]:
page range. Medium.
Example :
Jeromack, Paul. “This Once, a David of the Art World
Does Goliath a Favor.” New York Times 13 July 2002,
late ed.: B7+. Print.
19. An Article in a Magazine
To cite a magazine published every week or every
two weeks, give the complete date (beginning with the
day and abbreviating the month, except for May, June,
July)
For example
McEvoy, Dermot. “Little Books, Big Success.”
Publishers Weekly 30 Oct. 2006: 26-28. Print.
20. A review
To cite a review, give the reviewer’s name and
the title of the review(if there is one); then
write Rev. of (neither italicized nor enclosed in
quotation marks), the title of the work
reviewed, a comma, the word by, and the name
of the author.
21. Review Author. “Title of Review (if there is one) .” Rev.
of performance Title, by Author/Director/Artist. Title of
Periodical
day month year: page. Medium of publication.
For example:
Weiller, K. H. Rev. of Sport, Rhetoric, and Gender:
Historical Perspectives and Media Representations, ed.
Linda K. Fuller. Choice
Apr. 2007: 1377. Print.
22. An Anonymous Article
If no author’s name is given for the article you are citing, begin
the entry with the title. Ignore any initial A, An, or The when you
alphabetize the entry. Do not include the name of a wire service
or news bureau.
For example:
“It Barks! It Kicks! It Scores!” Newsweek 30 July 2001 : 12.
Print.
23. A Special Issue
To cite an entire special issue of a journal, begin the entry with the name
of the person or persons who edited the issue, followed by a comma and
the abbreviation ed. Or eds. Next give the title of the special issue
(italicized) and a period, followed by spec. issue of and the name of the
journal (the name is italicized), conclude the entry with the journal’s
volume and issue numbers(separated by a period:”9.1”, the year of
publication( in parentheses), a colon, a space, the complete pagination of
the issue, a period, the medium of publication consulted, and a period.
Appiah, Kwame Anthony, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. Identities.
Spec. issue of Critical Inquiry 18.4 (1992): 625-884 . Print.
24. CITING NNOONNPPEERRIIOODDIICCAALL PPRRIINNTT
PPUUBBLLIICCAATTIIOONN
Entries for non periodical print publications, such as books
and pamphlets, consist of several elements in a prescribed
sequence. This list shows most of the possible components
of a book entry and the order in which they are normally
arranged:
1.Name of the author, editor, compiler, or translator,
2.Title of the work (italicized)
3.Edition used
4.Number(s) of the volume(s) used
5.City of publication, name of the publisher, and year of
publication
6.Medium of publication consulted (print)
7.Supplementary bibliographic information and annotation
25. Book with one author
Author’s name. Title of the book. Publication
information.
Franke, Damon. Modernist Heresies: British
Literary History, 1883-1924. Columbus: Ohio
State UP, 2008. Print.
26. Book with two or more authors
To cite a book by two or more authors , give their names in the same
order as on the title page and reverse only the name of the first author
, add comma, and give the other names in normal form place a period
after the last name .
For example :
Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. The Craft of
Research. 2nd ed. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 2003. Print.
If there are more than three authors, name only the first
and add et al.
27. A Book by a Corporate Author
A corporate author may be a commission, an association, a
committee, or any other group whose individual members
are not identified on the title page. Omit any initial article(A,
An, the) in the name of the corporate author, and do not
abbreviate its name. Cite the book by the corporate author,
even if the corporate author is the publisher.
Example :
National Research Council. Beyond Six Billion: Forecasting
the World’s Population. Washington: Natl. Acad., 2000.
Print.
28. An Introduction, a Preface, a Foreword, or an
Afterword
To cite an introduction, a preface, a foreword, or an
afterword, begin with the name of its author and then give the
name of the part being cited , capitalized but neither italicized
nor enclosed in quotation marks. Cite the author of the
complete work after its title, giving the full name in normal
order preceded by the word By. Continue with full publication
information .
For example:
Borges, Jorge Luis. Foreword. Selected Poems, 1923-1967. By
Borges. Ed. Norman Thomas Di Giovanni. New York: Delta-Dell,
1973. xv-xvi. Print.
29. An Anonymous Book
If a book has no author's or editor's name on the
title page, begin the entry with the title. Do not use
Anonymous or Anon. Alphabetize the entry by the
title, ignoring any initial A, An, or The.
Example :
American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage
and Style. Boston: Houghton, 2005. Print.
30. A Translation
To cite a translation, state the author's name first if you
refer primarily to the work itself; give the translator's
name, preceded by Trans., after the title. if the book has
an editor as well as a translator, give the names, with
appropriate abbreviations, in the order in which they
appear on the title page
Example :
Beowulf. Trans. E. Talbot Donaldson. Ed. Nicholas
Howe. New York: Norton, 2001. Print.
31. A Multivolume Work
If you are using two or more volumes of a multivolume
work, cite the total number of volumes in the work. This
information comes after the title or after any editor's name
or identification of edition and before the publication
information. Specific references to volume and page
numbers(3:212-13) belong in the text.
Example :
Blanco, Richard L., ed. The American Revolution, 1775-
1783: An Encyclopedia. 2 vols. Hamden: Garland, 1993.
Print.
32. A Brochure, Pamphlet, or Press Release
Treat a brochure or pamphlet as you would a
book.
Example :
Modern Language Association. Language
Study in the Age of Globalization: The College-
Level Experience. New York: MLA, n.d. Print.
33. A Book Published before 1900
When citing a book published before 1900, you may omit
the name of the publisher and use a comma, instead of a
colon, after the place of publication.
Example :
Brome, Richard. The Dramatic Works of Richard Brome.
3 vols. London, 1873. Print.
34. A Book without Stated Publication Information or
Pagination
using square brackets to show that it did not come from the
source.
Example :
New York: U of Gotham P, [2008].
If the date can only be approximated, put it after a c., for circa
'around': "[c. 2008]." If you are uncertain about the accuracy of
the information you supply, add a question mark: "[2008?]."
Use the following abbreviations for information you cannot
supply.
n.p. No place of publication given
n.p. No publisher given
n.d. No date of publication given
n. pag. No pagination given
35. Inserted before the colon, the abbreviation n.p. indicates
no place; after the colon, it indicates no publisher. N. pag.
explains the absence of page references in citations of the
work.
Example :
No Place N.p.: U of Gotham P, 2008.
No Publisher New York: n.p., 2008.
No Date New York: U of Gotham P, n.d.
No Pagination New York: U of Gotham P, 2008. N. Pag.
ex:
Bauer, Johann. Kafka und Prag. [Stuttgart]: Belser, [1971?]. Print.
36. CITING WEB PUBLICATION
A Work Cited Only on the Web
An entry for a non periodical publication on the Web usually
contains most of the following components, in sequence:
Name of the author, compiler, director, editor, narrator,
performer, or translator of the work.
Title of the work (italicized if the work is independent; in
roman type and quotation marks if the work is part of a larger
work).
Title of the overall Web site (italicized), if distinct from
item 2
Version or edition used
37. Publisher or sponsor of the site; if not available, use
N.p.
Date of publication(day, month, and year, as available);
if nothing is available, use n.d.
Medium of publication(Web)
Date of access (day, month, and year)
Example :
Antin, David. Interview by Charles Bernstein. Dalkey
Archive Press. Dalkey Archive P, n.d. Web. 21 Aug.
2007.
38. MMLLAA IInn--TTeexxtt CCiittaattiioonnss
In MLA style, referring to the works of others in
your text is done by using what is known
as parenthetical citation. This method involves
placing relevant source information in parentheses
after a quote or a paraphrase.
39. General Guidelines
1)The source information required in a parenthetical
citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print,
Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the source’s entry on the
Works Cited (bibliography) page.
2)Any source information that you provide in-text must
correspond to the source information on the Works Cited
page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phrase
you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first
thing that appears on the left-hand margin of the
corresponding entry in the Works Cited List.
40. MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text
citation. This means that the author's last name and the page
number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken
must appear in the text, and a complete reference should
appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may
appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following
the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should
always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your
sentence.
For example:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a
"spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
41. print sources with known author
For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal
articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phrase
(usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you
provide the signal word/phrase in the sentence, you do not
need to include it in the parenthetical citation.
For example :
Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as
"symbol-using animals" (3).
Human beings have been described as "symbol-using
animals" (Burke 3).
42. print sources with no known author
When a source has no known author, use a shortened title
of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in
quotation marks if it's a short work (such as an article) or
italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books,
television shows, entire Web sites) and provide a page
number.
Foe example :
We see so many global warming hotspots in North
America likely because this region has "more readily
accessible climatic data and more comprehensive
programs to monitor and study environmental
change . . ." ("Impact of Global Warming" 6).
43. Citing authors with same last names
If two or more authors have the same last name, provide both authors'
first initials (or even the authors' full name if different authors share
initials) in your citation.
For example:
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer
children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research
outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
Citing a work by multiple authors
For a source with three or fewer authors, list the authors' last names in
the text or in the parenthetical citation:
Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the
United States (76).
44. For a source with more than three authors, use the work's bibliographic
information as a guide for your citation. Provide the first author's last
name followed by et al. or list all the last names.
Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that
the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to
adjust gun laws (4).
Citing multivolume works
If you cite from different volumes of a multivolume work, always
include the volume number followed by a colon. Put a space after the
colon, then provide the page number(s). (If you only cite from one
volume, provide only the page number in parentheses.)
. . . as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14-17).
45. Citing indirect sources
Sometimes you may have to use an indirect source. An
indirect source is a source cited in another source. For such
indirect quotations, use "qtd. in" to indicate the source you
actually consulted.
For example:
Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as
"social service centers, and they don't do that well" (qtd. in
Weisman 259).
Note that, in most cases, a responsible researcher will
attempt to find the original source, rather than citing an
indirect source.
46. AAbbbbrreevviiaattiioonnss
Abbreviations are used regularly in the list of works cited and in
tables but rarely in the text of a research paper (except within
parentheses).
In choosing abbreviations, keep your audience in mind.
Spell out the names of months in the text but abbreviate them in
the list of works cited, except for May, June, and July. Whereas
words denoting units of time are also spelled out in the text
(second, minute, week, month, year, century) some time
designations are used only in abbreviated form (a.m., p.m, AD,
BC, ...)
47. a.m. before noon (from the latin ante meridiem)
BC before Christ (used after numerals ["19BC"] and reference to centuries
[fifth century BC]
Geographic Names:
Braz. Brazil
Ger. Germany
Common Scholarly Abbreviations and reference words:
acad. academy
anon. anonymous
dept. department
Bible:
Exod. Exodus
Dan. Daniel
Ezek. Ezekiel