This document defines what a bibliography is and provides guidelines for creating bibliographies in various styles. A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all materials used in a report or research paper. It acknowledges sources and gives them credit. There are various standardized styles for formatting bibliographies such as APA, MLA, Chicago and Turabian styles. The document outlines the general format and provides examples of how to cite different sources like books, journal articles, websites and films in a bibliography. It emphasizes acknowledging all sources used through a properly formatted bibliography.

2. Introduction
• A bibliography is an alphabetical list of all
materials consulted in the preparation of the
report.
• It is an integral part of the report.
• Bibliography word derive from Latin word
“Bibliographia”
• Biblio(BOOK) Graphia( WRITING)

3. Definition
• A bibliography can be defined
“ A list of reference materials (involving any
kind of content; text music, painting, video etc.)
elucidating the type, nature and other detailed
information on the basis of name, date and genre
of the materials”

4. Reasons for writing Bibliography
To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words,
ideas, diagram, illustrations, quotations borrowed or
any materials summarized or paraphrased
To show that you are respectfully borrowing other
people’s ideas, not stealing them. i.e to prove that you
are not copying
To offer additional information to your readers who
may whish to further pursue your topic.
To give readers an opportunity to check out your
sources for accuracy. An honest bibliography inspires
reader confidence in your writing

5. Styles used in bibliography
• There are various formats used in the creation
of a bibliography such as:
• APA style
• MLA style
• AMA style
• Turabian style
• Chicago style

6. • APA (American Psychological Association)
style: For research paper in psychology,
education and other social sciences.
• MLA (Medical Library Association) style: For
research papers in literature, arts and humanities.
• AMA (American Medical Association) style:
For research paper in medicine, health and
biological sciences.
• Turabian style: Designed for writers of team
papers, theses and dissertations.
• Chicago style: Used with all subjects in the real
world by books, magazines, newspaper and other
non-scholary publications

7. Format of a standard Bibliography
• Bibliography format for a book:
A standard bibliography for a book typically consists o the following
information:
• Author(S)
• Title
• Publisher
• Date of publication
• Bibliography format for periodical& journal article:
A bibliography entry for a journal or periodical article contains the following
information.
• Author(s)
• Article / Journal Title
• Volume Number
• Pages
• Date of publication

8. Guideless for formatting
Bibliography
• When assembling a final bibliography, list
your sources (texts, articles, interviews and so
on) in alphabetical order by authors’ last
name
• Sources that don’t have authors
(encyclopedias, movies) should be
alphabetized by title

9. Examples
Book With One Author
• Author’s last name with initial.
Year of publication, Title of the
Book. Edition(if not first), City:
Name of the Publisher, page
no/nos

10. • Book with two authors
• Author’s last name, first name and
second author’s full name(with
initial). Year of publication, Title of
the Book. Edition(if not first), City:
Name of the Publisher, page no/nos

11. Book with three authors
• Author’s last name, first name,
second author’s full name and third
author’s full name (with initial). Year
of publication, Title of the Book.
Edition(if not first), City: Name of
the Publisher, page no/nos

12. Book with more than three
authors
• Author’s last name et al. Year of
publication, Title of the Book.
Edition(if not first), City: Name
of the Publisher, page no/nos

13. Journal article
• Author’s last name(with
initial)Year of publication, Title of
the Article. Magazine title,
volume no. (issue.no.)page no/nos

14. Encyclopedia Article:
• Encyclopedia Title, Year Of
Publication. Edition Date.
Volume Number, “Article
Title”, Page Number

15. Magazine article
• Author’s last name,(with
initial), year of publication.
“article title”. Magazine title,
month of publication: page no

16. News paper article
• Author’s last name,(with initial).
Year of publication. “article title”.
Newspaper title, date of
publication, edition if necessary:
section if necessary: page number

17. A film
• Title, year, Director, Distributor
CD-ROM
• Disc title: Version, Date. “Article
title”,pages if given. Publisher
A web Page
• http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb