This document provides guidelines for citing audiovisual materials like TV and radio programs, and sound recordings, using MLA style. For TV/radio programs, the citation includes the director/episode name, title, authors/performers, program/series title, network/station, and date/medium. For sound recordings, it includes the performer/composer, song title (if relevant), album title, additional performers, recording date, publisher, date, and medium. Examples are provided for radio and TV programs, as well as compact discs.

1. Information Literacy Skills Development
Citation Basics for Audio Visual Material (MLA Writing Style)
Updated March 2017 | 1
TV or Radio Programs
Citations for radio or TV programs in your Works Cited list use the following structure:
Name of director. "Title of the Episode." Name(s) of the Author(s) on Whose Work the Broadcast is
Based, Performers, Narrator(s), and/or Others Involved in the Production of the Program or Series. Title
of the Program or Series. Name of the Network, if any. Call letters and City of the Local Station, if any.
Broadcast Date. Medium (Radio or Television).
1. Name of the director, followed by the abbreviation dir. Spell out his/her name -- do not use
initials. List the first author's last name, followed by a comma then his/her first name (and middle
name if applicable). If a work has more than one director, only invert the first director's name in
this manner. If no director is present, start with the episode title.
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2. Title of the episode, in quotation marks. Capitalize each word in a chapter title and subtitle,
including prepositions (a, an, the) if they are the first word of the title or subtitle. If a preposition is
not the first word of the title or subtitle, do not capitalize it.
.
3. Name(s) of the author(s) on whose work the broadcast is based, performers, narrator(s), and/or
others involved in the production of the program or series. This element of the citation also
includes such designations as "Adapt." for the adaptor of a work. The examples provided in
section 5.7.1 of the MLA Handbook offer guidance on who to include, if anyone, in this element of
the citation.
.
4. Title of the program or series, in italics. Capitalize each word in a page title, including
prepositions (a, an, the) if they are the first word of the title. If a preposition is not the first word of
the title, do not capitalize.
.
5. Name of the network, if any.
.
6. Call letters and city of the local station, if any.
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7. Broadcast date.
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8. Medium of publication -- in this case, Radio or Television.
EXAMPLES
Radio program:
The Current. Narr. Anna Maria Tremonti. CBC Radio One. 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012.
Tremonti, Anna Maria, Narr. "France proposes homework ban, should Canada do the same?" The
Current. CBC Radio One. 22 Oct. 2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012
Television program:
Posey, Stephen, dir. "I, Robot... You, Jane." By Ashley Gable and Thomas A. Swyden. Prod. Joss
Whedon. Perf. Sarah Michelle Gellar. Buffy the Vampire Slayer. WB Network. 28 Apr. 1997.
Television.

2. Information Literacy Skills Development
Citation Basics for Audio Visual Material (MLA Writing Style)
Updated March 2017 | 2
Sound Recordings
Citations for audio recordings in your Works Cited list use the following structure:
Name of the performer or composer. "Title of the Song (if Citing an Individual Song)." Title of the
Album. Name(s) of Additional Performer(s), if Necessary. Recording date for a live recording,
if necessary. Name of the publisher or record company. Publication date. Medium (CD, LP,
Audiocassette, or Audiotape). Additional relevant information.
1. Name of the performer or composer. For personal names, spell out the name -- do not use
initials. List the first author's last name, followed by a comma then his/her first name (and middle
name if applicable). If a work has more than one director, only invert the first director's name in
this manner.
.
2. Title of the song if citing an individual song, in quotation marks. Capitalize each word in a chapter
title and subtitle, including prepositions (a, an, the) if they are the first word of the title or subtitle.
If a preposition is not the first word of the title or subtitle, do not capitalize it..
.
3. Title of the album, in italics. Capitalize each word in a page title, including prepositions (a, an,
the) if they are the first word of the title. If a preposition is not the first word of the title, do not
capitalize it.
.
4. Name(s) of additional performer(s), if necessary. This section can include, but is not limited to,
conductors, directors, orchestras, performers, narrators, and/or others involved in the production
of the program or series.
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5. Recording date for a live recording, if necessary.
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6. Name of the publisher or record company.
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7. Publication date.
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8. Medium of publication -- CD, LP, Audiocassette, or Audiotape (for 8-tracks and other reel-to-reel
platforms).
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9. Additional relevant information.
EXAMPLES
Compact disc:
Kronos Quartet. Nuevo. Nonesuch, 2002. CD.
Compact disc with composer, performers, orchestra, conductor, and recording date:
Beethoven, Ludvig van. Symphony No. 9 in D Minor "Choral." Perf. Elisabeth Schwarzkopf,
Elisabeth Höngen,Hans Hopf, and Otto Eldmann. Chor un Orchester der Bayreuther Festpiele.
Cond. Wilhelm Furtwängler. Rec. 29 July 1951. EMI, 1998. CD. Great Recordings of the Century.