This is my first slide show presentation in IT1 subject and it is entitled BUTTERFLY. I hope for those people who wants to able to view i wish you will like it.
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
THE PPT COVERS - GENERAL INTRODUCTION , SYSTEMATIC POSITION, HABIT AND HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, BEHAVIOUR, ECOLOGY
REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT , RELATIONSHIP TO PEOPLE.
This is my first slide show presentation in IT1 subject and it is entitled BUTTERFLY. I hope for those people who wants to able to view i wish you will like it.
order hemiptera is divided in two sub order i.e. Homoptera and Heteroptera. major families of order hemiptera are pentatomodae, coreidae, cimicidae, pyrrhocoreidae, lygaeidae, cicadilidae, delphacidae, aphidae, coccidae, laphopidae, aleurodidae, pseudococcidae, jassidae etc.
THE PPT COVERS - GENERAL INTRODUCTION , SYSTEMATIC POSITION, HABIT AND HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION, MORPHOLOGY, BEHAVIOUR, ECOLOGY
REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT , RELATIONSHIP TO PEOPLE.
Kitchen gardening beneficial insects ad other biological control 5 By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardening beneficial insects ad other biological control 5 By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Consultant KPK Pakistan In Training of Kitchen Gardening
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
Kitchen gardening beneficial insects ad other biological control 5 By Mr Al...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Kitchen gardening beneficial insects ad other biological control 5 By Mr Allah Dad Khan Agriculture Consultant KPK Pakistan In Training of Kitchen Gardening
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
Similar to LEPIDOPTERA Order presentation By Aftab Ahmed Rahimoo (20)
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
2. INTRODUCTION
The order Lepidoptera comprises the moths
and butterflies & Skippers, one of the largest
insect Orders, with 180,000 species
worldwide.
It includes Moths and butterflies
The term "Lepidoptera" means scale-wing in
Greek
There is a wide variation in size
in the Lepidoptera 4-100mm.
3. CHARACTERISTICS
Body, wings, appendages, are densely clothed
with overlapping scales, which give colour,
rigidity and strength.
Mouthparts in adults are of siphoning type.
Mandibles are absent.
The suctorial proboscis is coiled up like a watch
spring and kept beneath the head when not in
use.
Wings are membranous and are covered with
overlapping pigmented scales.
4. Forewings are larger than hind wings. Cross
veins are few.
Larvae are polypod-eruciform type.
Mouthparts are adapted for chewing with
strong mandibles.
antenna is short and three segmented.
Two to five pairs of fleshy unsegmented
prolegs are found in the abdomen.
Pupa is generally obtect.
7. DIFFERENCE B/W
BUTTERFLY & MOTH
MOTH
Generally yellowish white in colour
Nocturnal
Generally 2 ocelli present
Wings at rest hold in horizontal position
Pupae generally covered with cocoon
Larvae are generally covered with hairs
8. BUTTERFLY
These are bright coloured
Diaurnal in habit
The ocelli are absent
Wings are held vertical at rest
Pupae are naked known as chrysalis
Larvae are smooth and naked
9. LIFE CYCLE
The life cycle of a butterfly includes four
stages: egg, caterpillar or larva, pupa, and
adult.
The pupa stage is when butterflies
undergo a complete metamorphosis.
The time needed to complete the
metamorphosis varies in each species.
10. LIFE CYCLE
A female may lay only a few eggs or tens
of thousands.
After the caterpillars hatch, they usually
develop through 4 to 7 instars over a
period of a few weeks.
When the caterpillar is ready to pupate
they generally find shelter to spin their
cocoons
12. REPRODUCTION
After mating is complete, the female searches
for a location to lay her eggs.
It is essential that she finds a place where an
appropriate food plant for her larvae is
available.
Females lay their eggs singly or in groups
directly on the underside of the leaf or on the
stem of the food plant.
Butterfly eggs vary in color, but most tend to
be white, green, or yellowdevelops inside.
13. PEST:
Crop damage by Lepidoptera is only done
by the larvae
Pink boll worm It’s a serious pest of
cotton
Moths and butterflies can cause huge
losses by damaging fruits, corn, potatoes,
cotton, tomatoes
Many other crops and garden plants as
well.
15. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Butterflies and moth affect the economy
negatively
because they are pests in agriculture
major pests includes tortricidae, noctuidae
and pyralidae.
Some species are valuable economic
resource.
Domesticated silkworm moth (bombyx
mori), the larvae of which form silken
cocoons.
16. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Biological control of weed
Pyralid cactus most succesfully
suppressed million of acres of prickly
pear cactus
Alligator weed stem borer ( arcola
malloi) was used to control the aquatic
plant known as alligator weed
17. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE:
Pollination
Moths (Lepidoptera) are the major
nocturnal pollinators of flowers.
While feeding on nectar, butterflies and
moths will unwittingly pick up pollen on
their legs, proboscis, or bodies and
transfer it from flower to flower