This document discusses the social behavior of ants in India. It describes 6 common species of Indian ants, including their sizes, lifespans, and characteristics. It discusses ant nest formation, the different castes (queens, workers, males), and the life cycle from egg to adult. It provides details on unique species like farmer ants that cultivate fungus gardens and honey collector ants that obtain nectar from caterpillars. In closing, it shares some interesting facts about ants' abilities and history.
the presentation will help you learn more about how the insect eyes really work in field conditions and more over for the better understanding you can take help from from book: THE INSECTS:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION byR.F.CHAPMAN.....as the contents of my presentation are from that book only.....
Honey bees are social insects, which means that they live together in large, well-organized family group.
Communication, complex net construction, environmental control, defense and divison of the labor are just some of the behaviour that honey bees have developed to exist successfully in social colonies.
A honey bees colony typically consists of three kinds of the bees 1) Queen. 2) Workers. 3) Drones.
In addition to thousands of workers adults, a colony normally has a single queen & several hundred drones.
Honey bees live in comb or nest.
Mutual cooperation exist.
Developed communication Dance.
the presentation will help you learn more about how the insect eyes really work in field conditions and more over for the better understanding you can take help from from book: THE INSECTS:STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION byR.F.CHAPMAN.....as the contents of my presentation are from that book only.....
Honey bees are social insects, which means that they live together in large, well-organized family group.
Communication, complex net construction, environmental control, defense and divison of the labor are just some of the behaviour that honey bees have developed to exist successfully in social colonies.
A honey bees colony typically consists of three kinds of the bees 1) Queen. 2) Workers. 3) Drones.
In addition to thousands of workers adults, a colony normally has a single queen & several hundred drones.
Honey bees live in comb or nest.
Mutual cooperation exist.
Developed communication Dance.
This ppt includes the brief introduction about class Insecta or Phylum Arthropoda. In this ppt families of Class Insecta and their suitable examples also have been discussed with pictures.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
This ppt includes the brief introduction about class Insecta or Phylum Arthropoda. In this ppt families of Class Insecta and their suitable examples also have been discussed with pictures.
Social organization and social behaviour in insectsPoojaVishnoi7
Introduction
Properties of a society
Advantages of a society
Disadvantages of a society
Social organisation and social behaviour in insects:-
1. Termites
2.Honeybees
3.Ants
4.Yellow wasp
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Farmers are always faced with continuous problems about pests and insects destroying their crops. This is really a big problem if it is not controlled since their crops are their main source of livelihood and income. Most farmers would use insecticides but the government is controlling the use of pesticides due to the possible effects of these chemicals to the crops. For this reason, it will be very useful if farmers are taught about praying mantis facts.
Praying mantises are actually widely used in certain parts of the world as pest control insects. They may be insects themselves but they never eat crops, leaves, or plants. This information should be shared to farmers because using praying mantises for their pest control procedures will be beneficial for them in terms of getting rid of insects that eat their crops and in helping the environment as well.
For farmers, it must be taught that praying mantises are highly predatory and they can consume numerous types of insects in their farms without posing any type of threat to their crops and plants. But praying mantises do not choose their prey too. So if they eat insects that harm your plants, they may also eat insects that actually help your crops.
sourcesby:prayingmantisfacts.net
Insect order collembola are also known as Springtails. here the detail about this order mentioned like what are its families and what are its economic importances.
This document contain all of the relative information for apiculture which is also known as Beekeeping.
This document contain mostly related topics such as history, taxonomical classification, types of bees, production of honey and structure of hives.
This presentation consists of some important families of order Hymenoptera along with their important identifying characteristics and their importance in agriculture as pest as well as parasitoid.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2. CONTENTS
Introduction
Type of Indian ants
Nest Formation
Different forms of ants
Life cycle
Farmer ants
Honey collecter ant
Some Intresting facts about ants
2
4. Large and little black.
Commonly called Pharaoh
ant.(Pharaoh=king of Egypt).
Length-0.5mm.
Life spane- 4 to 12 months.
MONOMORIUM CAMPONOTUS
Common black ant.
Commonly called as Carpenter ant.
Length-0.2mm.
Life spane-6 to 12 weeks.
predators in nature.
4
5. SOLENOPSIS DORYLUS
Commonly called fire ant & small red ant.
Comparetvely other ant ,fire ant bite and
spray formic acid.
Length-3 to 6mm.
Life spane of Queen and Worker are
7 years and 5 weeks respectively.
Nest in soil,river bank,pond shore etc.
Commonly called as driver ant.
Also calld as winged ant.
Length-1mm
Life spane-2 to 3 years.
5
6. AENICTUS
Commonly called as army ant.
Very hard working and predators in nature.
Length-0.5 mm
Life spane-3 years.
OECOPHYLLA
Commonly called as weaver ant.
Mostly found in trees and red in colour.
Show unique nest building behavior where
worker construct nest by weaving and
using larval silk.
Length-8 to 10mm
Life spane-8 to 10 weeks.
6
7. NEST FORMATION
New colony is found by a single fertilized queen.
Some species do not construct nest and most of species make their own nest.
Some species occupy temporaily nests of other ants that relationship called
plesiobiosis.
Ant make subterranean nests by excavating that form granier used as storing food
and galleries chamber for brood.
Ant species Formica rufa make mound nest which is 60-160cm in diameter.
Oecophylla(weaver ant) construct nest that own larval silk mixed with vegetable.
Weaver ant colony consist of single queen and two types of worker.(Small
worker-care for eggs & Large worker-construct nest,care queen).
7
9. DIFFERENT FORMS OF ANTS
The main cast of ants are queens,worker and male.
QUEEN / GYNES
These are fertile female.
Queen is largest in size in comparison to
other castes of their species.
Antennae and legs are shorter and mandibles well
developed.
Larger individual are called macrogyens and dwarf ones
microgynes.
An egg laying worker called gynaecoid,occours in colony if
queen is lost due to any reason that action rarely occurs in
colony and they bears external secondary sexual character of
both male and female.
QUEEN
9
10. WORKERS / ERGATES
Sterile female are called worker.
Smallest in size & larger are called macregate and
smaller are micregate.
Macregates are called Pahelwan of insect world
because their ability to lift too much weights of their
body weight.
Amazing sense of direction & without wings.
In army ant colony 3 types of worker are present.These are
Small worker – Task for feeding broods.
Midium worker – Task for searching food.
Larger worker(Soldiers) - Task for defending own colony and attack other insect colony.
WORKER
10
11. MALES / ANERS
These are small ,fertile,winged
indivisuals.
They bear small head and reduced
mandibles.
Well developed reproductive organ
and longer antennae.
Larger indivisuals are called
macraners.
Smaller indivisuals are called micraners.
MALE
11
12. LIFE CYCLE
Mating occurs in nuptial flight.
Adult: The pupa emerges as an adult. The entire life cycle usually lasts from 6
to 10 weeks.
The life cycle of the ant consists of four stages:
egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Fertilized eggs produce female ants (queens, workers, or
soldiers).
unfertilized eggs produce male ants.
Egg: Ant eggs are oval shaped and tiny.
Larva: The worm-like larvae have no eyes and no legs.
Pupa: A cocoon cover the pupa as it metamorphoses to adult.
Queen lays eggs that hatch into larva which is cylindercal.
Adults
12
13. FARMER ANTS
In South America rain forest,“Fungus
gardening species“ of ant cultivate like human
beings.
These ant do gardening of fungus in 180m radius.
These ant species worker cast cut small pieces of leaves
from plant of rain forest.
These small pieces of leaves are masticated by worker to
form pulp of leaves.
Pulp of leaves is mixed with waste products and some own
secretion of their own body to make pulp fertile.
Fungus spores fall on this pulp and fungus grow within a week.
These fungus is food of these ant.
FARMER ANT
13
14. HONEY COLLECTOR ANT
Rattle ants are found in tropical forests of Australia.
Sah balloon is a caterpillar of small butterfly.
These caterpillar bear a small tube on dorsal surface
of its body.
These small tube secreat green nutrient called honey dew.
Worker rattle ant collect these honey dew and use as food.
Sah balloon caterpillar and Rattle ant live symbiotically.
Catterpiller provide them honey dew and ant
provide them protection.
14
15. SOME INTERSTING FACTS ABOUT ANTS
Ants have ability to carry 10-50 times their own body weight.
Ants do not have lungs and ears.
But breath through spiracles.
But hear using vibration.
Lot of ants in world, around 1 millions ant = 1 human in the world.
Ants have two stomaches.
One stomach – Hoilding food for own.
Another stomach – For sharing food to other ant.
Ants are as old as dinosaurs. ( During cretaceous period 130
millions years ago.)
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