This document provides an overview of research methodology concepts for a management capstone project. It defines research as a systematic process of investigating problems through data collection and analysis in order to reach conclusions. The document outlines different types of research (e.g. descriptive, analytical), variables used in research (e.g. independent, dependent), and objectives of research studies. It also discusses important aspects of research methodology like developing hypotheses, collecting objective data, and critically analyzing findings.

1. MIS-49100
METHODOLOGIES OF
PROJECT DEVELOPMET
 Capstone course that guides student to emphasize various methodological approaches
to software acquisition, development, testing, and implementation, and understand
relevance of methodologies to Capability Model Theory, interdependence of phase
deliverables, quality control techniques and methods, and tools for testing

2. MIS 49100 - FINAL PROJECT
Research Methodology

3. INTRODUCTION
 Research is “Search of knowledge”- It is a scientific and
systematic search for relevant information on a specific
topic.”
 According to the Oxford Dictionary, “A careful inquiry
specially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge.”
 According to Clifford Woody, the research comprises
defining and redefining problems, formulating a hypothesis
or suggested solution; collecting, organizing, and evaluating
data; making deductions and reaching a conclusion; and at
last, carefully testing the decisions to determine whether
they fit the formulating hypothesis.

4. Research is an organized set of
activities to study and develop a
model of procedure technique to
find the result of a realistic
problem supported by literature
and data such that its objectives
are maximized.

5. SOME TERMINOLOGIES
 Data: Measurement of records of facts
made under specific conditions
 Hypothesis: The tentative assumption of
the study or expected results of the study
 Independent variable: The part of the
experiment that the researcher is
manipulating; also called experimental or
treatment variable.
 Dependent variable: The effect of the
Independent variable

6. SOME TERMINOLOGIES
 Population: A total number of subjects that
abide by the inclusion and exclusion
criteria.
 Review: A research paper is a critical
evaluation of research on a particular
topic.
 Research proposal / Synopsis: A formal
preparation that includes an introduction,
literature review, and proposed study
method.

7. What is Research Methodology?
 It is defined as a highly intellectual human
activity used to investigate nature and matter
and deals specifically with how data is
collected, analyzed, and interpreted.
 A system of models, procedures, and
techniques used to find the result of a
research problem are called research
methodology.

8. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
 To gain familiarity with a phenomenon.
 To portray the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation, or group accurately.
 To determine the frequency with which
something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else.
 To identify the causal relationship between
variables.

9. Attributes of Good Research Study
 OBJECTIVE: Good research must answer the research
question.
 CONTROL: Good research must be able to control all
variables.
 GENERALISABILITY: Generate similar results when
used other methods.
 BIAS FREE: Research should be free from personal
bias. It should be based on objective and not on the
subjective matter.
 SYSTEMATIC: A good research study must have various
well-planned steps, i.e., all steps must be interrelated,
and one step should lead to another step.

10. FEW TYPES OF RESEARCH STUDIES
 Descriptive research
 Analytical research
 Applied research
 Basic research
 Quantitative
research
 Qualitative research
 Conceptual

11. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
 Surveys & fact-finding inquiries of
different kinds.
 The purpose is the description of the
state of affairs as it exists at present.
 The researcher has no control over the
variables; he can only report what has
happened or what is happening.

12. ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
 Involves indebting study and evaluation of
available information in an attempt to
explain the complex phenomenon.
 The researcher has to use facts or
information already available and analyze
them to evaluate the material critically.

13. CONCEPTUAL / EXERIMENTAL RESEARCH
 Related to some
abstract ideas /
theory experiment.
 Attempt to
establish cause
and effect
relationship.

14. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The application of valid & reliable research methods is called
the scientific method. It has three distinct characteristics.
 OBJECTIVE: Should enable to classify facts accurately.
 ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENT: The only collection of
facts will not be sufficient; it must be able to make
observations of the correlation and sequence, which can be
derived as desired results.
 SELF CRITICISM: Should critically examine the research as
the study has done is not sure that they have found the

15. Management Research
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT
Three factors stimulate decision:
 The managers increased the need for more and better
information.
 The availability of improves techniques and tools to meet
this need.
 The resulting information overload.

16. ROLE IN BUSINESS / INDUSTRY
Common uses of research in decision making ;
Marketing Research:
 Product Research – Assessment of suitability of
goods with respect to design and price.
 Market Characteristics Research (Qualitative) – Who
uses the product? How a product is used, shopping
habits, units in which product is purchased….
 Size of Market (Quantitative) – Market potential, total
sales quota sales & advertising efforts etc…
 Sales research – Analysis sales record
 New product lunching..

17. ROLE IN BUSINESS / INDUSTRY
Government policies & economics system:
 It helps in examining the consequence of changes
coming in economic conditions.
Solving Operational & Planning Problems :
 Helps in deciding forecasting which helps in efficient
production and investment programs such as
purchasing & financial plans which affect the Profit and
Loss account
Social Relationships :
 Helps people earn their livelihood
 It helps students to know and write and report various
findings.
 It may help researchers, in general, to generalize a new

18. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH…..
Management Research as follows….
 The systematic and objective process of generating
information for aid in making management decisions
 The aim is to obtain an in-depth understanding of the
particular subject.
 Rising competition has compelled many organizations to
conduct market research.
 Organizations may conduct research themselves, by
appointing a research team to work on the same.

19. APPROACHES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Few Management Approaches are as follows….
 Pure & Basic Research; Its basic purpose is to enhance
knowledge and understanding.
 Objective Research; Frames certain clear objectives and
hypothesis and then tests the validity of established
knowledge with the situation / issue.
 Evaluative Research; In this the research, in contrast,
assess some aspect of the organizational function by
analyzing the effectiveness of given issue.
 Applies Research; This type is more of solving a particular
problem within the organization.

20. 20
 For your final project you need a list of
literature and recourses.
 Resources Include:
Articles
Readings
Book Reference Sources
URL references
Previous classes material
Internships
Works resources
Review of Literature

21. 21
 These resources should be organized into
categories such as:
 Primary sources
 Secondary sources
 Web links
 Articles
 Scholarly publications
 Include a brief description of each resource and
it's relevance to your project.
 These citations should be listed in APA format.
Include a title page.
 Be sure to include enough detailed information for
Review of Literature

23. Copyright