1. Topic: Classification of Research METHOD By PURPOSE
Basic Research
Develop and Refine
Theory
Applied Research
Problem Solution method
Action Research
Practitioners
attempt to study
their problems
Basic Research:(Fundamental / Pure Research)
It buildsupbroadgeneralizations,principlesandtheoriesof education.
Result:discoveryof useful conceptssuchasthose of motivation,reinforcement,conceptformation.
Example:“Constructivismapproachin mathematicsteachingandassessmentof mathematical
understanding”
(MonoranjanBhowmik,VidyasagarTeachers’TrainingCollege)
Characteristic.
1. Educational theoriesandprinciples
2. Use wide range of methods
3. Highlyspecifichypothesisare developed
4. Careful attention+erroris reduced
5. Complex analysisof data
6. Generalizationremainconfinedtobooksandresearchreport
AppliedResearch: (Functional Research)
The Primaryfunctionof researchineducationisto improvementsforeducation
Whoused: Teachers, educational planners,administrators,curriculumspecialists.
Example:“Educational innovationsandpedagogical beliefs:The case of a professional development
program forIndonesianteachers”
(CherPingLim,Jo Tondeur,HennyNastiti andJeremyPagram,The HonkKongInstitute of Education)
Action Research:
The processby whichpractitionersattempttostudytheirproblemsscientificallyinordertoguide,
correct and evaluate theirdecisionsandaction.
Whoused?
PrimaryPurpose of basicresearchisthe extensionof knowledge whereasthe purpose of applied
researchisthe solutionof animmediatepractical problem.
Example: “Teachersinvestigate their own work: An introduction to the methods of action research."
(Altrichter, H., Posch,P.,& Somekh).
Misconceptions:
Basic Applied
Complex simple
Precise &exacting sloppyandhaphazard
No use inreal situation Great practical value
Action Research: usuallyconductedbyteachersandadministratorsforsolvingaspecificproblemorfor
providinginformationfordecisionmaking.
2. Topic:Classificationof ResearchMETHOD By STRATEGIES
Quantitative Method Qualitative Method
Quantitative Research
It isthe systematicempirical investigationof observablePhenomenavia, statistical, mathematical or
computational techniques.
Objective ofQuantitative Research:
The objective of quantitative researchistodevelopandemploymathematical models,theoriesand
hypothesespertainingtonatural phenomena.
Example:Quantitative Method
Can instruction&Emotional Supportinthe firstGrade classroommake a difference forchildrenatrisk
of school failure?
(BridgetK.Hamre & Robert C. Plante:Universityof Virginia)
Qualitative Methods:
A kindof researchinwhich, we do notuse statistical procedures.
Objective of Qualitative methods:
It focuses onstudyingasingle personandgatheringdatathroughthe collectionof storiesthatare used
to construct a narrative aboutthe individual’s experience andthe meaninghe /she attributestothem.
Example: Qualitative Method
Adequate schoolsandinadequate Education:the life historyof aSneakyKids.
(Harry F. Wolcott: University of Oregon )
Difference betweenQuantitative Research& Qualitative Research
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Type of data Numerical data Non-Numerical data+ Visual data
Research Problems Hypothesisandresearchprocedures
startedbefore beginningthe study.
Researchproblemsandmethods
evolve asunderstandingof topic
deeper.
Sample size Large Smaller
Research Procedures Reliesonstatistical procedures Reliesoncategorizing and
organizingdataintopattern.
Participant Interaction Little interaction Extensive interaction
Phenomena Control Interest
Approaches Statistical Narrative
Underlyingbelief We live inastable and predictable
worldthat we can measure,
understand,andgeneralizedabout.
Meaningissituatedina particular
perspective orcontextthatis
differentforpeople and groups;
therefore,the worldhasmany
meaning.
Types SurveyResearch
CorrelationResearch
Causal Comparative
ExperimentalResearch
Narrative Research
Ethnographic
Case study
