This document discusses research methodology and design. It outlines the process of empirical research, which involves developing research hypotheses based on observations or curiosity, defining the research problem and objectives, designing a sampling method, collecting and coding data, analyzing the data, and refining theories. It also defines variance as a measure of how dispersed or spread out a set of scores are from each other. The research design is the overall plan and strategy for an investigation that aims to answer research questions and control variance, according to definitions provided.

1. RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

2. TOPIC
Concept of variance, Partitioning of variance, Source
of error variance, Control Techniques.

3. RESEARCH DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN refers to the plan, structure, and strategy
of research--the blueprint that will guide the research process.
Developing Research
Hypotheses
Intriguing Observation,
Intellectual Curiosity
Defining Research
Problem & Objectives
Testing Hypo.:
Data Analysis &
Interpretation
Sampling Design
Refinement of theory
(Inductive Reasoning)
Data Coding,
And
Editing
Developing Operational
Definitions for
Research Variables
Building the Theoretical
Framework and the
Research Model
Data Collection
More Careful Studying
of the Phenomenon
THE PROCESS OF
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

4. According to Kerlinger (1986) research design is
the plan, structure, and strategy of investigation
conceived so as to obtain answers to research
questions and to control variance.
The research design is the master plan specifying
the methods and procedures for collecting &
analyzing the needed information in a research
study

5. Variance
Variance is the measure of the dispersion or spread of a
set of scores. It describes the extent to which the scores
differ from each other.