1. Introduction to Research Methodology
Research Methodology

2. INTRODUCTION
Research is “Search of knowledge”- It is a scientific and systematic
search for relevant information on specific topic”
According to Oxford Dictionary, “A careful inquiry specially
through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge”
According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and
redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solution;
collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and
reaching conclusion; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to
determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.

3. Research is an organized set of
activities to study and develop a
model of procedure technique to
find the result of a realistic
problem supported by literature
and data such that its objectives
are maximised

4. SOME TERMINOLOGIES
Data: Measurement of records of facts made under
specific conditions
Hypothesis: tentative assumption of the study or
expected results of the study
Independent variable: The part of the experiment
that the researcher is manipulating; also called
experimental or treatment variable.
Dependent variable: The effect of the Independent
variable

5. SOME TERMINOLOGIES
Population: A total number of subjects which they
abide the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Review: A research paper that is a critical
evaluation of research on a particular topic.
Research proposal / Synopsis: A formal
preparation that includes introduction, review of
literature and proposed method of conducting
study.

6. What is Research Methodology?
Is defined as a highly intellectual
human activity used in the investigation
of nature and matter and deals
specifically with the manner in which
data is collected, analyzed and
interpreted
A system of models, procedures and
techniques used to find the result of a
research problem is called research

7. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon
To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular
individual, situation or a group
To determine the frequency with which something
occurs or with which it is associated with something
else
To identify the casual relationship between variables

8. Attributes of Good Research Study
OBJECTIVE: A good research must answer the research question.
CONTROL: A good research must be able to control all variables.
GENERALISABILITY: Generate similar result when used other
method.
BIAS FREE: Research should be free from personal bias. It should
be based on objective and not on subjective matter.
SYSTEMATIC: A good research study must have various well
planned steps, i.e. all steps must be interrelated and one step should
lead to another step.

9. FEW TYPES OF RESEARCH STUDIES
 Descriptive research
 Analytical research
 Applied research
 Basic research
 Quantitative research
 Qualitative research
 Conceptual research

10. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
Surveys & fact finding enquiries of different kinds
Purpose is description of the state of affairs as it
exists at present.
Researcher has no control over the variables; he
can only report what has happened or what is
happening.

11. ANALYTICAL RESEARCH
Involves indebt study and evaluation of available
information in an attempt to explain complex
phenomenon.
The researcher has to use facts or information
already available and analyze these to make a critical
evaluation of the material.

12. CONCEPTUAL / EXERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Related to some abstract ideas / theory experiment
Attempt to establish cause and effect relationship

13. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The application of valid & reliable research methods is called
scientific method. It has three distinct characteristics.
 OBJECTIVE: Should enable to classify facts
accurately.
ACCURACY OF MEASUREMENT: Only collection
of facts will not be sufficient, it must be able to make
observations of the correlation and sequence, which
can be derived as desired results.
SELF CRITICISM: Should critically examine the
research as the study done is not sure that they have
found truth.

14. Management Research
IMPORTANCE OF RSEARCH IN MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT
Three factors stimulates decision;
 The managers increased need for more and better
information.
The availability of improve techniques and tools to meet
this need.
The resulting information overload.

15. ROLE IN BUSINESS / INDUSTRY
Common uses of research in decision making ;
Marketing Research:
 Product Research – Assessment of suitability of goods
with respect to design and price.
Market Characteristics Research (Qualitative) – Who
uses the product? How product is used, shopping
habits, units in which product is purchased….
Size of Market (Quantitative) – Market potential, total
sales quota sales & advertising efforts etc…
Sales research – Analysis sales record
New product lunching..

16. ROLE IN BUSINESS / INDUSTRY
Government policies & economics system:
 It helps in examining the consequence of changes coming in
economic condition.
Solving Operational & Planning Problems :
 Helps in deciding forecasting which helps in efficient
production and investment programmes such as purchasing &
financial plans which effect the Profit and Loss account
Social Relationships :
 Helps people earn their livelihood
 It helps students to know and write and report various findings.
 It may help researchers, in general, to generalize a new
theories..

17. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH…..
Management Research as follows….
 The systematic and objective process of generating
information for aid in making management decisions
The aim is to obtain an in-depth understanding of the
particular subject.
Rising competition has compelled many organizations
to conduct market research.
Organizations may conduct research themselves, by
appointing a research team to work on the same.

18. APPROACHES MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
Few Management Approaches are as follows….
 Pure & Basic Research; Its basic purpose is to enhance
knowledge and understanding.
Objective Research; Frames certain clear objectives and
hypothesis and then tests the validity of established knowledge
with the situation / issue.
 Evaluative Research; In this the research, in contrast assess
some aspect of the organizational function by analyzing the
effectiveness of given issue.
 Applies Research; This type is more of solving a particular
problem within the organization.

19. What is Literature Review?
 To see what has and has not been investigated.
To develop general explanation for observed variation in
behavior or phenomenon.
To learn how others have defined and measured key
concepts.
To develop alternative research project.
To discover how a research project is releated to work of
others.

20. THANK YOU