The document summarizes an ultrasonic radar project presented by students. It includes an introduction to radar technology and ultrasonic sensors. It describes the components used - an Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor, and servo motor. It explains how ultrasonic pulses detect distance and the servo motor rotates the sensor to map surroundings. Distances are plotted on a graph using Processing IDE to simulate radar detection of objects. Potential applications of radar technology are discussed like air traffic control and security systems.
This document provides an introduction to radar surveillance systems. It explains that radar uses radio waves to detect objects by emitting signals that bounce off objects and return to the receiver. The time it takes allows the radar to calculate distance. The document outlines the components of a radar system including ultrasonic sensors to collect data, an Arduino microcontroller to calculate distance, a servo motor to direct the sensor, and an LCD display to output results. It provides code snippets and diagrams of the system and discusses applications in security, traffic control, and more. In conclusion, the document discusses the advantages of radar and potential future applications like self-driving cars.
This document contains multiple project reports for a wireless electronic notice board developed by students at the Government Polytechnic College in Neyyattinkara, India. The notice board allows text messages to be sent via GSM from any location and displayed on the board. It uses an ATmega32 microcontroller interfaced with a GSM module, LCD display, power supply and other components. The system validates incoming SMS messages and displays them. The reports describe the design, circuit diagrams, programming, and working of the notice board system.
This document describes the design and implementation of a radar system using an Arduino. The system uses an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and other components to detect objects. It provides advantages such as seeing through fog or darkness and determining an object's range, position, and velocity. Limitations include not being able to distinguish close targets or recognize color. The system was created to learn about radar technology and demonstrate its uses and capabilities.
Main project report on GSM BASED WIRELESS NOTICE BOARD Ganesh Gani
This document is the main project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It describes the development of a GSM based wireless notice board system. The system allows users to update scrolling messages on an LED display board remotely by sending SMS text messages. It aims to provide a more flexible alternative to traditional fixed notice boards by enabling instantaneous message updates from anywhere via the mobile phone SMS service. The report includes chapters on the hardware components, software requirements, schematic diagram, program code, advantages and applications of the project.
The document summarizes an ultrasonic radar project presented by students. It includes an introduction to radar technology and ultrasonic sensors. It describes the components used - an Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor, and servo motor. It explains how ultrasonic pulses detect distance and the servo motor rotates the sensor to map surroundings. Distances are plotted on a graph using Processing IDE to simulate radar detection of objects. Potential applications of radar technology are discussed like air traffic control and security systems.
This document provides an introduction to radar surveillance systems. It explains that radar uses radio waves to detect objects by emitting signals that bounce off objects and return to the receiver. The time it takes allows the radar to calculate distance. The document outlines the components of a radar system including ultrasonic sensors to collect data, an Arduino microcontroller to calculate distance, a servo motor to direct the sensor, and an LCD display to output results. It provides code snippets and diagrams of the system and discusses applications in security, traffic control, and more. In conclusion, the document discusses the advantages of radar and potential future applications like self-driving cars.
This document contains multiple project reports for a wireless electronic notice board developed by students at the Government Polytechnic College in Neyyattinkara, India. The notice board allows text messages to be sent via GSM from any location and displayed on the board. It uses an ATmega32 microcontroller interfaced with a GSM module, LCD display, power supply and other components. The system validates incoming SMS messages and displays them. The reports describe the design, circuit diagrams, programming, and working of the notice board system.
This document describes the design and implementation of a radar system using an Arduino. The system uses an Arduino Uno, ultrasonic sensor, servo motor, and other components to detect objects. It provides advantages such as seeing through fog or darkness and determining an object's range, position, and velocity. Limitations include not being able to distinguish close targets or recognize color. The system was created to learn about radar technology and demonstrate its uses and capabilities.
Main project report on GSM BASED WIRELESS NOTICE BOARD Ganesh Gani
This document is the main project report submitted by four students for their Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It describes the development of a GSM based wireless notice board system. The system allows users to update scrolling messages on an LED display board remotely by sending SMS text messages. It aims to provide a more flexible alternative to traditional fixed notice boards by enabling instantaneous message updates from anywhere via the mobile phone SMS service. The report includes chapters on the hardware components, software requirements, schematic diagram, program code, advantages and applications of the project.
My Final Year Project - Individual Control Home Automation SystemMichael Olafusi
This project involves the design and construction of an individual control home
automation system using RS232, GSM technology and a microcontroller.
Home automation is the automatic or semi-automatic control and monitoring of
household appliances and residential house features like doors, gate and even the windows.
This project is a demonstration of how to design and build a multi purpose remotely
controlled system that can switch OFF and ON any electrical household appliance (including the security light), by dialling a phone already interfaced via RS232 to a microcontroller that controls a relay for the automatic switching on and off of the appliance and the phone will send a feedback short message service text indicating the new state of the appliance, whether switched ON or OFF.
The results of this project show that a microcontroller is a very powerful device for
building smart electronic devices that can automatically control electrical appliances, with little circuitry complexities and components.
A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. A smart phone Android operated robot car. Now here is a simple to control our robo car using Bluetooth module HC-05 and AT89S52 microcontroller with our android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. . The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller. In our work, move the robot upward, backward, left and right side by the android application such as Bluetooth Controlled Car.
This document provides a summary report on a pet feeder project based on an Arduino Uno. The project was completed by three students - Harsh Dobariya, Akshay Kalapgar, and Mohit Kamble - under the guidance of their internal guide, Mr. Swapnil Gharat. The report includes an introduction to the project, aims and objectives, a literature review, a description of the proposed system, implementation details, and details of the hardware and software used. The proposed system is an automatic pet feeder controlled by a smartphone that uses a servo motor, Arduino Uno, and Bluetooth module to remotely feed pets based on input from a mobile app.
This document describes an ultrasonic radar system using an Arduino microcontroller and Android application. It provides an introduction, explains the sensor handling procedure, reviews existing similar systems, highlights advantages of this system such as displaying results on a phone screen with angle detection, and includes class/block diagrams, equipment details, a user manual, and conclusion.
This document describes a project to create a "Smart Dustbin" that uses sensors and communication technologies to monitor garbage levels and notify authorities when bins are full. The system uses infrared sensors to detect garbage levels in bins and sends SMS alerts to municipal authorities. When a bin reaches 90% capacity, a buzzer sounds and LED lights indicate the full status. The lid also prevents additional garbage from being added. The goal is to improve waste management and support cleanliness initiatives through automated monitoring of public garbage bins.
This document describes an automatic water pump controller project created by a group of students. The controller uses a liquid level sensor connected to an Arduino board to monitor the water level in a tank. It controls a water pump motor using a motor driver. When the sensor detects a low water level, the pump motor will run at full speed to refill the tank. At a medium level, the pump slows, and at a high level the pump stops to prevent overfilling. The system aims to efficiently control the pump and reduce water wastage. It provides accurate water level information in an affordable and easy to implement design.
Radar Arduino system is a simulation of radar using various micro-components. Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect and measure the distance of an obstacle. Simulation has been performed on Tinkercad software.
Arduino based electronic notice board and controlling of home appliances by u...Nunna Swathi
ABSTRACT:Notice boards plays a major role in Educational institutions or any organisations or bus stations and railway stations the information can be shared by means of messages. But sending various messages at a time becomes tedious process by using paper notices . In order to overcome the difficulties we are introducing SMS based notice board . This paper deals with the SMS based notice board incorporating widely used GSM SIM900 for displaying messages via user’s mobile . The main idea behind this paper is to provide the simple and flexible way for the user to display notices on the LED display through messages by using GSM SIM900. This GSM SIM 900 module will be used anywhere irrespective of the place where the network connectivity will be available. In this paper we are not only dealing with the SMS based notice board but also with the home appliances control with the help of ATmega 328 controller . With the help of this controller we are controlling home appliances like Fan and light with the help of the messages sent to GSM SIM900. The GSM SIM900 will receive the commands what we sent from the mobile and operation will perform accordingly.
Keywords: ATmega 328 controller , GSM SIM900 LED Display , Mobile
The document provides a list of over 200 mini electronics project ideas for engineering students. It includes ideas in various categories such as embedded systems, electrical, robotics, communications, solar power, and more. The projects range from simpler ideas like a burglar alarm to more complex systems like an automatic vehicle identification toll pass system. The list aims to help students improve their skills and knowledge by providing innovative project options.
This document describes the design and implementation of an Arduino-based radar system using an ultrasonic sensor. It discusses the sensor handling procedure, existing similar systems, the system block diagram, components used, performance, a demonstration of it working, and advantages of this system. The system allows an Arduino board to detect distances using ultrasonic pulses and transmit the data to an Android device over Bluetooth.
Home automation using blynk app with fan direction control and displaying sta...Diwash Kapil Chettri
The document presents a mini project on controlling electrical appliances using IoT. The project uses an ESP8266 WiFi module, an L298 motor driver, relay modules, and an LCD display to interface appliances like bulbs, fans, and AC units. A smartphone app allows remote control and monitoring of devices. The system provides convenience, energy savings, and security for smart home automation. Challenges include data security and lack of standards. The project aims to address increasing demand for smart homes with remote control and data collection capabilities.
Automatic Door Opener using PIR SensorRAGHUVARMA09
This document describes an automatic door opening system using a PIR sensor. When a person approaches within the sensor's range, it sends a signal to the microcontroller to open the door using a motor. The door automatically closes after a fixed time delay if no further movement is detected. The system uses an Arduino, PIR sensor, LCD display, motor driver, and other hardware. It is powered by a battery and is designed to open doors automatically for accessibility purposes in places like malls, hotels, and theaters. Further improvements proposed include adding user counting and upgrading to a closed-circuit TV system for security monitoring.
Now a days 90% of accidents happening due to silly reason of alcohol drinking. so we introduce this project for saftey of people and preventing accidents due to alcohol consumption.
As elderly population increases day by day caretaking demands are also increasing. Hence patient health monitoring systems are gaining importance these days. This paper is based on monitoring of patients. We have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patient's health parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG, position) in real time. In the current proposed system the patient health is continuously monitored using different sensors which is connected to the Arduino board. And the acquired data is send to the server using Ethernet shield attached to the Arduino board. If any of the parameter values goes beyond the threshold value an alert is given to the doctor using an Android application installed in the doctor’s smartphone.
This document presents an alcohol detection and monitoring system with engine locking that is designed to reduce drunk driving accidents. The system uses an alcohol sensor to detect alcohol levels in a driver's breath and will send a signal to a microcontroller to stop the engine and trigger an alarm if alcohol is detected. It also uses a GPS module to track the vehicle's location and a GSM module to send a message with the location to local authorities. The system is intended to automatically detect drunk driving and alert authorities in order to improve road safety.
Automatic water level monitoring and control system using IoTDanish Mehraj
This is the documentation for making Automatic water level monitoring and control system using Internet of Thimgs (IoT) which will help is to save water and removes the efforts to take care of watering u[ the tanks in homes and offices.
The document describes a final year project report on a gesture controlled car. It includes an introduction describing gesture recognition technology and the components used in the project. The main chapters provide detailed descriptions of the accelerometer, encoder, decoder, microcontroller, motors, and connection diagrams. The implementation chapter explains how the accelerometer outputs analog voltages corresponding to hand movements, which are converted to digital signals and transmitted to control the car.
This document discusses home automation through an Android mobile device. It describes a system where a Bluetooth module and relays are used to allow an Android phone to remotely control home appliances. The phone acts as the host controller, communicating with client modules attached to devices via Bluetooth. The system allows users to control lights, temperature and other electronics from their mobile device.
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health check-up. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.
This document describes an automatic temperature-controlled fan project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The fan will automatically turn on when the temperature reaches 35°C as measured by a temperature sensor, and will turn off again when the temperature drops below 35°C, in order to regulate the environment and reduce energy consumption. The system includes an Arduino, temperature sensor, LCD display, DC motor fan, battery power source, and connecting wires. Potential applications include use in homes and industries to assist people and save electricity by automating fan control based on temperature changes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document is a project report submitted by students of Central Polytechnic College for their diploma in electronics and communication engineering. It details the development of a computer vision system to assist visually impaired people. The system uses a camera to detect and identify objects and people, and an audio playback IC to audibly describe the detections to the user. It has a PIC microcontroller at its core, and includes other components like an LCD, power supply, and serial communication chips. The report includes sections on the system design with block diagrams, detailed descriptions of each hardware component, and the software used to program the microcontroller. The aim of the project is to help blind or visually impaired people navigate and identify objects independently without assistance.
My Final Year Project - Individual Control Home Automation SystemMichael Olafusi
This project involves the design and construction of an individual control home
automation system using RS232, GSM technology and a microcontroller.
Home automation is the automatic or semi-automatic control and monitoring of
household appliances and residential house features like doors, gate and even the windows.
This project is a demonstration of how to design and build a multi purpose remotely
controlled system that can switch OFF and ON any electrical household appliance (including the security light), by dialling a phone already interfaced via RS232 to a microcontroller that controls a relay for the automatic switching on and off of the appliance and the phone will send a feedback short message service text indicating the new state of the appliance, whether switched ON or OFF.
The results of this project show that a microcontroller is a very powerful device for
building smart electronic devices that can automatically control electrical appliances, with little circuitry complexities and components.
A robot is usually an electro-mechanical machine that is guided by computer and electronic programming. Many robots have been built for manufacturing purpose and can be found in factories around the world. Designing of the latest inverted ROBOT which can be controlling using an APP for android mobile. We are developing the remote buttons in the android app by which we can control the robot motion with them. A smart phone Android operated robot car. Now here is a simple to control our robo car using Bluetooth module HC-05 and AT89S52 microcontroller with our android Smartphone device. The controlling devices of the whole system are a microcontroller. Bluetooth module, DC motors are interfaced to the microcontroller. . The robot in the project can be made to move in all the four directions using the android phone. In achieving the task the controller is loaded with program written using Embedded ‘C’ Languages. Android smart phone controller Bluetooth robot using microcontroller. In our work, move the robot upward, backward, left and right side by the android application such as Bluetooth Controlled Car.
This document provides a summary report on a pet feeder project based on an Arduino Uno. The project was completed by three students - Harsh Dobariya, Akshay Kalapgar, and Mohit Kamble - under the guidance of their internal guide, Mr. Swapnil Gharat. The report includes an introduction to the project, aims and objectives, a literature review, a description of the proposed system, implementation details, and details of the hardware and software used. The proposed system is an automatic pet feeder controlled by a smartphone that uses a servo motor, Arduino Uno, and Bluetooth module to remotely feed pets based on input from a mobile app.
This document describes an ultrasonic radar system using an Arduino microcontroller and Android application. It provides an introduction, explains the sensor handling procedure, reviews existing similar systems, highlights advantages of this system such as displaying results on a phone screen with angle detection, and includes class/block diagrams, equipment details, a user manual, and conclusion.
This document describes a project to create a "Smart Dustbin" that uses sensors and communication technologies to monitor garbage levels and notify authorities when bins are full. The system uses infrared sensors to detect garbage levels in bins and sends SMS alerts to municipal authorities. When a bin reaches 90% capacity, a buzzer sounds and LED lights indicate the full status. The lid also prevents additional garbage from being added. The goal is to improve waste management and support cleanliness initiatives through automated monitoring of public garbage bins.
This document describes an automatic water pump controller project created by a group of students. The controller uses a liquid level sensor connected to an Arduino board to monitor the water level in a tank. It controls a water pump motor using a motor driver. When the sensor detects a low water level, the pump motor will run at full speed to refill the tank. At a medium level, the pump slows, and at a high level the pump stops to prevent overfilling. The system aims to efficiently control the pump and reduce water wastage. It provides accurate water level information in an affordable and easy to implement design.
Radar Arduino system is a simulation of radar using various micro-components. Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect and measure the distance of an obstacle. Simulation has been performed on Tinkercad software.
Arduino based electronic notice board and controlling of home appliances by u...Nunna Swathi
ABSTRACT:Notice boards plays a major role in Educational institutions or any organisations or bus stations and railway stations the information can be shared by means of messages. But sending various messages at a time becomes tedious process by using paper notices . In order to overcome the difficulties we are introducing SMS based notice board . This paper deals with the SMS based notice board incorporating widely used GSM SIM900 for displaying messages via user’s mobile . The main idea behind this paper is to provide the simple and flexible way for the user to display notices on the LED display through messages by using GSM SIM900. This GSM SIM 900 module will be used anywhere irrespective of the place where the network connectivity will be available. In this paper we are not only dealing with the SMS based notice board but also with the home appliances control with the help of ATmega 328 controller . With the help of this controller we are controlling home appliances like Fan and light with the help of the messages sent to GSM SIM900. The GSM SIM900 will receive the commands what we sent from the mobile and operation will perform accordingly.
Keywords: ATmega 328 controller , GSM SIM900 LED Display , Mobile
The document provides a list of over 200 mini electronics project ideas for engineering students. It includes ideas in various categories such as embedded systems, electrical, robotics, communications, solar power, and more. The projects range from simpler ideas like a burglar alarm to more complex systems like an automatic vehicle identification toll pass system. The list aims to help students improve their skills and knowledge by providing innovative project options.
This document describes the design and implementation of an Arduino-based radar system using an ultrasonic sensor. It discusses the sensor handling procedure, existing similar systems, the system block diagram, components used, performance, a demonstration of it working, and advantages of this system. The system allows an Arduino board to detect distances using ultrasonic pulses and transmit the data to an Android device over Bluetooth.
Home automation using blynk app with fan direction control and displaying sta...Diwash Kapil Chettri
The document presents a mini project on controlling electrical appliances using IoT. The project uses an ESP8266 WiFi module, an L298 motor driver, relay modules, and an LCD display to interface appliances like bulbs, fans, and AC units. A smartphone app allows remote control and monitoring of devices. The system provides convenience, energy savings, and security for smart home automation. Challenges include data security and lack of standards. The project aims to address increasing demand for smart homes with remote control and data collection capabilities.
Automatic Door Opener using PIR SensorRAGHUVARMA09
This document describes an automatic door opening system using a PIR sensor. When a person approaches within the sensor's range, it sends a signal to the microcontroller to open the door using a motor. The door automatically closes after a fixed time delay if no further movement is detected. The system uses an Arduino, PIR sensor, LCD display, motor driver, and other hardware. It is powered by a battery and is designed to open doors automatically for accessibility purposes in places like malls, hotels, and theaters. Further improvements proposed include adding user counting and upgrading to a closed-circuit TV system for security monitoring.
Now a days 90% of accidents happening due to silly reason of alcohol drinking. so we introduce this project for saftey of people and preventing accidents due to alcohol consumption.
As elderly population increases day by day caretaking demands are also increasing. Hence patient health monitoring systems are gaining importance these days. This paper is based on monitoring of patients. We have designed and developed a reliable, energy efficient patient monitoring system. It is able to send parameters of patient in real time. It enables the doctors to monitor patient's health parameters (temp, heartbeat, ECG, position) in real time. In the current proposed system the patient health is continuously monitored using different sensors which is connected to the Arduino board. And the acquired data is send to the server using Ethernet shield attached to the Arduino board. If any of the parameter values goes beyond the threshold value an alert is given to the doctor using an Android application installed in the doctor’s smartphone.
This document presents an alcohol detection and monitoring system with engine locking that is designed to reduce drunk driving accidents. The system uses an alcohol sensor to detect alcohol levels in a driver's breath and will send a signal to a microcontroller to stop the engine and trigger an alarm if alcohol is detected. It also uses a GPS module to track the vehicle's location and a GSM module to send a message with the location to local authorities. The system is intended to automatically detect drunk driving and alert authorities in order to improve road safety.
Automatic water level monitoring and control system using IoTDanish Mehraj
This is the documentation for making Automatic water level monitoring and control system using Internet of Thimgs (IoT) which will help is to save water and removes the efforts to take care of watering u[ the tanks in homes and offices.
The document describes a final year project report on a gesture controlled car. It includes an introduction describing gesture recognition technology and the components used in the project. The main chapters provide detailed descriptions of the accelerometer, encoder, decoder, microcontroller, motors, and connection diagrams. The implementation chapter explains how the accelerometer outputs analog voltages corresponding to hand movements, which are converted to digital signals and transmitted to control the car.
This document discusses home automation through an Android mobile device. It describes a system where a Bluetooth module and relays are used to allow an Android phone to remotely control home appliances. The phone acts as the host controller, communicating with client modules attached to devices via Bluetooth. The system allows users to control lights, temperature and other electronics from their mobile device.
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in a developing countries like India forces to look for new solutions for the continuous monitoring of health check-up. It has become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has become financially related and a time consuming process. To overcome this situation, we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat, temperature, ECG and BP and send the message to guardian using GSM. In the recent development of internet of things(IoT) makes all objects interconnected and been recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using IoT doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information whenever needed from anywhere.
This document describes an automatic temperature-controlled fan project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The fan will automatically turn on when the temperature reaches 35°C as measured by a temperature sensor, and will turn off again when the temperature drops below 35°C, in order to regulate the environment and reduce energy consumption. The system includes an Arduino, temperature sensor, LCD display, DC motor fan, battery power source, and connecting wires. Potential applications include use in homes and industries to assist people and save electricity by automating fan control based on temperature changes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document is a project report submitted by students of Central Polytechnic College for their diploma in electronics and communication engineering. It details the development of a computer vision system to assist visually impaired people. The system uses a camera to detect and identify objects and people, and an audio playback IC to audibly describe the detections to the user. It has a PIC microcontroller at its core, and includes other components like an LCD, power supply, and serial communication chips. The report includes sections on the system design with block diagrams, detailed descriptions of each hardware component, and the software used to program the microcontroller. The aim of the project is to help blind or visually impaired people navigate and identify objects independently without assistance.
A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that can be programmed to control electronic devices. It contains a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip. Microcontrollers come in various sizes based on their word length and internal bus width, from 4-bit to 32-bit. They also differ based on their memory architecture and instruction set. A microcontroller allows easy programming to control devices in embedded systems and provides advantages like low cost, small size, and flexibility.
This document provides an overview of the Arduino microcontroller board. It begins with an abstract discussing the advantages of Arduino boards over other controller boards. It then introduces Arduino, describing it as an open-source physical computing platform using a simple I/O board and development environment. The remainder of the document details the hardware components of the Arduino board, the Arduino programming software, and concepts for programming Arduino including variables, data types, and control structures.
Home Appliances Controlling using Android Mobile via BluetoothMOKTARI MOSTOFA
This project allows control of electrical appliances using an Android device. An Android application is installed to send commands via Bluetooth to a microcontroller. The microcontroller then controls relays connected to appliances like lights and fans, allowing remote switching on/off. This provides assistance for elderly and disabled people by making appliances controllable from a smartphone.
This document describes an energy saving visitor counter project that uses a microcontroller and infrared sensors. The objective is to design a circuit that can count the number of people entering and exiting a room and control the room light accordingly. It uses an IR transmitter and receiver to detect movement and increments or decrements the counter value, which is displayed on seven-segment displays. The microcontroller controls the counting and display functionality while receiving input from the IR sensors. Proteus and Keil software are used to simulate and program the microcontroller respectively.
Report on Embedded Based Home security systemNIT srinagar
This document describes an embedded home security system that uses various sensors and components. The system uses an AT89S52 microcontroller along with an IR sensor, LCD display, GSM module, LEDs and other components. The IR sensor detects intruders and the GSM module sends alerts. It provides automated security monitoring and user authentication to prevent break-ins. The system is designed to be effective, practical and reasonably priced for home security.
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT EMBEDDED SYSTEM.pptxMeghdeepSingh
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and microcontrollers. It defines a microcontroller as a single-chip computer containing memory, input/output circuitry, and other components to function without additional support. The document describes the features and components of a typical microcontroller, including registers, instruction sets, addressing modes, and peripherals. It compares microcontrollers to microprocessors and provides examples of using LEDs and 7-segment displays with microcontrollers.
Mobile robotic platform to gathering real time sensory data in wireless perso...Alexander Decker
This document describes a mobile robotic platform that uses wireless communication to gather real-time sensory data. The robots use Zigbee transceivers to transmit data like temperature and gas content to a control room over a wireless personal area network. A graphical user interface in MATLAB is used to monitor and control the robots. The system allows for low-cost wireless monitoring in applications like home security, mining, and hazardous environment monitoring where robots can gather data that may be dangerous for humans. Hardware and software components of the transmitting robot nodes and receiving coordinator node are discussed, including microcontrollers, sensors, wireless modules and the MATLAB GUI interface.
This document describes a home automation system that allows control of appliances like lights and fans from an Android mobile phone using Bluetooth. The system uses an 8-bit microcontroller with Bluetooth module to wirelessly communicate with the mobile phone. Home appliances are connected to the microcontroller board, which receives on/off commands from a mobile app to control the appliances. Feedback is provided on the device status by lighting LEDs on the microcontroller board. The system provides a low-cost way to automate home devices using a mobile phone over Bluetooth wireless technology.
Density based traffic light controlling (2)hardik1240
The document discusses the aims and scope of a project to build a traffic control system based on density. It uses IR sensor pairs placed at intervals to automatically detect traffic density and give priority to heavier traffic. The system aims to solve the problem of wasted time at intersections when traffic density is uneven between sides. It will control traffic lights based on real-time density calculations from the sensor data.
This study paper portrays a fresh approach for
a course and laboratory design to establish low cost prototypes
and other entrenched devices that accentuate virtual
programmable logic device (VPLD), object oriented java and
real time processing tactics. JAVA is used for software
development. The study encompasses the use of host and node
application. A high performance, low power AVR with high
endurance non-volatile memory segments and with an advance
RISC structure is used to construct prototypes. The paperwork
deals with the VPLD board which is capable to work as
corresponding digital logic analyzer, equation parser, standard
digital IC and design wave studio
This document describes the design and implementation of a voice activated, programmable, multipurpose robot. The robot uses a microcontroller and various integrated circuits to enable voice control and wireless control via dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. The document provides details on the circuit design and components, software design in C and Assembly languages, and concludes the robot demonstrates satisfactory performance for applications such as guiding visitors or patients.
This document describes the design and implementation of a voice activated, programmable, multipurpose robot. The robot uses a microcontroller and various integrated circuits to enable voice control and wireless control via dual-tone multi-frequency signaling. The document provides details on the circuit design and components, software design in C and Assembly languages, and concludes the robot demonstrates satisfactory performance for applications such as guiding visitors or patients.
IMPLEMENTATION OF USER INTERFACE FOR MICROPROCESSOR TRAINER cscpconf
This paper aims to design and construct the microcontroller - based userinterface system and to
study input, computation and output for microprocessor trainer.The other two activities beyond
computation :input and output or I/O.This paper also aims to do high quality research in the
area of filesystems, as well as develop a good implementation on atleast one computersystem. A
computersystem's I/O performance must be commensurate (equal) with its CPU performance if
the I/O system is not to limit the system's total throughput.When hundreds to thousands of such
highperformance micro-processors are closely connected inscalablearray architecture, the
enormous CPU performance of the multi-computer requires an I/O system with correspondingly
high performance.A wellbalanced computer requires I/O performance commensurate with its
CPU performance. High performance computers, access large numbers of disks in parallel to
achieve the very appreciable I/O performance.
The document describes a line following robot project submitted by four students to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Jagannath University, Jaipur. It includes an acknowledgment, index, and sections on the circuit diagram, sensors, microcontroller, motor driver, source code, problems encountered, and applications of line following robots. The overall goal of the project is to build a robot that can sense a line and maneuver to stay on course using feedback from infrared sensors and a microcontroller to control motors via a motor driver.
Floor cleaning robot(autonomus mannual) vatsal shah-ec_4th yearVatsal N Shah
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Minor Project Report on - short range personal 'RADAR'.
1. A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“SHORT RANGE PERSONAL RADAR”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements
For the award of the degree
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted By:
Name of the student
Rahul Datta (0225EC131078)
Sarvesh Kushwaha (0225EC131090)
Shashikant Shyam (0225EC131095)
Shivam Patel (0225EC131098)
Under the guidance of:
Prof. Vishal Shrivastava
Electronics & Communication Engineering Department
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
GLOBAL NATURE CARE SANGATHANS GROUP OF
INSTITUTIONS, JABALPUR (M.P.)
RAJEEV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL (M.P.)
DECEMBER 2016
2. GLOBAL NATURE CARE SANGATHAN’S GROUP OF
INSTITUTION
DECLARATION
We, hereby declare that this report entitled “SHORT RANGE PERSONAL
RADAR” is an authentic record of our own work carried out toward the partial
fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics &
Communication Engineering, under the guidance of “Prof. Vishal Shrivastava”
(Asst. Prof. Department of EC GNCSGI Jabalpur) during August to December 2016.
Rahul Datta (0225EC131078)
Sarvesh Kushwaha (0225EC131090)
Shashikant Shyam (0225EC131095)
Shivam Patel (0225EC131098)
3. GLOBAL NATURE CARE SANGATHAN’S GROUP OF
INSTITUTION
CERTIFICATE
This is certified that “Sarvesh Kushwaha” has completed a Minor Project on
“Short Range Personal Radar” for the partial fulfillment for award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & Communication Engineering.
Date: __________ Project Guide
Prof. Vishal Shrivastava
Asst. Prof. (EC Deptt.)
Mr. Prateek Mishra Dr. Rajeev Khatri
H.O.D. (EC Deptt.) Director
GNCSGI Jabalpur GNCSGI Jabalpur
Date: __________ Date: __________
4. RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA,
BHOPAL
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Sarvesh Kushwaha
Has successfully completed his Minor project on
“SHORT RANGE PERSONAL RADAR”
During year 2016 in the partial fulfillment for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
5. INDEX
1.Abstract……………………………………………………PAGE 5
2.Introduction and Motivation…………………….PAGE 6
3.Brief Review………………………………………………PAGE 13
4.Proposed Problem Statement……………………PAGE 14
5.Proposed Work………………………………………….PAGE 15
6.Program…………………………….………………………PAGE 16
7.Bibliography……………………………………………..PAGE 23
8.References…………………………………………………PAGE 25
6. Abstract
The short range personal radar is a wonderful versatile tool for a plethora of applications. As the
name suggests it basically involves designing a radar system which successfully employs radio
frequency signals for detection and ranging of any obstacle in its range of surveillance.
While the basic controlling of the circuit is facilitated by the 8051 microcontroller programmed
in embedded c, the major task deals with the interfacing of various components of the project
with the microcontroller successfully thus implementing the radar sub-circuit’s accomplished
results to be effectively displayed on the led panel. Thus all we have to work on is the
assembling of the circuit, the most significant and core requirement- the coding of the
microcontroller and then mapping of the detected obstacle on the led panel.
The software used for simulation is Proteus 8. The radar circuit mounted on a dc motor shall
send a radio wave and receive its reflected form supplying the coded information to the
microcontrollers interrupt pin if any obstacle is detected in its range, this information shall be
analyzed and then with the help of decoders it will be conveyed to us by a glowing led on the
panel.
7. Introduction and Motivation
A micro-controller can be compared to a small stand alone computer; it is a very powerful
device, which is capable of executing a series of pre-programmed tasks and interacting with
other hardware devices. Being packed in a tiny integrated circuit (IC) whose size and weight is
usually negligible, it is becoming the perfect controller for robots or any machines requiring
some kind of intelligent automation. A single microcontroller can be sufficient to control a small
mobile robot, an automatic washer machine or a security system. Any microcontroller contains
a memory to store the program to be executed, and a number of input/output lines that can be
used to interact with other devices, like reading the state of a sensor or controlling a motor.
Now a days, microcontrollers are so cheap and easily available that it is common to use them
instead of simple logic circuits like counters for the sole purpose of gaining some design
flexibility and saving some space. Some machines and robots will even rely on a multitude of
microcontrollers, each one dedicated to a certain task. Most recent microcontrollers are ‘In
System Programmable’, meaning that you can modify the program being executed, without
removing the microcontroller from its place.
Today, microcontrollers are an indispensable tool for the robotics hobbyist as well as for the
engineer. Starting in this field can be a little difficult, because you usually can’t understand how
everything works inside that integrated circuit, so you have to study the system gradually, a
small part at a time, until you can figure out the whole image and understand how the system
work.
The 8051 micro-controller architecture
The 8051 is the name of a big family of microcontrollers. The device which we are going to use
along this tutorial is the ‘AT89S52‘ which is a typical 8051 microcontroller manufactured by
Atmel™. Note that this part doesn’t aim to explain the functioning of the different components
of an 89S52 microcontroller, but rather to give you a general idea of the organization of the
chip and the available features, which shall be explained in detail along this tutorial.
The block diagram provided by Atmel™ in their datasheet showing the architecture the 89S52
device can seem very complicated, and since we are going to use the C high level language to
program it, a simpler architecture can be represented as the figure.
8. The figure shows the main features and components that the designer can interact with. You
can notice that the 89S52 has four different ports, each one having eight Input/output lines
providing a total of 32 I/O lines. Those ports can be used to output DATA and orders do other
devices, or to read the state of a sensor, or a switch. Most of the ports of the 89S52 have ‘dual
9. function’ meaning that they can be used for two different functions: the first one is to perform
input/output operations and the second one is used to implement special features of the
microcontroller like counting external pulses, interrupting the execution of the program
according to external events, performing serial data transfer or connecting the chip to a
computer to update the software.
Each port has eight pins, and will be treated from the software point of view as an 8-bit variable
called ‘register’, each bit being connected to a different Input/Output pin.
You can also notice two different memory types: RAM and EEPROM. Shortly, RAM is used to
store variable during program execution, while the EEPROM memory is used to store the
program itself, that’s why it is often referred to as the ‘program memory’. The memory
organization will be discussed in detail later.
The special features of the 89S52 microcontroller are grouped in the blue box at the bottom of
figure. At this stage of the tutorial, it is just important to note that the 89S52 incorporates
hardware circuits that can be used to prevent the processor from executing various repetitive
tasks and save processing power for more complex calculations. Those simple tasks can be
counting the number of external pulses on a pin, or generating precise timing sequences.
It is clear that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the heart of the microcontrollers, It is the
CPU that will Read the program from the FLASH memory and execute it by interacting with the
different peripherals discussed above.
10. Figure 1.2.B
Figure 1.2.B shows the pin configuration of the 89S52, where the function of each pin is written
next to it, and, if it exists, the dual function is written between brackets. The pins are written in
the same order as in the block diagram of figure 1.2.A, except for the VCC and GND pins which I
usually note at the top and the bottom of any device.
Note that the pins that have dual functions can still be used normally as an input/output pin.
Unless you program uses their dual functions, all the 32 I/O pins of the microcontroller are
configured as input/output pins.
Most of the function of the pins of the 89S52 microcontroller will be discussed in detail, except
for the pins required to control an external memory, which are the pins number 29, 30 and 31.
Since we are not going to use any external memory, pins 29 and 30 will be ignored through all
the tutorial, and pin 31 (EA) always connected to VCC (5 Volts) to enable the micro-controller to
use the internal on chip memory rather than an external one (connecting the pin 31 to ground
would indicate to the microcontroller that an external memory is to be used instead of the
internal one).
11. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers when they both send and receive, but more
generally called transducers) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar, which evaluate
attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Active
ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is
received back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between sending the signal and
receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object. Passive ultrasonic sensors are
basically microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions.
Two Ultrasonic Sensor Types
The following diagrams summarize the distinctions between proximity and ranging ultrasonic
sensors:
Proximity Detection
An object passing anywhere within the preset range will be detected and generate an output
signal. The detect point is independent of target size, material, or degree of reflectivity.
Objected detected - YES Objected detected – NO
Ranging Measurement
Precise distance(s) of an object moving to and from the sensor are measured via time intervals
between transmitted and reflected bursts of ultrasonic sound. The example shows a target
detected at six inches from sensor and moving to 10 inches. The distance change is
continuously calculated and outputted.
12.
13.
14. Brief Review
Because ultrasonic sensors use sound rather than light for detection, they work in applications
where photoelectric sensors may not. Ultrasonics are a great solution for clear object detection,
clear label detection and for liquid level measurement, applications that photoelectric struggle
with because of target translucence. Target color and/or reflectivity do not affect ultrasonic
sensors which can operate reliably in high-glare environments.
Passive ultrasonic sensors may be used to detect high-pressure gas or liquid leaks, or other
hazardous conditions that generate ultrasonic sound.
15. Proposed Problem Statement
1. We plan to design a type of close proximity infrared radar system used to detect any
object close to the device by making scanning with angle 180°and distance from 10cm
to 500cm.
2. The system is based on microcontroller design. The user will hear a voice just as alarm
sound and the distance of the object will be readable on the screen of small LCD.
3. The user also can see the light given by LED appear in the direction of the object.
16. Proposed Work
Work done so far -
For making personal radar, we have collected all the information.
All the information regarding personal radar has been collected. Required elements like-
registers, IC's etc. Are arranged includes all the accessories. The element are arranged in the
bread board and trail has done. The trial version of personal radar has not work as expected.
There were some mistakes and that will be found out then rectified. The coding the micro
controller for personal radar has some errors, but project model has worked singnificantly.
Work to be done –
The codes will be uploaded to the micro controller and the circuit will be simulated in TinaPro
and PCB for the personal radar will be designed. PCB design is then implemented in the blank
PCB. After that all the components and connections will be fixed in the PCB. Array of LED will be
used to make the display and object location. Sensors, PCB and LED display will be combined
and the codes will be uploaded. Then the project will be ready to be tested.
17. Program
This program makes a servo pan back and forth and takes
data at 5 different points, interprets that data & displays
it on the output leds using PORT D & PORT C to talk with
the 74LS373's.
*/
//Initial Includes
#include <p18f452.h>
#include <timers.h>
#include <delays.h>
#include <adc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
//Servo Initialization
int servo0 = 0xFC17;
//More Initializations
int radar_direction = 0;
int whichway = 0;
int count = 0;
int result = 0;
int round = 0;
//Function Declarations
void InterruptHandlerHigh (void);
int Ir_Data_Eval(int, int);
void main(void)
{
//Allow Interrupts
RCON = 0b000000000;
INTCON = 0b10100000;
//Setup & Open A/D, Timers
OpenTimer0( TIMER_INT_ON & T0_16BIT & T0_SOURCE_INT & T0_PS_1_2 );
OpenTimer1( TIMER_INT_ON & T1_16BIT_RW & T1_SOURCE_INT & T1_PS_1_2 &
T1_OSC1EN_OFF & T1_SYNC_EXT_OFF );
//Initialize Timers
WriteTimer0( 0xB1DF );
18. WriteTimer1( 0xFC17 );
//Initialize Port Directions
TRISD = 0x00;
TRISB = 0x00;
TRISC = 0x00;
//Initially Light Up All Leds & Turn Them Off
PORTB = 0xFF;
PORTD = 0xFF;
Delay10TCYx(100);
PORTD = 0x00;
Delay10KTCYx(100);
PORTB = 0x00;
PORTD = 0xFF;
Delay10TCYx(100);
PORTD = 0x00;
Delay10KTCYx(100);
//Infinite While Loop
while(1)
{
//If radar is at one of 5 spots take a/d & output it to the leds
switch(radar_direction)
{
case 0:
ConvertADC();
while( BusyADC() );
result = ReadADC();
PORTB = Ir_Data_Eval(result, 1);
PORTD = 0x01;
Delay10TCYx(10);
result = 0;
PORTD = 0x00;
break;
case 1:
ConvertADC();
while( BusyADC() );
19. result = ReadADC();
PORTB = Ir_Data_Eval(result, 0);
PORTD = 0x02;
Delay10TCYx(10);
result = 0;
PORTD = 0x00;
break;
case 2:
ConvertADC();
while( BusyADC() );
result = ReadADC();
PORTB = Ir_Data_Eval(result, 0);
PORTD = 0x04;
Delay10TCYx(10);
result = 0;
PORTD = 0x00;
break;
case 3:
ConvertADC();
while( BusyADC() );
result = ReadADC();
PORTB = Ir_Data_Eval(result, 0);
PORTD = 0x08;
Delay10TCYx(10);
result = 0;
PORTD = 0x00;
break;
case 4:
ConvertADC();
while( BusyADC() );
result = ReadADC();
PORTB = Ir_Data_Eval(result, 0);
PORTD = 0x10;
Delay10TCYx(10);
result = 0;
PORTD = 0x00;
break;
20. }
}
}
//INTERRUPT CONTROL
#pragma code InterruptVectorHigh = 0x08 //interrupt pointer address (0x18
low priority)
void InterruptVectorHigh (void)
{
_asm //assembly code starts
goto InterruptHandlerHigh //interrupt control
_endasm //assembly code ends
}
#pragma code
#pragma interrupt InterruptHandlerHigh //enf.
void InterruptHandlerHigh() // declaration of InterruptHandler
{//this gets ran when ever the timers flop over from FFFF->0000
if(INTCONbits.TMR0IF) //check if TMR0 interrupt flag is set
{
WriteTimer0( 0xB1DF );
WriteTimer1( 0xFC17 );
count = 0;
INTCONbits.TMR0IF = 0; //clear TMR0 flag
}
if(PIR1bits.TMR1IF == 1 && PIE1bits.TMR1IE == 1) //if set controls the first servo
{
count++;
switch(count){
case 1: PORTC = 0x01; // First Stage
WriteTimer1( servo0 );
break;
default: PORTC = 0x00; // Left Gripper
WriteTimer1(0);
break;
}
PIR1bits.TMR1IF = 0; //clear Timer1 flag
PIE1bits.TMR1IE = 1; //clear Timer1 enable flag set to zero
/*
Begin Direction Control
21. */
//Move the Servo In Small Steps
if(whichway)
servo0+=5;
if(!whichway)
servo0-=5;
//When 90 degrees or 0 degrees is reached, switch direction
if(servo0 <= 0xF82F ){
whichway = 1;
round++;
}
if(servo0 >= 0xFC17){
whichway = 0;
round++;
}
/*
End Direction Control
*/
/*
Begin Radar Directional Lighting Control
*/ //If 120 < servo0 < 130
if(servo0 > 0xF8A7 && servo0 < 0xF8B1)
{
if(whichway == 0)
radar_direction = 0;
if(whichway == 1)
radar_direction = 1;
} //If 370 < servo0 < 380
if(servo0 > 0xF9A1 && servo0 < 0xF9AB)
{
if(whichway == 0)
radar_direction = 1;
if(whichway == 1)
radar_direction = 2;
}
24. Bibliography
Literature survey
PAPER TITLE : Design Infrared Radar System
AUTHOR : Yahya S.H. Khraisat
Description : The paper describes about interface of controller and motor with sensor.
The stepper motor will be turned on with instruction to rotate 180 by PIC. The stepper motor
will drive the IR SENSOR this sensor consist of emitter and detector. The emitter will send an
infrared signal to detect an object. When this signal hits the object, the signal will be reflected
back to the detector. Then the detector will send analog signal with suitable voltage and angle.
The voltage of this signal is suitable with the distance. The controller will make its and convert
analog signal to digital by A/D and give a command to the led which indicate in the direction of
the object.
25. Literature Survey
PAPER TITLE : Short Range Radar Based on UWB Technology
AUTHOR : L. Sakkila, C. Tatkeu, Y. ElHillali, A. Rivenq, ElBahhar and J-M. Rouvaen.
Description : Radar sends very short electromagnetic pulses. This type of radar can employ
traditional UWB waveforms such as Gaussian or monocycle pulses. To calculate the distance
between radar and obstacle, the time delay Δt between emission and reception is measured.
This distance is given by:
Where,
c is the light speed.
This radar offers a resolution in distance of about 15 cm for a width pulse of 1ns, so that this
system is very interesting for short range road safety applications.