Microencapsulation involves coating tiny particles or droplets of active ingredients with a thin polymeric film. There are two main types: microcapsules, which have a reservoir structure, and microspheres, which have a matrix structure. Various methods can be used for microencapsulation including pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, coacervation, and centrifugal extrusion. The choice of coating material and method depends on the properties of the core ingredient and desired release characteristics. Microencapsulation provides benefits such as masking tastes, sustained release of ingredients, and protection from moisture, oxygen, and light.
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-oral therapeutics. Some commercial products that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process of coating solid, liquid, or gaseous materials in tiny capsules or spheres ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns in size. There are several methods of microencapsulation including air suspension, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and spray congealing. These methods involve dispersing an active core material in a coating solution or melt and applying the coating as it solidifies through solvent evaporation, cooling, or thermal congealing to form microcapsules. Microencapsulation is used for various purposes like taste masking, controlled release, protecting unstable materials, and targeted delivery of drugs or nutrients.
The document provides information on nasal and pulmonary drug delivery systems. It discusses the anatomy of the nose and lungs, as well as various delivery methods. The nasal cavity has a lining that is highly vascular and rich in mucus glands, providing a large surface area for drug absorption. Pulmonary delivery uses aerosols to deposit drugs in the lungs. Some key advantages of these routes include rapid onset of action, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and improved bioavailability over oral delivery. Delivery methods include liquid formulations, metered-dose pumps, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers. Overall, the document outlines the anatomical features and absorption pathways in the nose and lungs, and reviews different systems for delivering drugs via these
ALZET osmotic pumps are implantable devices that continuously deliver solutions over a set duration at a constant rate. They offer a simple alternative to repetitive injections by providing around-the-clock exposure to test agents without needing frequent animal handling. ALZET pumps work through osmosis, using no batteries or electronics. They have various sizes to deliver agents from 1 day to 6 weeks at controlled rates. Common applications include delivering drugs, hormones, and other compounds in animal research.
Microencapsulation involves coating solid, liquid, or gaseous core materials in diameters between 1-1000 μm within an inert shell. This process isolates and protects core materials while controlling drug release. Methods like single emulsion, solvent evaporation, phase separation, and spray drying are used to prepare microspheres and microcapsules for applications like oral drug delivery, vaccines, gene delivery, and targeted therapies. Microencapsulation masks tastes, separates incompatible materials, and provides environmental protection or controlled release of core substances.
This document discusses mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, specifically focusing on their use for buccal drug delivery. It begins with an introduction to mucoadhesion and bioadhesion. It then outlines the various routes mucoadhesive systems can be delivered through, including buccal, oral, vaginal, rectal, nasal and ocular delivery. The document focuses on the advantages of oral mucoadhesive systems for prolonged drug residence in the oral cavity. It discusses considerations for buccal drug delivery formulations, including drug properties, excipients used and factors affecting transmucosal permeability.
Micro-encapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles coated with thin walls. It is used for controlled drug delivery, masking tastes/odors, and isolating reactive materials. Common methods include coacervation, spray drying, fluidized bed coating, and polymerization. Micro-encapsulation can provide benefits like controlled release, reduced toxicity, and improved handling of materials.
Easy & to the point Topics are clearly given in this presentation..
Thanks & Best Regard
(Anurag Pandey) B.Pharm
Contact :- anurag.dmk05@gmail.com (Facebook & Gmail both)
Microencapsulation is a process where tiny particles or droplets of a core material are surrounded by a coating to form capsules in the micrometer to millimeter range called microcapsules. Various techniques are used to produce microcapsules including air suspension, pan coating, coacervation, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation offers advantages like taste masking, sustained release, and protection of materials. Microcapsules find applications in pharmaceuticals for controlled drug delivery and replacement of non-oral therapeutics. Some commercial products that use microencapsulation technology include Lupin Cefadroxil, ZORprin CR, and Glipizide SR.
Microencapsulation is a process of coating solid, liquid, or gaseous materials in tiny capsules or spheres ranging from 1 micron to 1000 microns in size. There are several methods of microencapsulation including air suspension, pan coating, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and spray congealing. These methods involve dispersing an active core material in a coating solution or melt and applying the coating as it solidifies through solvent evaporation, cooling, or thermal congealing to form microcapsules. Microencapsulation is used for various purposes like taste masking, controlled release, protecting unstable materials, and targeted delivery of drugs or nutrients.
The document provides information on nasal and pulmonary drug delivery systems. It discusses the anatomy of the nose and lungs, as well as various delivery methods. The nasal cavity has a lining that is highly vascular and rich in mucus glands, providing a large surface area for drug absorption. Pulmonary delivery uses aerosols to deposit drugs in the lungs. Some key advantages of these routes include rapid onset of action, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and improved bioavailability over oral delivery. Delivery methods include liquid formulations, metered-dose pumps, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers. Overall, the document outlines the anatomical features and absorption pathways in the nose and lungs, and reviews different systems for delivering drugs via these
ALZET osmotic pumps are implantable devices that continuously deliver solutions over a set duration at a constant rate. They offer a simple alternative to repetitive injections by providing around-the-clock exposure to test agents without needing frequent animal handling. ALZET pumps work through osmosis, using no batteries or electronics. They have various sizes to deliver agents from 1 day to 6 weeks at controlled rates. Common applications include delivering drugs, hormones, and other compounds in animal research.
Microencapsulation involves coating solid, liquid, or gaseous core materials in diameters between 1-1000 μm within an inert shell. This process isolates and protects core materials while controlling drug release. Methods like single emulsion, solvent evaporation, phase separation, and spray drying are used to prepare microspheres and microcapsules for applications like oral drug delivery, vaccines, gene delivery, and targeted therapies. Microencapsulation masks tastes, separates incompatible materials, and provides environmental protection or controlled release of core substances.
This document discusses mucoadhesive drug delivery systems, specifically focusing on their use for buccal drug delivery. It begins with an introduction to mucoadhesion and bioadhesion. It then outlines the various routes mucoadhesive systems can be delivered through, including buccal, oral, vaginal, rectal, nasal and ocular delivery. The document focuses on the advantages of oral mucoadhesive systems for prolonged drug residence in the oral cavity. It discusses considerations for buccal drug delivery formulations, including drug properties, excipients used and factors affecting transmucosal permeability.
Micro-encapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles coated with thin walls. It is used for controlled drug delivery, masking tastes/odors, and isolating reactive materials. Common methods include coacervation, spray drying, fluidized bed coating, and polymerization. Micro-encapsulation can provide benefits like controlled release, reduced toxicity, and improved handling of materials.
This document summarizes a seminar on oral controlled drug delivery systems presented by Sonam M. Gandhi. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of controlled delivery systems. Key types discussed include dissolution controlled, diffusion controlled, and combined dissolution/diffusion controlled systems using coatings or matrices. Other methods covered are ion exchange resins, pH dependent formulations, osmotic pressure controlled systems, and hydrodynamically balanced systems. Specific examples and equations are provided to explain the drug release mechanisms and rate determinations for several of these approaches.
Powerpoint presentation on controlled drug delivery system. Its introduction, terminologies, rationale, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug, approaches for designing controlled release formulations and physicochemical and biological properties of drug
This document summarizes several controlled release oral drug delivery systems, including osmotic pressure controlled systems, hydrodynamically balanced systems, and pH-activated systems. Osmotic systems use a semipermeable membrane to control the rate of drug release based on osmotic pressure differences. Hydrodynamically balanced systems remain floating in the stomach for extended periods using gel polymers or effervescent components. pH-activated systems target drug delivery to specific regions of the GI tract based on pH-sensitive polymer coatings.
“Microparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 1-1000 μm.”
The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a microparticle matrix.
This document discusses various approaches to developing implantable drug delivery systems, including controlled drug delivery via diffusion, activation processes, and feedback regulation. It describes systems that use polymer membranes, matrices, microreservoirs, and hybrid designs to control drug release rates. Activation methods include osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, magnetism, hydration, and hydrolysis. Feedback systems can be regulated by bioerosion and bioresponses to biochemical factors. The document provides examples of implantable systems and discusses how drug and system properties influence release kinetics.
coacervation-phase separation technique in micro encapsulation Tejaswini Naredla
This document discusses the coacervation-phase separation technique for microencapsulation. It begins by introducing microencapsulation and listing several techniques. It then describes coacervation-phase separation in more detail, explaining that it involves separating a solution into three immiscible phases to deposit a coating material onto a core material. The document outlines the three main steps of this process: forming the three phases, depositing the coating material, and rigidizing the coating. It provides examples of techniques used in coacervation-phase separation like temperature change, incompatible polymer addition, and salt addition. In conclusion, it states this technique is used to sustain drug release and stabilize oxidation among other purposes.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system Mali vv pptVidhyaMali1
This document discusses mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS). It begins by defining MDDS as systems that use the bioadhesive properties of certain polymers to target and prolong the release of drugs at mucous membranes. It then covers the basics of mucous membranes and their structure, composition, and functions. The document discusses the need for MDDS to enhance drug absorption, prolong drug residence time, and target drug delivery. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of MDDS, various routes of administration, mechanisms of mucoadhesion, theories of mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers, and methods of evaluating MDDS. In the end, it provides some applications of MDDS such as vaccine delivery, cancer
Gastroretentive drug delivery system by mali vvVidhyaMali1
This document provides an overview of gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). It defines GRDDS as a drug delivery system that can retain a dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time to slowly release medication. The document discusses the anatomy of the stomach and factors controlling gastric retention. It also outlines several approaches for GRDDS, including floating drug delivery systems, bioadhesive/mucoadhesive systems, and expandable/swellable systems. The advantages and applications of GRDDS are noted.
Intrauterine & Intravaginal Drug Delivery SystemPRASHANT DEORE
This document discusses intrauterine and intravaginal drug delivery systems. It begins with an introduction and overview of anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. It then describes various types of intravaginal drug delivery systems including suppositories, bioadhesive semisolids, elastomeric rings, and solid polymeric carriers. Factors affecting vaginal drug absorption are also discussed. The document concludes by describing intrauterine drug delivery systems including non-hormonal and hormonal IUDs, and discussing advantages and disadvantages of both intravaginal and intrauterine systems.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, formulation considerations, release mechanisms, and techniques. Microencapsulation is defined as coating small particles or droplets of a core material with a shell or coat to form microcapsules or microspheres ranging from 1-1000 μm. It can improve drug delivery by altering release rates and targeting sites of action. Common techniques include pan coating, spray drying, spray chilling, coacervation, and ionotropic gelation.
Micro-encapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within microscopic particles coated with thin walls. It allows for controlled release of substances like drugs. Various methods are used including air suspension, coacervation, and spray drying. Coacervation involves separating a coating material from solution to form liquid droplets that coat core materials. This process protects substances and allows targeted, timed delivery for applications like pharmaceuticals.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
This document discusses gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), which aim to prolong the gastric residence time of drugs and target drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It describes the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and potential drug candidates for GRDDS. Various approaches for GRDDS are covered, including floating, high density, bioadhesive, swelling, and superporous hydrogel systems. Evaluation parameters, applications, marketed formulations, and conclusions about GRDDS are also summarized.
Video Lecture is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXu_CLgB4q0
Introduction, terminology/definitions and rationale, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug candidates. Approaches to design-controlled release formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. Physicochemical and
biological properties of drugs relevant to controlled release formulations.
This presentation discusses implantable drug delivery systems. It begins by defining implants as solid masses of purified drug intended for implantation via minor surgery or large bore needle to provide continuous drug release over long periods. Implants are well-suited for drugs like insulin, steroids, antibiotics, and analgesics. The presentation covers advantages like controlled delivery, improved compliance and stability. It also discusses types of implant systems including rate-programmed, activation-modulated, and feedback-regulated devices. Various mechanisms for controlling drug release like diffusion, hydration and enzymatic reactions are described. The conclusion emphasizes implants can provide targeted delivery without limitations of other administration methods.
“It is define has an substance or Pharmaceutical material is encapsulated over the surface of solid, droplet of liquid and dispersion of medium is known has Microencapsulation”
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System or GRDDSAkshayPatane
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Includes:
Floating and Non-Floating drug delivery system with their subtypes
Like Non-effervescent system, Effervescent system, Raft forming system,
High Density system, Expandable system, Muco-adhesive system,
Super porous hydrogel system and Magnetic Systems, etc.
This document provides an overview of gastric retention drug delivery systems (GRDDS). It discusses the need for and advantages of GRDDS. The key approaches covered for achieving gastric retention include floating drug delivery systems, mucoadhesive systems, swellable systems, and high density systems. The document reviews gastrointestinal physiology and factors affecting gastric emptying. It also evaluates different GRDDS approaches and provides examples of commercial gastroretentive formulations. In conclusion, the document states that GRDDS are preferable for delivering drugs that need to be released in the gastric region.
Factors affecting design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (write-up)Suraj Choudhary
This document discusses factors affecting the design of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS). It outlines several key considerations including selection of the drug candidate based on properties like solubility and half-life. It also discusses medical rationales like dosing frequency and patient compliance. Biological factors that influence absorption, distribution, and elimination are examined. Physicochemical properties of the drug like solubility, molecular size, and ionization must also be considered. The document provides an in-depth overview of factors involved in developing an effective CRDDS formulation.
Microencapsulation is a process of coating solid or liquid active ingredients within inert polymeric materials to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. There are various techniques for microencapsulation including air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release profiles, improve patient compliance, produce targeted drug delivery, and mask unpleasant tastes. Evaluation of the microcapsules involves determining yield percentage, particle size analysis, encapsulation efficiency, drug content, and drug release studies.
Microencapsulation is the process of coating solid or liquid materials in a polymeric film. It has advantages like sustained drug release, masking taste/odor, and protecting unstable drugs. Common coating materials are water soluble/insoluble resins, waxes, and lipids. Microencapsulation techniques include air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. The drug release kinetics depend on factors like coating thickness, porosity and permeability. Microcapsules are evaluated for characteristics, morphology, viscosity, density and in vitro drug release.
This document summarizes a seminar on oral controlled drug delivery systems presented by Sonam M. Gandhi. It discusses advantages and disadvantages of controlled delivery systems. Key types discussed include dissolution controlled, diffusion controlled, and combined dissolution/diffusion controlled systems using coatings or matrices. Other methods covered are ion exchange resins, pH dependent formulations, osmotic pressure controlled systems, and hydrodynamically balanced systems. Specific examples and equations are provided to explain the drug release mechanisms and rate determinations for several of these approaches.
Powerpoint presentation on controlled drug delivery system. Its introduction, terminologies, rationale, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug, approaches for designing controlled release formulations and physicochemical and biological properties of drug
This document summarizes several controlled release oral drug delivery systems, including osmotic pressure controlled systems, hydrodynamically balanced systems, and pH-activated systems. Osmotic systems use a semipermeable membrane to control the rate of drug release based on osmotic pressure differences. Hydrodynamically balanced systems remain floating in the stomach for extended periods using gel polymers or effervescent components. pH-activated systems target drug delivery to specific regions of the GI tract based on pH-sensitive polymer coatings.
“Microparticles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 1-1000 μm.”
The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a microparticle matrix.
This document discusses various approaches to developing implantable drug delivery systems, including controlled drug delivery via diffusion, activation processes, and feedback regulation. It describes systems that use polymer membranes, matrices, microreservoirs, and hybrid designs to control drug release rates. Activation methods include osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, magnetism, hydration, and hydrolysis. Feedback systems can be regulated by bioerosion and bioresponses to biochemical factors. The document provides examples of implantable systems and discusses how drug and system properties influence release kinetics.
coacervation-phase separation technique in micro encapsulation Tejaswini Naredla
This document discusses the coacervation-phase separation technique for microencapsulation. It begins by introducing microencapsulation and listing several techniques. It then describes coacervation-phase separation in more detail, explaining that it involves separating a solution into three immiscible phases to deposit a coating material onto a core material. The document outlines the three main steps of this process: forming the three phases, depositing the coating material, and rigidizing the coating. It provides examples of techniques used in coacervation-phase separation like temperature change, incompatible polymer addition, and salt addition. In conclusion, it states this technique is used to sustain drug release and stabilize oxidation among other purposes.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system Mali vv pptVidhyaMali1
This document discusses mucoadhesive drug delivery systems (MDDS). It begins by defining MDDS as systems that use the bioadhesive properties of certain polymers to target and prolong the release of drugs at mucous membranes. It then covers the basics of mucous membranes and their structure, composition, and functions. The document discusses the need for MDDS to enhance drug absorption, prolong drug residence time, and target drug delivery. It also outlines the advantages and disadvantages of MDDS, various routes of administration, mechanisms of mucoadhesion, theories of mucoadhesion, mucoadhesive polymers, and methods of evaluating MDDS. In the end, it provides some applications of MDDS such as vaccine delivery, cancer
Gastroretentive drug delivery system by mali vvVidhyaMali1
This document provides an overview of gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS). It defines GRDDS as a drug delivery system that can retain a dosage form in the stomach for an extended period of time to slowly release medication. The document discusses the anatomy of the stomach and factors controlling gastric retention. It also outlines several approaches for GRDDS, including floating drug delivery systems, bioadhesive/mucoadhesive systems, and expandable/swellable systems. The advantages and applications of GRDDS are noted.
Intrauterine & Intravaginal Drug Delivery SystemPRASHANT DEORE
This document discusses intrauterine and intravaginal drug delivery systems. It begins with an introduction and overview of anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system. It then describes various types of intravaginal drug delivery systems including suppositories, bioadhesive semisolids, elastomeric rings, and solid polymeric carriers. Factors affecting vaginal drug absorption are also discussed. The document concludes by describing intrauterine drug delivery systems including non-hormonal and hormonal IUDs, and discussing advantages and disadvantages of both intravaginal and intrauterine systems.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation including definitions, advantages, disadvantages, formulation considerations, release mechanisms, and techniques. Microencapsulation is defined as coating small particles or droplets of a core material with a shell or coat to form microcapsules or microspheres ranging from 1-1000 μm. It can improve drug delivery by altering release rates and targeting sites of action. Common techniques include pan coating, spray drying, spray chilling, coacervation, and ionotropic gelation.
Micro-encapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within microscopic particles coated with thin walls. It allows for controlled release of substances like drugs. Various methods are used including air suspension, coacervation, and spray drying. Coacervation involves separating a coating material from solution to form liquid droplets that coat core materials. This process protects substances and allows targeted, timed delivery for applications like pharmaceuticals.
Gastro retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS)Shweta Nehate
This document discusses gastro-retentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), which aim to prolong the gastric residence time of drugs and target drug release in the upper gastrointestinal tract. It describes the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and potential drug candidates for GRDDS. Various approaches for GRDDS are covered, including floating, high density, bioadhesive, swelling, and superporous hydrogel systems. Evaluation parameters, applications, marketed formulations, and conclusions about GRDDS are also summarized.
Video Lecture is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXu_CLgB4q0
Introduction, terminology/definitions and rationale, advantages, disadvantages, selection of drug candidates. Approaches to design-controlled release formulations based on diffusion, dissolution and ion exchange principles. Physicochemical and
biological properties of drugs relevant to controlled release formulations.
This presentation discusses implantable drug delivery systems. It begins by defining implants as solid masses of purified drug intended for implantation via minor surgery or large bore needle to provide continuous drug release over long periods. Implants are well-suited for drugs like insulin, steroids, antibiotics, and analgesics. The presentation covers advantages like controlled delivery, improved compliance and stability. It also discusses types of implant systems including rate-programmed, activation-modulated, and feedback-regulated devices. Various mechanisms for controlling drug release like diffusion, hydration and enzymatic reactions are described. The conclusion emphasizes implants can provide targeted delivery without limitations of other administration methods.
“It is define has an substance or Pharmaceutical material is encapsulated over the surface of solid, droplet of liquid and dispersion of medium is known has Microencapsulation”
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System or GRDDSAkshayPatane
Approaches Of Gastro-Retentive Drug Delivery System
Includes:
Floating and Non-Floating drug delivery system with their subtypes
Like Non-effervescent system, Effervescent system, Raft forming system,
High Density system, Expandable system, Muco-adhesive system,
Super porous hydrogel system and Magnetic Systems, etc.
This document provides an overview of gastric retention drug delivery systems (GRDDS). It discusses the need for and advantages of GRDDS. The key approaches covered for achieving gastric retention include floating drug delivery systems, mucoadhesive systems, swellable systems, and high density systems. The document reviews gastrointestinal physiology and factors affecting gastric emptying. It also evaluates different GRDDS approaches and provides examples of commercial gastroretentive formulations. In conclusion, the document states that GRDDS are preferable for delivering drugs that need to be released in the gastric region.
Factors affecting design of Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems (write-up)Suraj Choudhary
This document discusses factors affecting the design of controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS). It outlines several key considerations including selection of the drug candidate based on properties like solubility and half-life. It also discusses medical rationales like dosing frequency and patient compliance. Biological factors that influence absorption, distribution, and elimination are examined. Physicochemical properties of the drug like solubility, molecular size, and ionization must also be considered. The document provides an in-depth overview of factors involved in developing an effective CRDDS formulation.
Microencapsulation is a process of coating solid or liquid active ingredients within inert polymeric materials to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. There are various techniques for microencapsulation including air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release profiles, improve patient compliance, produce targeted drug delivery, and mask unpleasant tastes. Evaluation of the microcapsules involves determining yield percentage, particle size analysis, encapsulation efficiency, drug content, and drug release studies.
Microencapsulation is the process of coating solid or liquid materials in a polymeric film. It has advantages like sustained drug release, masking taste/odor, and protecting unstable drugs. Common coating materials are water soluble/insoluble resins, waxes, and lipids. Microencapsulation techniques include air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and polymerization. The drug release kinetics depend on factors like coating thickness, porosity and permeability. Microcapsules are evaluated for characteristics, morphology, viscosity, density and in vitro drug release.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation including its advantages, applications, materials used, techniques, kinetics, and evaluation. Microencapsulation coats small particles or droplets of active ingredients with polymeric films. It has benefits like sustained drug release, masking tastes/odors, and stabilizing compounds. Common coating materials are water soluble/insoluble resins, waxes, and lipids. Major techniques include coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, and solvent evaporation. Drug release occurs via diffusion, dissolution, osmosis, or erosion. Microcapsules are evaluated based on characterization, morphology, kinetics and in vitro drug release.
This document provides an overview of microencapsulation. It defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles using thin coatings. Reasons for microencapsulation include controlled release of drugs or masking tastes/odors. Key considerations are the core and coating materials and their stability/release characteristics. Common methods include coacervation, pan coating, spray drying, and solvent evaporation. Microencapsulation has applications in pharmaceuticals, food, and other industries.
microencapsulation is the part of an pharmaceutics, in that the method of preperation is giving. and all related thing about microencapsulation is given.
thanks you.
Microencapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within thin coatings to give small capsules or spheres known as microcapsules or microspheres. It can be used to mask tastes or odors, protect active ingredients from the environment, or allow for controlled release of substances. Several methods are used for microencapsulation including spray drying, pan coating, fluidized bed coating, coacervation, and solvent evaporation. The choice of coating material and method used depends on the properties desired for the encapsulated substance and its intended application.
Ndds 4 MICROENCAPSULATION DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMshashankc10
This document discusses microencapsulation, which involves coating solid, liquid, or gas core materials in microscopic capsules. It defines microencapsulation and describes the core and coating materials. Common microencapsulation techniques include air suspension, coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and emulsion methods. The techniques produce microparticles or microcapsules ranging from 1-1000 microns. Microencapsulation offers benefits like masking tastes, sustaining drug release, and protecting unstable core materials.
MICROENCAPSULATION (Definition, advantages and disadvantage, microspheres or ...AshwiniRaikar1
Microencapsulation involves enclosing solids, liquids, or gases within a continuous coating of polymeric materials to form microscopic particles. It can be used to control the release of active agents and provide environmental protection. There are two main types of microparticles: microcapsules, where the core is completely surrounded by a polymer shell, and microspheres, where the active agent is homogenously dispersed. Common encapsulation methods include fluidized bed coating, pan coating, coacervation, spray drying, and solvent evaporation. Microencapsulation has applications in sustained/controlled drug release, masking tastes, and protecting volatile substances.
This document discusses microencapsulation in pharmacy. It defines microencapsulation as enclosing solids, liquids, or gases in microscopic particles by forming thin coatings around them. Reasons for microencapsulation include isolation, controlled release, and masking tastes/odors. Key considerations in microencapsulation are the core and coating materials, as well as the encapsulation method used. Common methods described are coacervation, spray drying, pan coating, solvent evaporation, and extrusion. The document outlines various polymers, core materials, and mechanisms that can be used for microencapsulation and controlled drug delivery.
Microencapsulation involves coating solid, liquid, or gaseous active ingredients within thin polymeric coatings to produce microcapsules 1-1000 microns in size. It offers several advantages including protecting active ingredients, controlling release rates, and masking tastes/odors. Common techniques include solvent evaporation, pan coating, spray drying, and polymerization. Coacervation involves separating a hydrocolloid coating from solution and depositing it around active ingredient droplets. Microencapsulation has applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and other industries by improving product shelf life, stability and delivery properties.
Microencapsulation is a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules, of many useful properties. In general, it is used to incorporate food ingredients, enzymes, cells or other materials on a micro metric scale.
The document discusses microencapsulation and microcapsules. It defines microencapsulation as the process of coating solid or liquid core materials on a very small scale, usually 1-1000 microns in size. The core materials can be drugs, flavors, or fragrances. The coating materials are typically polymers that act as shells to provide controlled release or stabilization. Several microencapsulation methods are described in detail, including pan coating, solvent evaporation, phase separation, spray drying, and polymerization. The mechanisms of drug release from microcapsules and some applications of microencapsulation technology are also summarized.
Microcapsules: types, preparation and evaluationMOHAMMAD ASIM
This document discusses microcapsules, including their definition, reasons for microencapsulation, types of microcapsules, formulation considerations, preparation techniques, evaluation methods, and applications in pharmacy. Microencapsulation involves enclosing a substance inside a miniature capsule and can be used to increase stability, control release rates, mask tastes/odors, and more. Common preparation techniques include solvent evaporation, spray drying, pan coating, and coacervation. Microcapsules find applications such as taste masking, sustained release, separating incompatibilities, and more in the pharmaceutical industry.
Microencapsulation is a process where core materials are surrounded by a coating to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in size. There are various techniques to produce microcapsules including air suspension, solvent evaporation, spray drying, pan coating, and polymerization. Microencapsulation can be used to increase bioavailability, alter drug release profiles, improve patient compliance, produce targeted drug delivery, and protect core materials. Some example applications are improving stability, reducing volatility, avoiding incompatibilities, and masking tastes.
Microencapsulation is a process that coats solid or liquid active ingredients with polymers to form microparticles or microcapsules between 3-800μm in diameter. It can be used to increase bioavailability, control drug release, improve compliance, and enable targeted delivery. Common techniques include spray drying, pan coating, polymerization, and emulsion methods. Microcapsules have a core surrounded by a coating, while microspheres have the active ingredient dispersed throughout the polymer. Microencapsulation offers benefits like controlled release, taste masking, and protecting unstable ingredients.
The document discusses different methods of microencapsulation including air suspension, coacervation, multiorifice centrifugal process, spray drying, and pan coating. It provides details on the working mechanisms and variables that affect each process. Microencapsulation can be used to encapsulate solids, liquids, or gases to properties such as shelf life, taste, and controlled release profiles.
The document provides information on microencapsulation. It discusses the core and coating materials used, advantages and disadvantages of microencapsulation, and various methods for microencapsulation preparation including air suspension, coacervation, multi-orifice centrifugal process, and solvent evaporation techniques. The fundamental considerations for microencapsulation and evaluation of microcapsules are also covered.
This document discusses microcapsules and microspheres, including their types, sizes, materials used, and preparation methods. Microcapsules contain an active agent surrounded by a polymeric shell, while microspheres are small spherical particles made of polymers, glass, or ceramics between 1-1000 microns in diameter. Common preparation methods include emulsion polymerization, interfacial polycondensation, suspension crosslinking, solvent evaporation/extraction, and coacervation/phase separation.
This presentation includes information related to the different technologies used for preparation of micro-capsules and also their evaluation parameters.
Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by amide bonds. They serve nutritional and structural functions. Amino acids contain ionizable groups that exist as zwitterions at neutral pH. The three levels of protein structure are primary, secondary, and tertiary/quaternary. Primary structure is the amino acid sequence. Secondary structure includes alpha helices and beta sheets formed by hydrogen bonding. Tertiary/quaternary structure is the final 3D structure formed by interactions between R groups. Common methods to analyze proteins include Kjeldahl for nitrogen content, dye binding assays, Biuret reaction, and UV/fluorescence spectroscopy.
The document discusses osmotic drug delivery systems (ODDS). It begins by defining osmosis and describing how osmotic pressure drives the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane. It then discusses the advantages of ODDS such as zero-order delivery kinetics and independence from gastric pH. The document classifies several types of ODDS including elementary osmotic pumps, controlled porosity pumps, and push-pull pumps. It also describes components like the semi-permeable membrane and osmotic agents. In vitro evaluation methods and factors affecting ODDS performance are briefly covered.
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2. INTRODUCTION TO
MICROENCAPSULATION
2
▶ Microencapsulation is defined as the application of a
thin polymeric coating to individual core materials (tiny
particles or droplets of liquids and dispersions) that
have an particle size range from 1-1000 μm to give small
capsules with many useful properties.
▶ Generally, capsules can be classified according to their
size: macrocapsules (>1,000 µm), microcapsules (1 to
1,000 µm),and nanocapsules(<1 µm).
3. INTRODUCTION TO
MICROENCAPSULATION
3
▶ Microspheres: micrometric matrix systems.
▶ Microencapsulation is a process by which very tiny
droplets or particles of liquid or solid material are
surrounded or coated with a continuous film of polymeric
material.
▶ Microencapsulated products (microparticles or
microcapsules) are small entities that have an active
agent known as the core material surrounded by a shell
known as the coating material or embedded in a matrix
structure.
▶ Microcapsules: micrometric reservoir systems
4. .
Drug Core
Polymer Coat
= Polymer Matrix
} = Entrapped Drug
MICROCAPSULES MICROSPHERES
•According to some authors, microspheres are essentially spherical
in shape, whereas, microcapsules may be spherical or non-spherical
in shape.
•Also, some authors classify microparticles, either microcapsules
or microspheres, as the same: ‘microcapsules’.
5. INTRODUCTION TO
MICROENCAPSULATION
▶ In terms of their shape and construction, capsules can be divided
into two groups: microcapsules and microspheres. Microcapsules
are particles consisting of an inner core, substantially central,
containing the active substance, which is covered with a polymer
layer constituting the capsule membrane.
▶ However, microspheres are matrix systems in which the core is
uniformly dispersed and/or dissolved in a polymer network.
5
6. COMPOSITION OF
MICROCAPSULE
▶ Core Materials: The ingredients to be coated are referred to as
the core, internal phase (IP), encapsulate, or fill, whereas
terms applied to the coating of the microcapsules include the
wall, shell, external phase or membrane.
▶ All three states i.e., solid, liquid, and gases, may be
encapsulated and affect the size and shape of the capsules.
▶ If core material is a solid or a crystalline material, the
resultant capsule may be irregularly shaped. However, if the
core material is a liquid, the resultant capsule may be
spherical, containing a single droplet of encapsulate. 6
7. COMPOSITION OF
MICROCAPSULE
▶ Coating Materials/Wall Materials/Polymer: The correct choice
of the wall material/polymer is very important because it
influences the encapsulation efficiency and stability of the
microcapsule.
▶ The polymer should be capable of forming a film that is
cohesive with the core material.
▶ It should be chemically compatible, non-reactive with the core
material, and provide the desired coating properties such as
strength, flexibility, impermeability, optical properties, and
stability. 7
8. COMPOSITION OF
MICROCAPSULE
▶ Generally, hydrophilic polymers, hydrophobic polymers, or a
combination of both are used for the microencapsulation
process.
▶ A number of coating materials have been used successfully;
examples of these include gelatin, polyvinyl
ethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, and
alcohol,
styrene-
maleic anhydride.
▶ The film thickness can be varied considerably depending on
the surface area of the material to be coated and other
physical characteristics of the system. 8
10. ADVANTAGES/ APPLICATIONS
OF MICROENCAPSULATION
the incompatibility between drugs.
▶ The main advantage of microencapsulation is to attain the
sustained or prolonged release of the drug.
▶ This technique has been widely used for masking the taste and
odor of many drugs to improve patient compliance.
▶ This technique can be used for converting liquid drugs into a
free-flowing powder.
▶ The drugs which are sensitive to moisture light and oxygen can
be protected by microencapsulation.
▶ The microencapsulation technique is also helpful to prevent
10
11. ADVANTAGES OF
MICROENCAPSULATION
11
▶ The drugs, which are volatile in nature and vaporize at room
temperature, can be prevented by microencapsulation.
▶ Microencapsulation of drugs helps to reduce toxicity and GI
irritation.
▶ Microencapsulation can be done to change the site of
absorption. This application has been useful for those drugs
which have toxicity at lower pH.
▶ Microencapsulation of vitamin A palmitate provides enhanced
stability by preventing it from oxidation.
12. DISADVANTAGES OF
MICROENCAPSULATION
12
▶ It is very difficult to achieve a continuous and uniform film.
▶ There may be a possibility of cross-reaction between core and
coating material.
▶ The Shelf life of hygroscopic drugs is may get reduced by
microencapsulation.
▶ The microencapsulation technique leads to more production
costs.
▶ The microencapsulation technique requires more skill and
knowledge.
13. METHODS OF
MICROENCAPSULATION
13
▶ Polymerization process
▶ Physical Methods
▶ Air-suspension method
▶ Coacervation method
▶ Centrifugal extrusion method
▶ Pan coating method
▶ Sprays drying - Spray congealing method
▶ Single emulsion method
▶ Chemical Methods
▶ Solvent Evaporation method
14. Air suspension method
▶ Principle: A basic principle of
the method is spray coating the
air suspended particles with a
coating material.
▶ Construction: The apparatus
consists of a coating chamber, in
which particles are suspended
on an upward-moving air stream
(heated or not) as indicated in
the figure. The inner design of
the chamber ensures the
14
circulating flow of particles.
15. Air suspension method
▶ Working: At the base of the
the pneumatic or
nozzle has been
chamber
,
hydraulic
placed, which sprays the
coating material (i.e. polymer).
When particles pass through the
coating area, it gains more and
more coating material, thus by
controlling
movement of
the circulating
a particle, the
desired coating thickness can be
achieved. The upward stream
can also be used to dry the
15
particles by making it hot.
16. Air suspension method
16
Factors that can affect the encapsulation process and the
thickness of the coating.
▶ Properties of core material (i.e. particle): Density, surface
area, melting point, solubility, flowability
▶ Properties of coating material: Concentration, melting
point (if not a solution), amount of coating material
▶ Process Variables: Coating material application rate, the
volume of air, the inlet temperature of the air.
17. Air suspension method
17
Advantages of Air Suspension Method:
▶ Low-cost process
▶ It allows specific capsule
porosities into the product
size distribution and low
Disadvantages of Air Suspension Method:
▶ Degradation of highly temperature-sensitive compounds
18. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
formation of a coacervate phase via anion–cation interactions.
▶ Coacervation is the macromolecular aggregation process brought
about by partial desolvation of fully solvated macromolecules.
▶ Simple coacervation processes: It includes a simple coacervation
process in which microencapsulation is carried out by using
water as the solvent phase and a water-soluble polymer as the
coating material. Coacervation is induced by the addition of a
soluble salt or alcohol, change in temperature, or change in pH.
▶ Complex coacervation: In this method, an oppositely charged
polymer is added to the polymer solution leading to the
18
19. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
that
The coacervation process contains three main steps
should be carried out under continuous agitation.
Step 1: Formation of three immiscible chemical phases
Step 2: Deposition of coating
Step 3: Rigidation of coating
19
20. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
20
Step 1: Formation of three immiscible chemical phases
1) Liquid manufacturing vehicle phase
2) Core material phase
3) Coating material phase.
The coating material solution is prepared using a liquid
manufacturing vehicle phase as a solvent, then core material is
dispersed in that solution.
21. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
Step 3: Rigidation of coating
It can be achieved by thermal, cross-linking, or non-solvent
addition techniques.
21
Step 2: Deposition of coating
It is achieved by controlled, physical mixing of coating material
(in liquid state) and core material in the liquid manufacturing
vehicle. The coating material adsorbs on the surface of the
core material.
22. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
Step 3: Rigidation of coating
It can be achieved by thermal, cross-linking, or non-solvent
addition techniques.
22
Step 2: Deposition of coating
It is achieved by controlled, physical mixing of coating material
(in liquid state) and core material in the liquid manufacturing
vehicle. The coating material adsorbs on the surface of the
core material.
23. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
▶ Thermal change: When the temperature of the mixture is
reduced at a definite rate, the coating material phase from the
deposited coating around the core material loses solvent (i.e.
liquid manufacturing vehicle phase) and hence rigidization or
solidification of coating material around microcapsule occurs.
▶ Non-solvent addition: A liquid that is non-solvent for the given
coating polymer can be added to the polymer solution to induce
phase separation. The resulting immiscible liquid coating
polymer can be utilized to form a coat around the core
material. The microencapsulated particles can be centrifuged
and separated from the vehicle phase.
▶ Cross-linking (Polymer addition): When any other polymer
having a solubility in the Liquid manufacturing vehicle phase is
added to the mixture, the polymer that has more strongly
adsorbed to the surface to the core material (normally earlier
selected coating material phase) becomes the coating
23 material
and solidifies.
24. Coacervation Method
(Coacervation – Phase Separation)
Advantages of Coacervation method:
can be used to encapsulate heat-sensitive
as the procedure is carried out at room
▶ Coacervation
ingredients
temperature.
Disadvantages of Coacervation method:
▶ Toxic chemical agents are used
▶ The complex coacervates are highly unstable
▶ There are residual solvents and coacervating agents on the
capsules surfaces
▶ Spheres obtained by the technique are of a low size range
▶ An expensive and complex method 24
25. Centrifugal extrusion method
When the two-liquid column emerges
from the nozzle, it spontaneously breaks
up into a stream of small droplets with
liquid cores surrounded by liquid coats.
coating or shell material gets solidify
Formation of Microcapsule
25
Centrifugal extrusion process requires two immiscible liquids that are
pumped into a spinning two-fluid nozzle.
The core liquid is fed into the center
fluid channel and the coating or shell
liquid is fed into the peripheral fluid
channel.
26. Centrifugal extrusion method
26
▶ The coating or shell material can solidify by various means.
▶ If coating material is a melt it can be rapidly cooled as the
droplets fall away from the nozzle.
▶ If the coating material is formed in a solution form the solvent
can be evaporated by applying heat and forming a solid coat.
▶ Alternatively, the droplets may fall into a gelling bath where
the aqueous shell is converted to a gel-like capsule. The
method of solidification depends on the properties of the
polymer used as shell material.
27. Centrifugal extrusion method
27
Advantages of Centrifugal extrusion method:
▶ The material is totally surrounded by the wall material
▶ Any residual core is washed from the outside
▶ It is a relatively low-temperature entrapping method
Disadvantages of Centrifugal extrusion method:
▶ The capsule must be separated from the liquid bath and dried;
▶ It is difficult to obtain capsules in extremely viscous carrier
material melts
28. Pan Coating Method
▶ The particles are tumbled in a pan or other device while
the coating material is applied slowly.
28
29. Pan Coating Method
29
The particles are tumbled in
a pan (solid particles greater
than 600 microns in size)
The coating is applied as a
solution or as an atomized
spray to the desired solid core
material in the coating pan.
Warm air is passed over the
coated materials to remove
the coating solvent
30. SPRAYS DRYING - SPRAY
CONGEALING METHOD
30
Spray drying and spray congealing processes are similar in that
both involve dispersion of the core material in a liquefied
coating substance and spraying or introducing the core-coating
mixture into some environmental condition, whereby,
relatively rapid solidification and formation of the coating is
affected.
31. SPRAYS DRYING - SPRAY
CONGEALING METHOD
31
Spray drying (Spray – aqueous solution, Hot air)
and spray congealing (Spray – Hot melt, Cold air)
32. SPRAYS DRYING - SPRAY
CONGEALING METHOD
32
▶ The principal difference between the two methods is the
means by which coating solidification is accomplished.
▶ Coating solidification in the case of spray drying is effected by
rapid evaporation of a solvent in which the coating material is
dissolved.
▶ While in spray congealing (cooling) coating solidification is
accomplished by thermally congealing a molten coating
material or by solidifying a dissolved coating by introducing
the coating - core material mixture into a non-solvent.
33. SPRAYS DRYING - SPRAY
CONGEALING METHOD
33
Advantages of Spray drying method:
▶ Low process cost
▶ Wide choice of coating material
▶ Good encapsulation efficiency
▶ Good stability of the finished product
▶ Possibility of large-scale production in continuous mode
Disadvantages of Spray drying method:
▶ It can degrade highly temperature-sensitive compounds
▶ Control of the particle size is difficult
▶ Yields for small batches are moderate
34. SPRAYS DRYING - SPRAY
CONGEALING METHOD
34
Advantages of Spray congealing method:
▶ Temperature-sensitive compounds can be encapsulated
Disadvantages of Spray congealing method:
▶ Control of the particle size is difficult
▶ Yields for small batches are moderate
▶ Special handling and storage conditions can be required
35. Single Emulsion Method
resulting in the formation of compact micro particles.35
The solvent in the emulsion is removed by either evaporation
at elevated temperatures
The polymer is dissolved in a water-immiscible, volatile
organic solvent such as dichloromethane and
the drug is dissolved or suspended in the polymer solution.
The resulting mixture is emulsified in a large volume of water
in the presence of an emulsifier.
36. Single Emulsion method
Advantages of Single Emulsion method:
▶ Polar, non-polar (apolar), and amphiphilic can be incorporated
▶ Emulsions can either be used directly in their “wet” state
Disadvantages of Single Emulsion method:
▶ Instable when exposed to environmental stresses, such as
heating, drying, etc
▶ A limited number of emulsifiers that can be used
Applications Single Emulsion method
▶ This method has been primarily used to encapsulate
hydrophobic drugs through the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsification
process.
▶ In an attempt to encapsulate hydrophilic drugs (e.g. Peptides
and proteins), an oil-in-oil (o/o) emulsification method 3
i6
s used.
37. Solvent Evaporation Method
The mixture is heated (if necessary) to evaporate the solvent of the
polymer
Once all the solvent of the polymer is evaporated, the liquid vehicle
temperature is reduced to ambient temperature (if required) with
continued agitation
if the core material is dispersed in the polymer solution, polymer shrinks
around the core and if the core material is dissolved in the coa37ting polymer
solution, a matrix - type microcapsule is formed.
A core material is dissolved or dispersed in the coating polymer solution.
The coating material is dissolved in a volatile solvent, which is immiscible
with the liquid manufacturing vehicle phase and
39. Polymerization Process
39
In situ polymerization:
the direct
out on the
▶ In certain microencapsulation processes,
polymerization of a single monomer is carried
particle surface
▶ e.g. Cellulose fibers are encapsulated in polyethylene while
immersed in dry toluene.
▶ The usual deposition rate is about 0.5μm/min.
▶ Coating thickness ranges from 0.2 to 75μm.
▶ The coating is uniform, even over sharp projections.
40. Polymerization Process
40
Interfacial polymerization:
interface and
two reactants in a
react
▶ In interfacial polymerization, the
polycondensation process meet at an
rapidly.
▶ Under proper conditions, thin flexible walls form rapidly at the
interface.
▶ Condensed polymer walls form instantaneously at the interface
of the emulsion droplets.
41. Polymerization Process
41
phase.
Matrix polymerization:
▶ In the number of processes a core material is embedded in a
polymeric matrix during the formation of the particles.
▶ A simple example of this type is spray-drying, in which the
particle is formed by evaporation of the solvent from the matrix
material.
▶ However, the solidification of the matrix can also be done by a
chemical change.
▶ Using this phenomenon prepares microcapsules containing
protein by incorporating the protein in the aqueous diamine
42. Polymerization Process
42
Advantages of polymerization process:
▶ Micro-nanocapsules with narrow size distribution can be
obtained
Disadvantages of polymerization process :
▶ Difficult control of the capsule formation (polymerization)