Successful aging
Conceptualizing aging
Theoretical perspectives on successful aging
Essentials for successful aging
Study of adult development
Case study
Life story of a happy well
The executive function (EF) system located in the prefrontal cortex provides top-down bias signals to other brain structures to guide the flow of activity along neural pathways. The four categories of the executive control system are cognitive flexibility, attentional control, goal setting, and information processing. The EF construct is composed of multiple inter-related high functioning cognitive skill such as formulating goals, planning, and carrying out planned goals. The key elements of the EF system including initiation of activity, working memory, attention, mental flexibility, self-regulation, and monitoring of performance. Nonverbal disabilities such as visuospatial and visuomotor deficits are on the same continuum with attention and EF disorders. In adults, the most active cortical area while performing tasks requiring attention for cognition are the left premotor and supplementary motor areas (BA 6).
The frontal lobe is functional during both fluid intelligence and executive function activities. The left thalamus is activated by verbal working memory tasks which is also controlled by the EF system. The dorsolateral prefrontal (Guenon BA 9), Broca’s area BA 45 and BA 46, angular cingulate, and the left thalamus are components of the EF system’s verbal working memory model. Fluid intelligence encompasses problem solving, pattern recognition, abstract thinking, reasoning skills, and ability to draw inferences and understand relationships. Fluid intelligence is also influenced by the EF system. There is a relationship between fluid intelligence and executive functions. Frontal lobe deficits are entirely explained by fluid intelligence (g) when using some classical executive tasks such as verbal fluency, Trail Making Test B, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, multitasking, decision making, and social deficits are EF tasks that exceed those predicted by fluid intelligence loss.
Successful aging
Conceptualizing aging
Theoretical perspectives on successful aging
Essentials for successful aging
Study of adult development
Case study
Life story of a happy well
The executive function (EF) system located in the prefrontal cortex provides top-down bias signals to other brain structures to guide the flow of activity along neural pathways. The four categories of the executive control system are cognitive flexibility, attentional control, goal setting, and information processing. The EF construct is composed of multiple inter-related high functioning cognitive skill such as formulating goals, planning, and carrying out planned goals. The key elements of the EF system including initiation of activity, working memory, attention, mental flexibility, self-regulation, and monitoring of performance. Nonverbal disabilities such as visuospatial and visuomotor deficits are on the same continuum with attention and EF disorders. In adults, the most active cortical area while performing tasks requiring attention for cognition are the left premotor and supplementary motor areas (BA 6).
The frontal lobe is functional during both fluid intelligence and executive function activities. The left thalamus is activated by verbal working memory tasks which is also controlled by the EF system. The dorsolateral prefrontal (Guenon BA 9), Broca’s area BA 45 and BA 46, angular cingulate, and the left thalamus are components of the EF system’s verbal working memory model. Fluid intelligence encompasses problem solving, pattern recognition, abstract thinking, reasoning skills, and ability to draw inferences and understand relationships. Fluid intelligence is also influenced by the EF system. There is a relationship between fluid intelligence and executive functions. Frontal lobe deficits are entirely explained by fluid intelligence (g) when using some classical executive tasks such as verbal fluency, Trail Making Test B, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. However, multitasking, decision making, and social deficits are EF tasks that exceed those predicted by fluid intelligence loss.
Aging is associated with cognitive decline, and older subjects can have demonstrable cognitive impairment without crossing the threshold for dementia.
This condition has been termed “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI), and these patients have an increased risk of developing dementia, especially Alzheimer disease (AD).
Studies conducted in referral clinics have shown that patients with MCI progress to AD at a rate of 10% to 15% per year, and 80% of these patients have converted to AD after approximately 6 years of follow-up.
The identification and classification of MCI can be a major challenge.
This was a presentation for my Psychology of Digital Media class explaining the theory of Spontaneous Recovery, while providing an example of a website that the theory relates to.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Mental retardation is refer to significant sub average general intellectual functioning which develop during the developmental period and cause impairment in adaptive behavior.
Aging is associated with cognitive decline, and older subjects can have demonstrable cognitive impairment without crossing the threshold for dementia.
This condition has been termed “mild cognitive impairment” (MCI), and these patients have an increased risk of developing dementia, especially Alzheimer disease (AD).
Studies conducted in referral clinics have shown that patients with MCI progress to AD at a rate of 10% to 15% per year, and 80% of these patients have converted to AD after approximately 6 years of follow-up.
The identification and classification of MCI can be a major challenge.
This was a presentation for my Psychology of Digital Media class explaining the theory of Spontaneous Recovery, while providing an example of a website that the theory relates to.
Classificatory systems - Advantages & DisadvantagesHemangi Narvekar
Classification of Diseases/Disorders are important to improve treatment and prevention efforts. Two important classification system used in the field of Mental Disorders are DSM -V and ICD -10. Here we will discuss Strengths and Weaknesses of both.
Mental retardation is refer to significant sub average general intellectual functioning which develop during the developmental period and cause impairment in adaptive behavior.
Cognitive changes have been a defining feature of Sz since onset. A lot of research has been done in understanding these changes and its implication in developing novel methods of treatments. This ppt summarises the cognitive changes occurring in the brain.
This is a very basic presentation for anyone who would like to have more information about schizophrenia. This was intended for the third year medical students. The criteria described are based on fourth edition of the DSM ( DSMIV). All these demarcations (types of) schizophrenia will be scrapped by the DSM V (this is the proposal as of now). But this could serve a historical puspose if seen after 2013.
This a project for a high school AP Psychology course. This is a fictionalized account of having a psychological ailment. For questions about this blog project or its content please email the teacher Chris Jocham: jocham@fultonschools.org
A comprehensive slide on topic: schizophrenia. Compiled based on Newcastle University and NUMed Stage 5 learning outcomes in Mental Health module. Suitable for medical students and housemen who wish to revisit the topic. (Disclaimer: The diagnostic criteria ae based on ICD-10, so please check the latest version)
Timo Honkela: Linking Cognitive Systems, Digital Humanities and Brain Cancer ...Timo Honkela
Neuroscience seminar series, Host Prof. Eero Castrén
University of Helsinki, 18 Sep 2015
Abstract
Cognitive systems research in modern artificial intelligence in which statistical machine learning and neural network methods are applied on big data to model complex cognitive phenomena. Often the term socio-cognitive systems is used to emphasize the distributed intelligence point of view in the computational modeling. Digital humanities is an active research area in which topics in humanities and social sciences are studied with the help of methods and tools of computer science. The range of potential topics is vast from the study of historical language to social media discussions, from social network analysis to automatic extraction of topics in peer support groups. In this presentation, methods and research results in cognitive systems and digital humanities are discussed. In addition, personal experiences on brain cancer are viewed with the theoretical background provided by the reseacher in cognitive systems, machine learning and digital humanities. Some ideas on potential future directions for research in medicine and healthcase are also given.
Slides from my thesis defense. I discuss why we need more databases in neuroscience and talk about neuroelectro.org, a resource I've built on neuron types and their properties. I also talk about integrating neuron physiology information with gene expression information
May 2008 Thesis Presentation - Cognitive NeuroscienceKumar Vasudevan
This is my final presentation for my cognitive neuroscience honors thesis. I studied aging, stem cell activity, and cognitive performance in a rat model of Alzheimer\'s disease.
The presentation focuses on psychopaths- who are they, their traits, brain abnormalities, genetic basis, electrophysiological deficits, socialization function by brain
Florida Mediator Helps You to Understand Your Client's Brain UWWM
What wacky, weird and mostly wonderful things are happening inside your client's brain during mediation? Longtime mediator Michelle Jernigan helps litigators to make sense of it all so they can better support and guide their clients.
Seven Perspectives of Psychology – Terms ChecklistPsychodynami.docxklinda1
Seven Perspectives of Psychology – Terms Checklist
Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic
The psychodynamic approach was promoted by Sigmund Freud, who believed that many of our impulses are driven by sex. Freud, who was medically trained in neurology, developed a theory of personality that made the assumption that human motivation was propelled by conflicts between instinctual, mostly unconscious, psychological forces. He called these intrapsychic elements the id, ego and superego.
This psychodynamic theory caught on like wild fire and due to its explanatory power for human behavior, became very popular over the following century. Freud's therapeutic method, called psychoanalysis, was developed to identify the underlying conflicts between intrapsychic structures and resolve them by bringing them to consciousness. Insight therapy was one term used to describe Freud's treatment approach. Freud also contributed the first developmental theory of human personality. It suggests that human development progresses through psychosexual stages. Each stage is characterized by specific behavioral and psychodynamic developments and challenges.
Although Freud thought of himself as a scientist, and he was indeed very thorough in recording his methods and outcomes, he did not practice scientific methods. Psychoanalytic theory was developed through case study analysis, a qualitative, not scientific, method.
There are a lot of jokes about Freud and his now mostly outdated theories. But have you ever thought that something about who you are today comes from your experiences as a child? Say, you blame your smoking habit on an oral fixation that stems from being weaned from breastfeeding too early as a baby. Well, that also comes from Freud's theories, and it was an idea that revolutionized how we see ourselves.
Psychologists in this school of thought believe that unconscious drives and experiences from early childhood are at the root of your behaviors and that conflict arises when societal restrictions are placed on these urges.
Other psychodynamic theories arose, like those of Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, Margaret Mahler, and famous developmentalists like Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson, but all made the same basic assumption: There is a dynamic mind, conscious and unconscious, that influences the behavior of humans. Elements of the unconscious psyche interact to produce motives for behavior and thought processes.
Describe how the following concepts are linked to your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in your life event:
· The Unconscious – Id, Ego, Superego
· Stages of Psychosexual development – Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital
Oedipus complex, Electra complex, identification, fixation
· Dreams – manifest and latent content
· Defense Mechanisms – repression, regression, displacement, denial, sublimation, projection. rationalization, reaction formation
· Inferiority complex
· Collective unconscious
Behavioral
In an attempt to bring scientific metho.
An Introduction to emotions from a neuropsychological perspective.
Presentation for talk at CBCS, Allahabad
(C) Sumitava Mukherjee
[smukh@cognobytes.com/ smukh@cbcs.ac.in
URL : http://people.cognobytes.com/smukh]
The term psychology comes from the Greek roots psyche meaning soul or mind and logos meaning word or study
The term psychology comes from the Greek roots psyche meaning soul or mind and logos meaning word or study
NIMH i PSC Assays for the Drug Pipeline - Panchisionwef
Dr David Panchision's live presentation at the Schizophrenia Research Forum's live webinar of June 28, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/webinar-modeling-neuropsychiatric-disorders-using-vitro-models
Schizophrenia Research Forum Live Webinar - June 28, 2017 - Rusty Gage wef
Fred Gage's live presentation at the Schizophrenia Research Forum's live webinar of June 28, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/webinar-modeling-neuropsychiatric-disorders-using-vitro-models
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH FORUM - LIVE WEBINAR June 2017 Kristen Brennandwef
Kristen Brennand presentation at the live webinar of June 28, 2017 hosted by the Schizophrenia Research Forum (http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/webinar-modeling-neuropsychiatric-disorders-using-vitro-models)
STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNICATION AND SENSITIVITY FOR PERSONS EXPERIENCING DEMENTI...wef
Live presentation recorded June 21, 2017, featuring Ellen Phipps and Devin Bowers - review additional material at www.alzpossible.org/strategies-for-communication/
Translating from Animal Models to Human Schizophrenia - Insights into Pathoph...wef
Presentation made by Dr. Tony Grace at the Schizophrenia Research Forum's live webinar of May 4, 2017 - Dopamine in Schizophrenia—Cortical and Subcortical Pathophysiology - review recording of session at http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/dopamine-schizophrenia%E2%80%94cortical-and-subcortical-pathophysiology
Presentation made by Dr. Oliver Howes at the Schizophrenia Research Forum's live webinar of May 4, 2017 - Dopamine in Schizophrenia—Cortical and Subcortical Pathophysiology - review recording of session at http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/dopamine-schizophrenia%E2%80%94cortical-and-subcortical-pathophysiology
Topography and functional significance of the dopaminesgic dysfunction in sch...wef
Presentation made by Dr. Anissa Abi-Dargham at the Schizophrenia Research Forum's live webinar of May 4, 2017 - Dopamine in Schizophrenia—Cortical and Subcortical Pathophysiology - review recording of session at http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/dopamine-schizophrenia%E2%80%94cortical-and-subcortical-pathophysiology
SRF Webinar - What It Will Take to Make Coordinated Specialty Care Available ...wef
Presentation made March 22, 2017, during the live webinar hosted by Schizophrenia Research Forum (SRF). Event recording and additional slides at http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/achieving-effective-treatment-early-psychosis-united-states
SRF Webinar: Beyond DUP - Addressing Disengagement in Community-based Early I...wef
Presentation made March 22, 2017, during the live webinar hosted by Schizophrenia Research Forum (SRF). Event recording and additional slides at http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/achieving-effective-treatment-early-psychosis-united-states
Presentation made March 17, 2017 and hosted by AlzPossible - www.alzpossible.org.
Review recording at http://alzpossible.org/webinars-2/the-basics-memory-loss-dementia-and-alzheimers-disease/
Presentation made at the live webinar hosted by the Schizophrenia Research Forum on the 21st of February, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia-new-guidelines-diagnosis-and-terminology
Oliver Howes - Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: New Guidelines on Diagnosis...wef
Presentation made at the live webinar hosted by the Schizophrenia Research Forum on the 21st of February, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia-new-guidelines-diagnosis-and-terminology
John Kane - Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: New Guidelines on Diagnosis an...wef
Presentation made at the live webinar hosted by the Schizophrenia Research Forum on the 21st of February, 2017 - http://www.schizophreniaforum.org/forums/treatment-resistant-schizophrenia-new-guidelines-diagnosis-and-terminology
HEAR approach to behavior management Live webinar Feb 1 2017wef
Slides presented at the HEAR Approach to Behavior Management live webinar of February 1, 2017, featuring presentations from Dr. Andrew Heck and Carol Garby.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Michael Green - Social Cognition in Schizophrenia
1. Social Cognition and Social Neuroscience
in Schizophrenia
Michael F. Green
William P. Horan
Junghee Lee
• Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA
Geffen School of Medicine
• UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
• VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness, Research, Education and
Clinical Center (MIRECC)
• VA Research Enhancement Award Program (REAP) on
Enhancing Community Integration for Homeless Veterans
Schizophrenia Research
Forum
Webinar Feb 2016
2. Consultant
AbbVie, ACADIA, DSP, FORUM, Lundbeck,
Luc (scientific board), Takeda
Past and Current Research Support
Amgen, Forum
Officer in non-profit
MATRICS Assessment, Inc. – but receive no
financial compensation
Disclosures For M.F. Green
(2 years)
3. Outline
• Pulling things apart: Systems of the Social Brain
• Social cue perception
• Experience sharing
• Mentalizing
• Experience and regulation of emotion
• Pulling things together: Integration & Implications
• Which systems work and which don’t?
• Integrating systems: e.g., empathy
4. Organizing findings from social cognition and
social neuroscience in schizophrenia
• Work on social cognition in schizophrenia
has exploded
• > 200 cites in PubMed every year from
2011-2015.
• Work on social neuroscience in
schizophrenia is expanding
• Can only conduct an informative review in
last couple of years.
5. Organizing findings from social cognition and
social neuroscience in schizophrenia
What the review intended to do:
• Provide a framework to organize the
findings.
• Help to identify consistencies, failures to
replicate, or patterns across systems.
• Identify what is intact versus impaired in
schizophrenia.
What the review did not intend to do:
• Provide a mechanistic explanation of social
processing dysfunction in schizophrenia.
• Identify new social processing systems.
6. Which social processing systems,
among many, to consider?
1. Consensus among social neuroscientists that
system is partly distinct from others (e.g. non-
social) and important for social processing.
2. Sufficient clinical research of the system to
allow inferences about social processing in
schizophrenia.
7. Faces Voices
Mentalizing
Social cue
perception
Emotion
regulation
Emotion
experience
Experience and
management of
emotion
Experience
sharing
Motor
resonance
Affect
sharing
Impaired Intact Possibly intact
Subprocesses
Processes
Social processing systems in
schizophrenia
For each system:
- psychological processes
- associated neural regions
- findings from schizophrenia.
Green, Horan, Lee, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2015
8. Social Cue Perception
This system involves accurate identification of
social information conveyed in cues from faces,
voices, body movements / gestures, gait etc.
For the review, we considered:
1. Face emotion perception
2. Prosody (voice) perception
Schizophrenia patients show impairment on both
types of tasks.
9. Superior temporal sulcus and
Inferior frontal gyrus
Social Cue Perception
Key regions: amygdala, fusiform gyrus,
superior temporal sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus
Fusiform gyrus
Amygdala
10. Facial Emotion Recognition in
Schizophrenia (meta-analysis)
Between group differences:
Yellow: Controls > Patients
- Amygdala / hippocampus
- Fusiform
Blue: Patients > Controls
Taylor et al. Biological Psychiatry 2012
11. Experience Sharing
The simple act of observing others’ behaviors leads
us to experience neural activations that correspond
to those that occur when we execute these behaviors
1. Motor resonance -- while observing or executing
motor actions, input is compared with stored
motor representations for actions.
2. Affect sharing -- shared processes are also
engaged during the perception of emotional
behaviors.
12. Inferior parietal lobule;
Premotor cortex
Experience Sharing
Motor Resonance: inferior parietal; premotor cortex
Affect sharing: dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, anterior insula
Affect Sharing
Dorsal ACC
Anterior insula
Motor Resonance
14. • Patients
Finger Tasks- no group differences
24 patients and 24 controls
1. Imitate task 3. Observe task2. Execute task
• Controls
Horan,Iacoboni et al.
NeuroImage Clinical 2014
Voxel threshold z=2.3, corrected
cluster threshold p=0.05
15. Mentalizing
Mentalizing (also called theory of mind or mental
state attribution)
Understanding others requires one to take other
people’s viewpoints into account and to make
inferences about their mental states (including
intentions, beliefs and emotions) based on
available social cues.
17. Mentalizing and fMRI
John told Emily that he had a
Porsche. Actually, his car is a Ford.
Emily doesn’t know anything about
cars though, so she believed John.
When Emily sees John’s car, she
thinks it is:
Porsche Ford
False picture condition
condition
Amy made a painting of a tree house
three years ago when it was blue. That
was before the storm. We built a new
treehouse last summer, but we painted
it red instead.
The treehouse in the painting is:
red blue
In both cases, a false representation leads to a correct answer.
Mentalizing / Theory of Mind: the mental capacity to represent
one’s own mind and others’ mental state (i.e., belief, emotion,
intention). Large pt-control effect sizes in performance (.96).
False belief condition
18. Belief Attribution Task
False belief vs. False photo / picture
Controls
Patients
z value > 1.96 with a corrected cluster probability of p=.05
using Gaussian random field theory.
19. Emotion Experience and Regulation
Emotion Experience in Schizophrenia
is Intact:
Patients report diminished pleasure on
interview and trait measures
However, patients report and show normal
responses (self-report and physiological)
when exposed to pleasant stimuli.
But… might experience greater negative
responses to neutral stimuli.
20. Emotion Regulation
• Emotion regulation -- processes by which
people influence which emotion is experienced,
when it is experienced, and how it is
experienced.
• The most extensively studied regulation strategy
is cognitive reappraisal. That involves
changing one’s interpretations or appraisals of
stimuli to alter an emotional response.
22. Emotion Regulation in Schizophrenia and
Bipolar Disorder
People with schizophrenia
showed reduced activation
in vlPFC during cognitive
reappraisal; people with
bipolar disorder showed
increased activation.
Morris et al Transl. Psychiat 2012
24. When Systems Work Together:
Empathy as an Emergent Phenomenon
Empathy-- sharing, understanding, and responding to
the unique emotional experiences of another person. It
depends on multiple components.
• Experience sharing
• Affective empathy
• Mentalizing
• Cognitive empathy
• Other components:
• Emotion regulation (to be less empathic)
• Prosocial motivation (takes resources)
• Social cue perception
• Empathic accuracy
25. Patterns of intact vs impaired activity
across social processing systems
• Social cognition can be divided into reflective and
reflexive social processes.
• Reflective require effortful controlled processing.
These social processes are impaired in
schizophrenia -- perception of face and voice social
cues, mentalizing, emotion regulation.
• Reflexive require less mental effort than the other
social processes. These social processes that are
intact or partially intact in schizophrenia – motor
resonance, affect sharing, and emotion experience.
26.
27.
28. Questions for Discussion
• What are the shared and distinct contributions from social and
non-social processing systems?
• What are the implications of this framework for self-other
processing?
• What are the neural mechanisms for reflective versus reflexive
social processing?
• What is the role of social context on patient – control
differences?
• What is the role of negative emotion in social cognitive
impairment in schizophrenia?
• Where does connectivity break down in schizophrenia: within
regions, between regions, between systems?
• Does this framework apply to social cognitive impairment in
other neuropsychiatric disorders?
• Can interventions be targeted for specific social processing
systems?