This report make by the descriptive study and for the collection of data use the questionnaires on the basis of objective of the study .By this report to know the employment status and migration status of a geographical area .

1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PLANTATION AND MANAGEMENT
Research Topic : Impact of MGNREGA on rural employment
and migration
Course instructor: Dr. sarbani mukharjee
Submitted By,
Devesh Shukla

2. Justification of MGNREGA
• Whether the scheme is beneficial or not to the targeted people
• If so how many people are really involved in it and are beneficial
• Did it uplift the life of the people
• Whether the scheme is well implemented or not by the govt
• Status of Migration
OBJECTIVE
1. To Find the Demographic characteristics of households who are participating and not
participating.
2. To find new jobs through MGNREGA.
3. To assess the impact of agricultural activity due to MGNREGA.
4. To assess the status of immigrant workers and the vacancies situation.
5. To understand the people perception on MGNREGA.
To Find the Demographic characteristics of households who are participating and not
participating.
Indicator Variables
Economic status • Income level prior and post
• Tax paid to the govt
Land holding size • Earlier and later what is the land
holding size
Whether they are employable • Age, Gender of the people
Migration • Family size
Educational status • Graduation level/educational status
of the children

3. To find new jobs through MGNREGA
Indicator Variables
Infrastructure developed • No.of new projects in that area
• No.of employees newly joined the
project i.e. Previous and current
year.
Job cards • No.of job cards given
To assess the impact of agricultural activity due to MGNREGA.
Indicator Variables
Crop intensity • What crops
• How much area
• Production level
• Irrigation level
To assess the status of immigrant workers and the vacancies situation.
Indicator Variables
Vacancies • No.of jobs created in MGNREGA
and opportunities filled
Immigration status • No.of workers in state gone as
immigration workers
To understand the people perception on MGNREGA.
Indicator variables
View on MGNREGA work • What is income expectation
• Income level for running family
• Craze for going to city

4. Methodology
 Sampling used is purposive sampling(specific area had chosen)
 Stratified sampling is the method of sampling.
 Stratified sampling method could be potentially used for MGNREGA which includes
expenditure, rural population and person days worked etc
Review of Literature
1. Kumar Anandharaja P. and Well Haorei (2010) , his paper on "Impact Assessment of
MGNREGS on Rural Migration", assess the impact of the MGNREGS on rural migration in
Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu. The study reveals that the migration has stopped in five
Panchayats with the implementation of the scheme of the total 18 Panchayats. In seven
Panchayats migration has not stopped. In remaining 6 Panchayats there was no migration
before and after the implementation of MGNREGS.
2. Ramachandrudu, G. and Appa Rao (2011) , in the study report of “A study on the impact
of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme on Rural Livelihoods in
Vizianagaram district”, conducted a study was done in three mandals of Vizianagaram
district in Andhra Pradesh to assess the awareness levels of various aspects of MGNREGS
and its impact on income, consumption, agriculture, assets, quality of life and migration. The
main results of this study were that 31 per cent of sample respondents reported negative
impact on agriculture because of scarcity of labour and higher wage rates. The availability of
employment to a worker was about 240 days in year and of which 30 per cent is 106 through
MGNREGS work which contributed to 38 per cent of household income during 2009-10. A
positive impact on housing condition i.e. conversion of katcha house to pucca house,
reduction in migration, procurement of farm assets and household durables was observed.
As per the report, 36 per cent of respondents have repaid the loans taken from money
lenders or co-operative banks, or commercial banks. The expenditure on education and
health was increased at lower rate than the consumption on food items like the quantities of
cereals, vegetables and oil consumed by the respondents due to MGNREGS wages earnings.
The authors recommended providing increased number of days of employment under
MGNREGS in the districts like Vizianagaram where rain-fed single cropping system is in
practice.
3. M. Selva Maheshwari and L.S. Gangwar (2011) , they study in the article of “Impact of
Rural Development Scheme on Availability of Agricultural LabourA Study of Dairy Farmers
in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu”, this study has indentified the problems being faced by
dairy farmers due to scarcity of farm labour for agricultural and livestock production. The

5. study has revealed that the implementation of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has provided employment opportunities to rural workers
and has checked the migration of farm labour from villages to cities and nearby industrial
townships. All the eligible family member of landless dairy farmers had the job cards, but
medium and large dairy farmers possessing agricultural land, prefer to work at their own
farms. It has been observed that milch animals of some landless/small dairy farmers are being
maintained by the children or aged family members, as majority of adult family members
prefer the MGNREGS jobs to earn wages. The wage payments are also delayed after
completion of work and they face problems in getting the job cards. The study has concluded
that the minimum wages under MGNREGS should be increased cautiously keeping in view
its impact on agricultural/ livestock activities.
4. T. Sivasakthi Devi, R. Balasubramanian and B. Ganesh Kumar (2011) , written a paper
under the title of “Employment, Income and Labour Supply Decision of Rural Households:
An Economic Analysis of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu”, This paper has attempted to find out
the employment status, income and labour supply decision of the participants and non-
participants of MGNREGS in Tamil Nadu. It has also studied the household nutritional
security of these households. The study has revealed that the number of migrants in the
family, number of livestock units owned, and number of person-days employed in
agriculture, nonagricultural and MGNREGS are significantly influenced by the household
income of the participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. It shows that the
MGNREGS participants consume more high-value commodities like milk, chicken and fish,
as compared to MGNREGS non-participants. The labour supply decision of sample
respondents has shown that the elasticity of labour supply with respect to wage rate is more
than one in both participants and non-participants of MGNREGS. An interesting and
encouraging observation is that the scheme has reduced the migration of people from rural to
urban areas.
QUETIONNAIRE
1. Name :
2. Head of the household
3. Village - Panchayat Block District
4. Marital status : Married/ Unmarried/ Widow/ Divorce
5. Social Group : SC/ ST/ General
6. Religion : Hindu/ Muslim/ Christian/ Other
7. Land Holding : Own/ Share/ Landless

6. 7a. Land holding (size):
8. Occupation :
9. Income (Rs) : Self Income monthly: Husband Income monthly: Annual Income: Family
Income:
10. Total Members of family : Male ….. Female….. >60 Years……….
11. Type of Family : Joint / Nuclear GENERAL
12. Have you ever gone outside for any work? Out of district/ out of state.
13. When did you go : Every year/ Frequently/ Present Year
14. From which month do you go out?
15. How do you know about availability of work outside?
16. How do you travel : Bus/ Train/ Others
17. Who pays for the Travel : self / Contractor
18. Through whom do you go : Contractor/ Village Agent/ Out-side agent
19. With whom do you go ?
20. Do you register your name in the nearest district labour officer when you go out? Yes/ No
20a. If no then why?
21. When do you return from work?
22. Why do you go outside for work : More Income/ No work in the Village/loan repayment
23. From have you taken any Loan : Contractor/ Village
WORK PLACE
24. What type of work you do in that place –
25. Is there any danger in the work place –
26. How many hours do you work in a day –
27. How much do you get on a daily basis –
28. How do reach your work place daily–
29.While you are working, do involve your children in the work –
30. If yes, do they get payment for that work.
31. At the work place do you face any type of Violence –

7. 32. If faced, by whom & what type
SOCIAL SITUATION
33. As a labourer, what type of facilities do you avail there? Housing / toilet / Drinking water /
others/ all/none
34. Do you get any facilities for health related problems at the working place? From Company /
From govt
35. In case of accident in the working place, do you get emergency treatment?
36. Do you avail any govt facilities at the work place?
37. Is the NREGA (National Rural Employment Guarantee Act) formulated in your village?
38. If yes, then why are you going outside rather than working in the village?
39. What provisions/ steps at village will stop you from going outside? 40. How do your children
study there?
RETURN MIGRANTS’ LABOUR EXPERIENCE Relatively few migration surveys probe the
labour experience of return migrants. According to A.S Oberai, there are four /moments’ that
seem the most apt for questioning if a mobility profile is to be constructed-work activity before
leaving, immediately after leaving, immediately before returning,and immediately after
returning.
Q1. a. In the three months before you left this area on your last stay away, what was your main
activity?
b. What was the main reason you stopped working there?
Q.2 a. What type of work did you hope to get before leaving this area?
b. How much money did you expect to earn? (per month)
Q3. a. Did you leave this area for any specific period of work like seasonal work?
b. How long did you stay away?
Q.4. a. What was your main activity in the first three months after leaving this area?
b. In the past 12 months what was the relationship to the sender of the person(s) receiving money
or goods and about how much money did they receive?

8. TO BE ASKED OF IN-MIGRANTS AND RETURN MIGRANTS
Q1. a.)When did you move to the area? Did you do so because of NREGA or because of some
other factor? If NREGA then how did you come to know of the act?
Q.2 If you returned here or migrated here what was the main reason for doing so?
Q.3 Before working for NREGA what was your main means of income?
Q.4. How long did it take for you to start earning money through NREGA-were wages paid on
time?
Q.5 What was the nature of your work in the NREGA project.
Q6. What was the average number of workers in your NREGA project?
Q7. On average how many hours of wok did you have to put in in a week and how many days a
week did you work?
Q.8 Please could you give me an idea of your income before and after joining NREGP? Q.9 How
long do you plan to work in the NREGP? Do you have any other plans in mind?