The document presents a dissertation submitted by Partha Karmakar on the satisfaction levels of beneficiaries under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in Bikna village, Bankura district. It outlines the objectives of MGNREGA, its historical context, and seeks to evaluate its impact and effectiveness in alleviating poverty among rural populations. The findings suggest a need for improvements due to issues like corruption and ineffective implementation, despite MGNREGA being a significant step towards employment and social security for rural households.

1. A Study of Satisfaction Level of Beneficiaries under MGNREGA
Scheme at Bikna Village, Bankura District
SUBMITTED BY : PARTHA KARMAKAR
ENROLLMENT NUMBER: BUR MSW 2014/9
REGISTRATION NO.: 075022 OF 2010-2011
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK
LAW COLLEGE DURGAPUR
RAJBANDH, DURGAPUR-12
BURDWAN UNIVERSITY
(WEST BENGAL)
SESSION: 2014-2016

2. Acknowledgement
It is with my deep sense of respect and gratitude. I acknowledge my indebtedness to my
teacher, guide, supervisor Mrs. Sarmistha Bhattacharya, Department of social work
(MSW) of Law College Durgapur under the University of Burdwan without whose
excellent and invaluable guidance it would have been impossible for me to complete this
work. Despite her busyscheduleand work pressureher supportand encouragement helped
to create an exemplary teacher- student relationship.
I also pay my heartiest gratitude to Mr. Bikash Goswami., Gram panchayat Pradhan at
Bikna, Bankura Block II.
I also convey my respect to the Mr. Samar Pal for his cooperation extended to me during
the period of data collection.
My special thanks to all my respondents, the village members of the village & all my
friends for their prayerful support & encouragement.
I also express my sincere gratitude to my parents for their motivation, financial assistance
& providing comfortable atmosphere to execute this dissertation work.
Above all I am highly indebted to God almighty who I believe is always with me without
whose blessing this work would not have been materialized.
Place:
Date:

3. Declaration
I declare that I, Partha karmakar, a student of Department of Social work(MSW) of Law
College Durgapur under the University Of Burdwan having enrolment Roll BUR MSW
number 2014/9 registration no. 075022 of2010-2011, submitted this dissertation entitles
“A Study of SatisfactionLevelofBeneficiariesunderMGNREGAScheme AtBikna
Village, Bankura District” to Law College Durgapur study centre; under The University
Of Burdwan, is a record of independent dissertation work carried out by me under the
supervision and guidance of Mrs. Sarmistha Bhattacharya , Department of social work
(MSW) , Law College Durgapur, Rajbandh, Durgapur under University of Burdwan .This
has not been previously submitted for the award not any diploma, degree or other similar
title.
Place:
Date: -------------------------
(Partha Karmakar)

4. Certificate
I certify that this dissertation entitled a student of Department of social work(MSW) of
Law College Durgapur under the University Of Burdwan having Roll BURMSW
Number:2014/9 , Registration No. 075022 of 2010-2011, submitted the dissertation
entitled, “A Study of Satisfaction Level of Beneficiaries under MGNREGA Scheme
At Bikna Village, Bankura District ” To Law college Durgapur Study centre under The
University Of Burdwan ,is a record of independent dissertation work carried out by me
under the supervision and guidance of Mrs. Sarmistha Bhattacharya ,Department of social
work (MSW) ,Law College Durgapur, Rajbandh, Durgapur Under the university of
Burdwan . This has not been previously submitted for the award of any diploma, degree
or other similar title.
Place:
Date:
………………………………..
Sarmistha Bhattacharya
Dissertation Supervisor

5. Contents
Acknowledgement
Declaration
Certificate
Chapter – 1 Page No.
Abstract
Introduction
1.1 MGNREGA: A step towards inclusive growth
1.2 History of MGNREGA
1.3 Time-line of MGNREGA
1.4 MGNERGA: As a tool for inclusive growth and
poverty reduction
1.5 MGNREGA: Objective and salient features of
the Act
1.6Aims and objective
1.7 Short Statement of the problem
Chapter – 2 Page No.
Review of literature/past studies
Methodologyof the study
Chapter – 3 Page No.
Data Analysis and Findings
MajorFindings
Conclusion
Suggestions
Chapter – 4 Page No.
Appendices
References

6. List of Table and list of Figures
Table and figure
No.
Contents
1 Age-Group WiseDistribution
2 Sex Wise Distribution
3 Religion Wise Distribution
4 Caste wiseDistribution
5 Education Qualification
6 BPL Category
7 MGNREGA Job Card
8 Reason to Join with MGNREGA Scheme
9 Received information about 100 days’ work
10 Knowledgeabout the MGNREGA Scheme
11 Information Received aboutthe Scheme
12 Any Literate Persons in Family Works with This Scheme
13 Job Card Type of Literate Persons
14 Years holding the job under MGNREGA Scheme
15 Knowledgeabout male/female member’s equal payment
16 Different between village and Workplace
17 Responseto get job within 15 days
18 Anyonereceived wages without working under this scheme
19 Have ever paid any money to any person For getting job in
these scheme

7. 20 AboveBPL holder but Holding the job card
21 Satisfaction Level with 100 days’ work, wages
22 PanchayatProvides the Paymenton Bank Account
Regularly
23 Problems Faced On Payment in MGNREGA Scheme
24 Visited Panchayatfor Payment

8. Abstract
In the present research, the researcher intends to focus on the Bikna Village, Bankura
District of West Bengal, as to find out the satisfaction level of beneficiaries under the
MGNREGA scheme. The study will be based on a simple random sampling from the
universe of 356. It is believed that the MGNREGA has improved the life of many
members across the country but in Bikna village it could not achieve the desired effect as
to support the beneficiaries. The research shall highlight the satisfaction level of
beneficiaries under the scheme as mostly it is believed that the executive authority while
implementing the said schemes often indulges into corruption and accordingly the
objectives in implementing the said policy fails to reach to its success and largely all the
beneficiaries are deprived of their legitimate rights in the said village. The study shall be
conducted in such a way as to provide with some suggestions for incorporating
improvements.

9. Chapter – 1
Introduction
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is considered
asa “SilverBullet” foreradicating ruralpovertyandunemployment, bywayof generating
demand for productivelabor forcein villages. Rural poverty and unemployment in India
havegrownin an unprecedented manner duringthe last fewdecades. There is a growing
incidence of illiteracy, blind faith, hungry people, mal-nourished children, anemic
pregnant women, farmer suicides, starvation deaths, migration resulting from
inadequate employment, poverty, and the failure of subsistence production during
droughts. In order to makesolution of theseproblems and to providelivelihood security
to ruralunemployed,Governmentof India(GOI)enacted theNational RuralEmployment
Guarantee Act (NREGA) in 2005. It is the biggest poverty alleviation Programme in the
world which is started with an initial outlay of Rs. 11,300 croresin year 2006-07and now
it is Rs. 40,000 crores (2010-11). This Act is now called as Mahatma Gandhi NREGA. The
Act provides a legal guarantee for 100 days of employment in every financial year to
adult members of any rural household will to do public work related unskilled manual
work at the statutory minimum wage. Thus it is a universal Programme. This minimum
wage varies fromstate to state, in some states it is Rs. 80 whereas in other it is Rs. 125
or Rs. 120. According to the Act the minimum wage cannot be less than Rs. 60. The 100
days of work figure was estimated because the agricultural season is only supposed to
lastroughlyaround 250daysand unskilledworkershaveno alternative sourceof income
in the remaining parts of the year.
1.1 MGNREGA: A step towards inclusive growth
April2,2006 was the historic day for 72 %rural Indian population, on that day the
government of India has implemented Mahatma Gandhi Employment Guarantee Act
(MGNREGA) 2005. It was major step towards the inclusive growth and development.
Inclusivegrowth is not a new concept and is said to be a combination of both, what was
earlier known as growth, development and equitable distribution, all rolled into a new
terminology known as inclusive growth. Inclusive growth means to get higher growth
rate with low poverty, low unemployment rate and low income disparity. Itis a concept
which advances equitable opportunities for economic participants during the process of
economic growth with benefits incurred by every section of society. Inclusivity would
imply more equitable distribution of the gains achieved through higher growth. India in
this direction has donea commendable workby enacting employment guaranteeAct i.e.
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005. The Act gives
the legalrightto theruralpeopleto get atleast 100days’employment,whichis expected

10. to reduce the poverty level in the rural areas. MGNREGA will provide 100days
employment legal right of work to every unskilled adult household in the rural areas.
MGNREGA is focusing on water conservation, forestation, improve agriculture
productivity, creates new productiveemploymentopportunities for ruralunskilled labor
force and empowering panchayats.
1.2 History of MGNREGA
MGNREGA has come after almost 56 years of experience of other rural employment
programmes, which include both Centrally Sponsored Schemes and those launched by
State Govt.These comprisethe National RuralEmploymentProgramme(NREP) 1980-89;
Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme(RLEGP) 1983-89; JawaharlalRojgar
Yojana (JRY) 1989-1990;EmploymentAssuranceScheme(EAS)1993-99;JawaharlalGram
SamridhiYojana (JGSY) 1999-2002; Sampoorna Garmin Rojgar Yojana (SGRY) from2001;
National Food for Work Programmed (NFFWP) from 2004 were national rural
employment schemes. Among these, the SGRY and NFFWP have been merged with
NREGA in 2005.
The MGNREGA was notified on September7, 2005.MGNREGA has implemented in three
phase, MGNREGA seeksto providea legal rightof workat least 100daysguaranteewage
employment in financial year to every household whoseadult member volunteer to do
unskilled manual work. Employmentwill be providing in 15 days of application for work
within 5 kmradius of the village at determined minimum wagerate and minimum wage
rate will not be less than Rs 60 per day. If, it is not then, daily unemployment allowance
asper Act, hasto be paid liability of paymentof unemployment allowanceis of thestates.
MGNREGA has provided hugerightto gram panchayats to providing jobs; determinethe
work side and social auditing. It is also essential that at least 33% beneficiaries will be
women.
Inclusivegrowth is pattern of growth where the economy grows with the higher rate of
growth with productive employment and the lower rate of poverty, in inclusive growth
people of all the sections are benefited due to “trickling down effect” and the economy
grows with multiplier effect. After MGNREGA implementation the income of weak class
of society is increasing, thedemand of basic needs goods is also increasing in ruralareas,
so the quality of life of ruralpeople are improving. Theincome disparities in ruralsector
is decreasing because the income of poor people is steadily increasing. The rate of
unemployment is decreasing and number of working days are increasing. In year 2007-
08 3.52 crore new employment has been created in rural India. The role of the rural
women labor force was very low in last six decades but now in the last five years’
situation has been changed and the participation of women labor force in working
activities are growing very well. Theparticipation of ruralwomen in MGNREGA has been
reached up to 49%till 2008 due to 33%reservation for women. MGNREGA is improving
agriculturalproductivity to improveirrigation facilities, to stop various types soilerosion

11. etc... The agricultural production has reached at above 250 million tons in last year and
the various types unemployment rate is decreasing. The infrastructure like road,
educational institution, electricity supply in rural areas are improving. The educational
and health facility is necessary for development of human capital in India. The number
of people are living below poverty line will decreasing in future. The migration rate from
ruralto metropolitan cities is decreaseso,one hand the growthrate of slumswill decline
in metropolitan cities and on the other side the rural people will be benefited from
various government developmental programmes. Social inclusion is improving; it is a
better way for declining social evils and differences from people. MGNREGA is stress on
forestation, water conservation, itis a forward step in the direction to saveenvironment
and save resources for future generation. MGNREGA is a right move for sustainable
development. MGNREGA is different from other wage employment Programme as it
bestows a legal right and guarantee to the ruralpopulation through an act of parliament
and is not just a scheme like other wageemployment programmes. With its right based
framework and demand drives approach. MGNREGA mark a paradigm shift from the
previous wage programmes unique features of the scheme include, time bound
employment guarantee and wage payment within 15 days. At least 33%of the
beneficiaries are to women. Under MGNREGA, wage disbursement through bank and
post office account is mandatory. Social audit has to be done by the Gram Sabha.
1.3 Time-line of MGNREGA
The following table Shows the time line of MGNREGA whereby the scheme got its
modifications during the years of its running.
The Time-line of MGNREGA
Aug 2005 Feb 2006 Apr 2007 Apr 2008 Oct 2008 16Feb
2009
Oct 2009
NREGA
legalized
Came
into force
in 200
districts
130 more
districts
included
Universali
zation
Of the
scheme
Wage
transacti
on
through
banks/po
st offices
MOU
with the
postal
dept.
Name
changed
to
MGNREG
A
Source: www.nrega.nic.in
1.4 MGNERGA: As a tool for inclusive growth and poverty reduction
Poverty is a big challenge to India. Poverty alleviation and employment generation have
always been important issues fromthe beginning of the five-year plan. However, Indian
governmentin the fifth five-yearplan emphasized particularlythe importanceof poverty
reduction and its alleviation. In the beginning after independence, poverty and

12. unemployment were not taken seriously by the government and fully relied upon the
theory of “trickle-down effect”. The benefits of growth were considered to percolate to
the bottom level and marginalized sections of the society would get benefited
automatically by timely. The economic growth was assumed to be an important
instrument for the poverty reduction. Since independence, the government launched a
number of poverty alleviation and employment generation programmes, especially for
rural development, like TRYSEM, IRDP, RLEGP, JRY, NRY, SGSY, etc. These programmes
were somehow effective, but not up to the expectations of the people in solving the
problem of unemployment and poverty eradication on account of severalshortcomings
noticed in the wage employment programmes. These shortcomings were likely to be:
lack of awareness among people, lack of sincerity of administration, lack of community
participation, lack of complete awareness about schemes, lack of adequate planning,
Panchayatsnotwellequipped, Quality of assetscreated notalwaysofrequisitestandard,
Reports of false muster rolls, Problems in payment : often less than 6 prescribed wages
and disparity between wages paid to women and men, Contractors persisted, Diversion
of funds, Weak monitoring and verification systems, Lack of comprehensivedata base,
Inadequate capacity of implementing agencies, Multiple wages employment
programmesrunninginparallel. Lackof Genuinewillto decentralize, Lackof organization
of the poorfor greater participation, and Lackof Public Accountability.Considering these
deficiencies in the earlier programmes,MGNREGAwasdesigned and given a legal status.
The MGNREGA is a step towards theright to work, as an aspectof the fundamental right
to live with dignity in accordanceof Indian constitution. The MGNREGA bring into being
the rural people inclusive through following;
 Social protection for the most vulnerable people living in rural India.
 Livelihood security for the poor through creation of durable assets, improved water
security, soil conservation and higher land productivity.
 Drought proofing and food management and increasing production in rural India.
 Empowerment of the socially disadvantaged, especially women, scheduled castes
and scheduled tribes, through the process of a rights-based legislation and
implementation.
 Strengthening decentralized and participatory planning through convergence of
various anti-poverty and livelihoods initiatives.
 Deepening democracy atthe grass-rootsby strengthening PanchayatRaj Institutions.
 Effecting greater transparency and accountability in governance.
1.5 MGNREGA: Objective and salient features of the Act
The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, (NREGA) was notified on September
7,2005.

13. I. OBJECTIVE OF THE ACT
The objective of the Act is to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at
least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household
whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
ii. MGNREGA GOALS
 Strong social safety net for the vulnerable groups by providing a fallback
employment source, when other employment alternatives are scarce or
inadequate.
 Growth engine for sustainabledevelopment of an agriculturaleconomy. Through
the process of providing employment on works that address causes of chronic
poverty such as drought, deforestation and soil erosion, the Act seeks to
strengthen the naturalresourcebaseof rurallivelihood and create durableassets
in ruralareas. Effectively implemented, NREGA has the potential to transformthe
geography of poverty.
 Empowerment of rural poor through the processes of a rights-based Law
 New ways of doing business, as a model of governance reform anchored on the
principles of transparency and grass root democracy.
iii. COVERAGE
The Actwasnotified in 200districtsin the firstphasewith effect from February2nd2006
and then extended to additional 130 districts in the financial year 2007-2008 (113
districtswerenotified with effectfrom April1st2007,and17 districtsin UP werenotified
with effect from May 15th2007). The remaining districts have been notified under the
NREGA with effect from April 1, 2008. Thus NREGA covers the entire country with the
exception of districts that have a hundred percent urban population.
iv. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE ACT
a. Adult members of a rural household, willing to do unskilled manual work, may
apply for registration in writing or orally to the local Gram Panchayat.
b. The Gram Panchayat after due verification will issue a Job Card. The Job Card will
bear the photograph of all adult members of the household willing to work under
NREGA and is free of cost.

14. c. The Job Card should be issued within 15 days of application.
d. A Job Card holder may submit a written application for employment to the Gram
Panchayat, stating the time and duration for which work is sought. The minimum
days of employment have to be at least fourteen.
e. The Gram Panchayat will issue a dated receipt of the written application for
employment, against which the guarantee of providing employment within 15
days operates.
f. Employment will be given within 15 days of application for work, if it is not then
daily unemployment allowance as per the Act, has to be paid liability of payment
of unemployment allowance is of the States.
g. Work should ordinarily be provided within 5 km radius of the village. In case work
is provided beyond 5 km, extra wages of 10% are payable to meet additional
transportation and living expenses.
h. Wages are to be paid according to the Minimum Wages Act 1948 for agricultural
laborers in the State, unless the Centre notifies a wage rate which will not be less
than Rs. 60/ per day. Equal wages will be provided to both men and women.
i. Wages are to be paid according to piece rate or daily rate. Disbursementof wages
has to be done on weekly basis and not beyond a fortnight in any case.
j. At least one-third beneficiaries shall be women who have registered and
requested work under the scheme.
k. Work site facilities such as crèche, drinking water, shadehave to be provided The
shelf of projects for a village will be recommended by the gram Sabha and
approved by the Zillah panchayat.
l. At least 50% of works will be allotted to Gram Panchayats for execution
Permissible works predominantly include water and soil conservation,
afforestation and land development works.
m. A 60:40 wage and material ratio has to be maintained. No contractors and
machinery is allowed.
n. The Central Government bears the 100 percent wage cost of unskilled manual
labor and 75 percent of the material costincluding the wages of skilled and semi-
skilled workers.

15. o. Social Audit has to be done by the Gram Sabha.
p. Grievanceredressalmechanisms haveto be put in place for ensuring a responsive
implementation process.
q. All accounts and records relating to the Scheme should be available for public
Scrutiny.
v. PARADIGM SHIFT FROM WAGE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMMES
NREGA marks a paradigm shift from all precedent wage employment programmes. The
significant aspects of this paradigm shift are captured below:
a. NREGA provides a statutory guarantee of wage employment.
b. It provides a rights-based framework for wage employment. Employment is
dependent upon the worker exercising the choice to apply for registration,
obtain a Job Card, and seek employment for the time and duration that the
worker wants there is a 15-day time limit for fulfilling the legal guarantee of
providing employment for THE NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE
ACT, 2005.
c. The legal mandate of providing employment in a time bound manner is
underpinned by the provision of Unemployment Allowance.
d. The Act is designed to offer an incentive structure to the States for providing
employment as ninety percent of the cost for employment provided is borne
by the Centre. There is a concomitant disincentive for not providing
employment as the States then bear the double indemnity of unemployment
and the cost of unemployment allowance.
e. Unlike the earlier wage employment programmes that were allocation based.
NREGA is demand driven. Resource transfer under NREGA is based on the
demand for employment and this provides another critical incentive to States
to leverage the Act to meet the employment needs of the poor.
f. NREGA has extensive inbuilt transparency safeguards;
i. Documents: Job Cards recording entitlements (in the custody of
workers) written application for employment, Muster Rolls,
Measurement Books and Asset Registers
ii. Processes: Acceptance of employment application, issue of dated
receipts, time bound work allocation and wage payment, Citizen

16. Information Boards at worksites, Vigilance Monitoring Committees,
regular block, district and state level inspections and social audits.
g. The public delivery system has been made accountable, as it envisages an
Annual Report on the outcomes of NREGA to be presented by the Central
Governmentto theParliament and to the Legislaturebythe State Government.
Specifically, personnel responsiblefor implementing the Act have been made
legally responsible for delivering the guarantee under the Act.
vi. STAKEHOLDERS
This chapter describes the key stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities for
effective implementation of NREGS.
Key Stakeholders are:
a. Wage seekers
b. Gram Sabha
c. PRIs, specially the gram panchayat
d. Programme Officer at the block level
e. District Programme Coordinator
f. State Government
g. Ministry of Rural Development
□ VILLAGE LEVEL
▪ Wage Seekers:
The wage seekers are the primary stake holders of the Act. Their exercise of choice to
demand employment is the trigger of key processes. Therights of the wageseekers are:
I. Application for registration
II. Obtaining a Job Card
III. Application for work
IV. Choice of time and duration of the work applied for Provision of work within
fifteen days of application.
V. Provision of crèche, drinking water, first aid facilities on work site.
VI. The right to check their Muster Rolls and to get information regarding them
employment entered in their Job Cards Payment of wages within fifteen days of
work done

17. VII. The right to get unemployment allowance in case employment is not provided
within fifteen days of submitting the application or from the date when work is
sought.
▪ Gram Sabha (GS): The Gram Sabha has been given the following rights and
responsibilities under the Act;
I. It will recommend works to be taken up under NREGS.
II. It will conduct social audits on implementation of the Scheme.
III. In addition, it is suggested thatthe Gram Sabha be used extensively as a forum for
sharing information about the Scheme.
▪ Gram Panchayat (GP): The Gram Panchayatis the pivotal body for implementation at
the village level. Where Part Nine of the Constitution does not apply, local councils/
authorities as mandated by the State concerned will be invested with corresponding
responsibilities.
The Gram Panchayat is responsible for the following activities;
I. Planning of works
II. Receiving applications for registration
III. Verifying registration applications
IV. Registering households
V. Issuing Job Cards
VI. Receiving applications for employment STAKEHOLDERS
VII. Issuing dated receipts,
VIII. Allotting employment within fifteen days of application Executing works
IX. Maintaining records
X. Convening the Gram Sabha for social audit
XI. Monitoring the implementation of the Scheme at the village level.
□ BLOCK LEVEL
▪ Intermediate Panchayat (IP): The Intermediate Panchayat will be responsible for the
consolidation of the GP plans at the Block level into a Block Plan and for monitoring and
supervision
▪ Programme Officer (PO): The ProgrammeOfficer essentially acts as a coordinator for
NREGS at the Block level. The chief responsibility of the ProgrammeOfficer is to ensure

18. that anyone who applies for work gets employment within 15 days. A Programme
Officer’s other important functions are;
 Scrutinizing the annual development plan proposed by the GPs Including the
proposals of the Intermediate Panchayat
 Consolidating all proposals into the block plan and submitting it to the
Intermediate Panchayat
 Matching employment opportunities with the demand for work at the Block level
 Monitoring and supervising implementation
 Disposal of complaints
 Ensuring that social audits are conducted by the Gram Sabha’s and following up
on them
 Paymentof unemploymentallowancein caseemploymentis notprovided on time
 The Programme Officer is accountable to the District Programme Coordinator.
□ DISTRICT LEVEL
▪ District Panchayats: District Panchayats will be responsible for finalizing the District
Plans and the Labour Budget and for monitoring and supervising the Employment
Guarantee Scheme in the District.
▪ DistrictProgramme Coordinator (DPC): TheStateGovernmentwill designatea District
Programme Coordinator, who can be either the Chief Executive Officer of the District
Panchayat,orthe DistrictCollector, orany other District-levelofficer of appropriaterank.
The overall responsibility for ensuring that the Scheme is implemented according to the
Act belongs to the District ProgrammeCoordinator (DPC) at the District level. A District
Programme Coordinator will be responsible for:
 Information dissemination
 Training
 Consolidating block plans into a district plan ensuring administrativeand technical
approvals to the shelf of projects has been accorded on time release and
utilization of funds.
 Ensuring hundred percent monitoring of works, Muster Roll Verifications,
 Submission of Monthly Progress Reports.
□ STATE LEVEL
▪ State Employment Guarantee Council (SEGC): A State Employment Guarantee Council
(or‘State Council’)is to beset up byevery StateGovernmentunderSection 12of NREGA.

19. The SEGC shall advisethe State Governmenton the implementation of the Scheme, and
evaluate and monitor it. Other roles of the State Council include deciding on the
‘preferredworks’ to beimplemented under NREGS, and recommending the proposalsof
works to be submitted to the Central Government under Schedule I
Section 1 (ix) of the Act.
The State Council will preparean Annual Report on the implementation of the NREGS in
the State to be presented to the State Legislature.
The State Government will be responsible for:
 Wide communication of the Scheme
 Setting up the SEGC STAKEHOLDERS
 Establishing a State Employment Guarantee Fund
 Ensuring that full time dedicated personnel arein place for implementing NREGA,
specially the Gram Panchayat assistant (Gram Rozgar Sahayak) and the
Programme Officer, and the technical staffs
 Ensuring that the State share of the NREGS budget is released on time
Delegation of financial and administrative powers to the District Programme
coordinator and the ProgrammeOfficer, as is deemed necessary for the effective
implementation of the Scheme
 Training
 Establishing a network of professional agencies for technical support and for
quality-control measures Regular review, monitoring and evaluation of NREGS
processes and outcomes.
 Ensuring accountability and transparency in the Scheme at all levels
□ CENTRAL LEVEL
▪ Central Employment Guarantee Council (CEGC): A Central Employment Guarantee
Council (or ‘Central Council’) has been set up under the chairmanship of the Minister of
Rural development. The Central Council is responsible for advising the Central
Government on NREGA-related matters, and for monitoring and evaluating the
implementation of the Act. It will prepare Annual Reports on the implementation of
NREGA for submission to Parliament.
▪ Ministry of Rural Development (MORD): The Ministry of Rural Development is the
nodal Ministry for the implementation of NREGA. It is responsible for ensuring timely
and adequate resource support to the States and to the Central Council. It has to
undertake regular review, monitoring and evaluation of processes and outcomes. It is
responsiblefor maintaining and operating the MIS to capture and track data on critical

20. aspects of implementation, and assess the utilization of resources through a set of
performanceindicators.MORDwill supportinnovationsthathelp in improvingprocesses
towards the achievement of the objectives of the Act. It will support the use of
Information Technology (IT)to increasetheefficiency and transparency of theprocesses
as well as improve interface with the public. It will also ensure that the implementation
of NREGA at all levels is sought to be made transparent and accountable to the public.
1.6 Aims and objective
 To find out the participation in MGNREGA Scheme at Bikna Village of Bankura
District
 To gather Information about the implementation of MGNREA scheme
 To find out their Condition at present with 100 Days work, wages
 To find out the level of knowledge of workers under this Scheme
 To know the success and failure of this scheme
1.7 Short Statement of the problem
MGNREGA aims at enhancing livelihood security of households in rural areas of the
country by Providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a
financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled
manual work. The choice of works suggested in the Act addresses causes of chronic
poverty like drought, deforestation and soil erosion, so that the process of employment
generation is maintained on a sustainablebasis. MGNREGA has become oneof the most
abused programmes, where everybody who is getting the chance to make money is
making. There are clear evidences that original objectives of MGNREGA have yet to be
achieved on a large scale and its true potential as an instrumentof rural transformation
is yet to be fully realized. However now a day’s problem has been increase up regarding
payment, regarding work, now a days 100 days’ work are closed due to some planning
reason. Then somewhere there are the level of continuous 100 days’ work are totally
closed, another problem is regarding payment; somewheretheir payment care not fully
providedto the workersdueto this reasonthe workersfacedverycriticalsituation. Bikna
village is an agriculture proon village, MGNREGA scheme made a good success also the
Scheme providework to the villagers for a long time on the village but now a day it’s not
going too good.

21. Chapter – 2
Review of literature/past studies
[Rural development and employment should be twin objectives:
incorporate skills development and durable infrastructure in
MGNREGA]
MGNREGA’s design and implementation limit it to simply generating last-resort
employment. Workers do not receive training nor learn new skills for the job market,
and can only build basic and low-quality infrastructure. As a result, workers are
dependent on the scheme for jobs, and the maintenance of infrastructureis dependent
on continuing MGNREGA funds.Ifthis programended tomorrow,ruralIndiawouldlikely
go back to 2005: rates of poverty and severemalnutrition would increaseagain, and the
infrastructurebuiltwith the programwould crumble.There aremany waysto impactthe
long term; Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) programs, for instance, investin the future
by requiring school attendance and medical check-ups for beneficiaries and their
children. Whatwould bemostfitting for MGNREGAwould beto build moresophisticated
and durable infrastructure, by disbursing skilled personnel to handle machinery and
oversee the works, and by training workers in new skills and roles that they can use in
the job market.
[MGNREGA has been one of the issues for discussion among the social
scientist since its implementation. Various studies were made in different
period of time, touching the various aspects of MGNREGA]
▪ Prasad (2012) highlighted the different objectives and features of MGNREGA and also
revealed the performance and funding pattern of MGNREGA. According to his study
MGNREGA is playing vital role for providing employment especially during off
agricultural season.
▪ Borah & Bordoloi (2014) conducted their study in 14 blocks of Sonitpur district of
Assam. They have studied the impact of MGNREGA on women empowerment in the
district. They concluded that the performanceof MGNREGA is not fully satisfactory. The
schemecould not ensurethe 100 days’ job guaranteeto the majority of job card holders
in the studied district. Further, they haveattempted to identify the various obstaclelies
in the implementation of the scheme.

22. ▪ Kumar (2014) conducted his study in Sirsa, Ambala and Hisser districts of Haryana. His
studyattempted to explain the importanceof socialaudit in developmental schemeslike
MGNREGA. The study found out that most of the gram panchayathas conducted social
audit twice in a year. But very less number of issues raised by the people in those gram
panchayats.
▪ Sharma (2014) explained the reasons for migration in urban and rural area and how
MGNREGA can be an effective tool for reducing such migration. She conducted a study
in Anantpur, Andhra Pradesh and observed thatMGNREGA broughtdown the migration
levels due to availability of work. Her study in Gujarat, Maharashtra Rajasthan and
Madhya Pradesh found out that the migration has been reduced in the families of
respondents and also children’s education was positively benefited.
▪ Hazarika(2014)examined the impact of MGNREGA on incomeand migration of people
of Lakhimpur District, Assam. The study found that scheme has a positive impact on
eradicating poverty by increasing income of people and decreasing the rural migration.
[10 years of MGNREGA: How the Modi government was forced to adopt
the scheme]
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was for the
first time notified on an experimental basis in 200 odd districts across the country –
exactly 10 years ago. The event marked a watershed in the right-based entitlement
framework of the country and for the first time provided a legal guarantee for wage
employment.
The Act, guaranteed a minimum 100 days of employment out of the 365 days in a year
to every willing household, within 15 days of making such a requisition. Inability to
provide employment within 15 days from the date had to be compensated through an
unemployment allowance. The wages as notified by the Central government indexed to
CPI was to be done on a weekly basis and not beyond a fortnight in any case. The
provisions made NREGA one of the best wages for work programmefor rural poor and
within no time, its reach was expanded to cover almost the entire country barring few
100 per cent urban centres. In the initial years, MNREGA was a true game-changer, rural
wages started climbing and reports also pointed towards a decline in migration to urban
centres. A NCAER study of 2015 showed that the Act helped in lowering poverty by
almost32 per cent between 2004-05to2011-12andprevented almost14 million people
from falling into poverty. More than the economic benefit, experts credit the Act along
with host of other reasons for helping Congress-lead UPA romp home to victory in the
2009 General Elections for a second-term against much adverse reaction.

23. [When Modi mocks NREGA, he ridicules the 80 million Indians
contributing to the nation’s development]
The prime minister feels the scheme is just about digging ditches. He would do better
looking atgovernmentstatisticsand talking to the country'spoor.Despiteall the inimical
noises made by the current government, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act has survived. The budget recently allocated to it by Finance
Minister Arun Jaitley confirms the governmentis not willing to axe the scheme– at least
not this year. But does that rule out its erosion? Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s
repeated denigrationof the NREGA as a programmeunderwhich poorpeople dig ditches
mocksthe laboursof the nearly 80 million people who toil under its aegis. By disparaging
the scheme, he also ridicules his own government’s data. NREGA’s official website
reveals that over 45% of all works taken up under the scheme entailed provision of rural
sanitation. Construction of irrigation facilities for Dalit, Adivasi and other impoverished
farmers comprised 13% of the works, while land development works on the farms of
poor landowners made up 9% of The total. Rural connectivity works made up a further
11%, while the creation of water conservation and water harvesting structures
(presumably what the prime minister had in mind when he spoke of digging ditches)
comprised 7%. If Modi had met the sarpanchs in his home state, he would have
appreciated the programme’s value to them. In Gujarat’s Veravaldistrict, the sarpanch
of Malondha Gram Panchayat told about the culverts constructed by workers using
NREGA funds. Neither he nor the NREGA workers thought that the programme was a
waste,asthe epithet of digging ditches implies. Likewise,in Bihar, NREGA workersalways
refer to themselves as labourers, majdoors, whose hard work is developing India.
“Majdoor ke paseena sookhnese pehle usko majdoori milni chahiye (A laborer should
get his wage before his sweat dries),” Kulanand Mandal told outside his mud hut in
Bihar’s Araria block. In neighbouring Bhargama Gram Panchayat’s Ward.
[Critical Issues]
▪ Issues Relevant to Job Cards:
To make sure that non-urban families likely to seek inexperienced manual labor are
determined & confirmagainst reasonably reliable local database so that non-domiciled
contractor’s workers are not used on NREGA performs.
Job cards confirmation is done on the spot against a current database and reducing
enough time lags between programand issue of job cards to remove the possibility of
rent seeking, and creating greater visibility etc. Besides guaranteeing that Job Cards are
released prior to career need and perform allowance rather than being released on
perform sites which could subvert the is designed of NREGA.

24. ▪ Issues Associated with Applications:
To determine choices and views of houses regarding trim season career to make sure
exercise of the right to career within enough time. Itis specified of fifteen days to make
sure that performs are started where and when there is need for labour, not need for
performs the process of providing an old recognition for the program for career needs
to be scrupulously noticed. In its lack, the guarantee cannot be worked out in its true
soul.
▪ Issues Relevant to Choice of Works:
Selection of all workers by local gram Sabha in all towns or districts and display after
acceptance of display of tasks, to make sure public choice, visibility and responsibility
and avoid material extensive, service provider based performs and concocted performs
information.
▪ Issues associated with Performance of Works:
At least half of performs should be run by gram panchayats. Servicing of collect roll by
performing agency designated collect comes which only show job cards owners mustbe
found at each perform to avoid service provider led performs.
▪ Issues Associated with Payments:
Paymentof income is donethrough post offices as well as governmentor privatebanks.
Through this scheme, people can be paid at right time without any error. The payment
is done in their particular bank/post office account.
[Problems with MGNREGA and recasting of the scheme discuss the
problems of the MNREGA Scheme. Do you think that this is a truly
Demand Based Programme? Why this scheme needs an overhaul?]
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) came into
existence by a legislation by Parliament of India in 2005. It provides legal guarantee for
100days of employmentin everyfinancial year to adult members of any ruralhousehold
willing to do public work-related unskilled manual work. The scheme created three
billion person-daysofworkin2009-10against86million person-daysin2003-04through
other programmes such as food for work.50 million families are likely to get work in
2009-10 with an expenditure of Rs. 40,000 crores. The positive visible impacts are as
follows: Agriculturalwages have increased Distress migration has shown a decline Area

25. cultivated in some states has increased Water conservation structures have been built
and in many cases, have been revived. However, despite all these amazing data,
MGNREGA has become one of the most abused programmes, where everybody who is
getting the chance to make money is making. There are clear evidences that original
objectives of MGNREGA have yetto be achieved on a large scaleand its true potential as
an instrumentof ruraltransformation is yetto be fully realized. Most of the jobs created
under the Act are in the area of water conservation, land development and drought
proofing.WhileNREGA is implemented by theministryof ruraldevelopment, its progress
is also monitored by the Planning Commission.A recent Planning Commissionevaluation
of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) has questioned the
effectiveness of projects implemented under the Act in boosting productivity and
creating assets. Planning Commission highlighted the dearth of technical and
professional support for implementing projects under NREGA, delays in payments to
workers, and issues of corruption and leakages. Here are some important points:
Planning commission finds poor implementation of the scheme in states such as Bihar
and Uttar Pradesh. Payments to workers are being delayed as there is a late
measurement of work. Only 19% of the 850,000 differently abled people registered for
the scheme have got work under NREGA. Another issue is that of fake muster rolls and
bills being generated. So-called elite groups within the worker’s capturemostof the job
cards. Workers weremoving away from their main activity, agriculture, and “are digging
pits in the name of ponds under NREGA… Water from these pits evaporates very fast”.
There is corruption in implementing the programmes and no real asset was being
created. Recasting of MGNREGA Rural Development Minister Jairam Ramesh has
recently said that government will recast the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment GuaranteeScheme, to give it a welfareedge, following criticism that it was
disconnected from people’s concern over corruption, high food prices and inflation.
Government would make an attempt to make the scheme more responsiveto people’s
needs and increaseearnings of the ruralpoor. The reform attempts to make the scheme
truly demand-based, besides addressing issues of fraud, misuseof funds, corruption and
structural problems like delayed payments. The issues such as uneven implementation
across states and districts need to be addressed. Theeffort is clearly to recast itself into
a welfare state by reaching out “to the 2000 poorestblocks, especially thosewith a high
Scheduled Caste and Tribe population”. By focusing the reforms on the poorest areas,
the government is seeking to stress that in recasting its welfare component it will not
endanger industry’s growth path. In its document on ‘Reforms in MGNREGA
Implementation,’ the Rural Development Ministry has sought to put the legal
entitlements of the rural labour at the heart of the programmein keeping with the rural
employment guarantee law. It has been suggested that all states index its schedule of
rates,or wagerates, to inflation at thebeginning of everyfinancialyear. Thiswould mean
that costestimates of projects would haveto be revised. The idea is to avoid the current

26. practice where wages are revised downwards when the project cannot be completed
within the existing cost rate. MGNREGA is NOT a truly demand based programme
because-though rural labour is legally entitled to be paid if work is not provided within
15 days of application, this happens very rarely. This undermines the demand based
nature of the programme. The Government would make it mandatory for all states
institute systems to pro-actively seek and record demand for work. This would include
effortsatthe grampanchayatlevel to proactivelyincreaserecordingof demandfor work.

27. Methodology of the Study
Universe of the study:
The universeof abovestudy is the Bikna village abovefalling in the block Bikna, Bankura
II,In thedistrictof Bankura in westBengal. In theabovevillagetotal 216BPL families and
356 MGNREGA job card holder, from their 54 respondents including male and female
whoseare the prospective study units in the research. Hence the universeof the study
includes.
Research designed:
Research design is planning strategy of conducting research. It plans to; what to be
observed, how is to observed, when is to be observed, why is to be observed, how to
record an observation, how to analyse and interpret the observation. This is an
Explanatory research design where the researcher has to understand the Satisfaction
Level of Beneficiaries under MGNREGA Scheme and whereand why the problem occurs
in satisfaction level of a beneficiaries working in this scheme.
Sampling size:
Sampling is a statically process of taking outor selecting a represented prosection of the
universe and a sample is said to be the representive prosection of the universe, In the
above study simple random study adopted for 15% sample taken selected from the
universe of 356, here the sample size is 54.
Method of data collection:
An interview containing with some questions was applied for collecting the data.
Tools of data collection:
Here an interview schedule was applied for collect the data. the interview schedule was
seeking about some information: - 1. Economic condition of the family, 2. Idea about
entire rules and regulations
Source of data collection:
The study contains of primary and secondary source of data collection.
Primary source of data collection;
Primary source of data collectceted with some questionnaire form villagers both man
and women, and it consist their status of living, personal profile, socioeconomic
background, to improve their condition, idea about the rues of entire scheme, payment

28. mode, payment status, family member’s participation about the job, role and
responsibility of the supervisor.
Secondary source of data collection;
The secondary data were collect form various journals in website, official website of
MGNREGA, various pdf files regarding MGNREGA and someinformation from panchayat
and supervisors.
Data Interpretation procedure:
Data were interpreted through Microsoft office word 2016, and data tabulation and,
data table, diagram and chart, frequency, percentage were made by Microsoft Office
Excel 2016.

29. Chapter – 3
Data Analysis and Findings
Table No: - 1 Bikna Village
Age-Group Wise Distribution
Sl. No. Age Group Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 18-25
2 25-35 11 2 13 24
3 35-45 17 12 29 54
4 45-55 12 12 22
5 55-65
6 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table shows that out of 54 respondents there are total 40 male respondents and
there are 13 male respondents who are falling in 25-35 age group and 29 respondents
who are in 35-45 agegroup & about 12 respondents who are falling in 45-55 agegroup.
About female respondent 14 female members are taken for sampling from there 2
female respondents falling 25-35 agegroup and 12 respondents arefalling on 35-45 age
group. there were no respondents found on the age group of 18-25 & 55-65 age group.
Figure No.: - 1
25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65
Male respondents 11 17 12
Female respondents 2 12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Responents
Age Group

30. Table No: - 2 Bikna Village
Sex Wise Distribution
Sl. No. Respondents Percentage(%)
1 Male 40 74
2 Female 14 26
3 Total 54 100%
The table indicates the sex wisedistribution of total respondents. Thetotal respondents
are 54 here and there male respondents are 40 & female respondents are 14 on my
study. In this village 74% male respondents are my samples where only 26% female
respondents are helped to me to collect data of MGNREGS scheme.
Figure No.: - 2
74%
26%
Total Respondents
Male Female

31. Table No: - 3 Bikna Village
Religion Wise Distribution
Sl. No. Religion Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 Hindu 40 14 54 100
2 Muslim
3 Others
4 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates the religion wisedistribution of the 54 respondents. Here it can find
thattotal 54respondentsthereareall respondentsareHindu in Religion. Fromtheabove
there are 40 male respondents and 14 Female respondents.
Figure No.: - 3
0
10
20
30
40
Male respondents
Female respondents
ReligionWise Distribution
Hindu Muslim Others

32. Table No: - 4 Bikna Village
Caste wise Distribution
Sl. No. Caste wise Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 General 15 5 20 37
2 SC 25 9 34 63
3 ST
4 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates the Caste wise distribution of total respondents. the total
respondents are 54 here and the total male respondents are 40 from there 15 are in
general and 25 are SC category and about total female for sampling are 14 respondents
from there 5 are general category and 9 females are SC category.
Figure No.: - 4
Male respondents Female respondents
General 15 5
SC 25 9
ST
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Responents
Caste Wise Respondents

33. Table No: - 5 Bikna Village
Education Qualification
Sl. No. Education
Qualification
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 <8 29 14 43 80
2 Class10 11 11 20
3 >10
4 >12
5 Total 40 14 54 100%
Here the table shows the education qualification of the total 54 respondents, taking for
a sample. Fromtheabove data it shows that80% members arebelow class viiiand there
are 20% members education qualification is above class viii.
Figure No.: - 5
<8 Class10 >10 >12
Male respondents 29 11
Female respondents 14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Responents
EducationQualification

34. Table No: - 6 Bikna Village
BPL Category
Sl.
No.
BPL
category
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes 40 14 54 100
2 No
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates the BPL category of the respondents.Inthis abovetable it showsthat
there are total 40 male respondents who have BPL Ration cards and about 14 female
members who has BPL category ration card.
Figure No.: - 6
Yes
No
0
20
40
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Yes 40 14
No
Responents
BPL Catagory

35. Table No: - 7 Bikna Village
MGNREGA Job Card
Sl.
No.
MGNREGA
job Card
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1
Yes 40 14 54 100
2
No
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table represents that about the job card of the 54 respondents. In this above table
it shows that there are total 40 male respondents have MGNREGA Job Card cards and
about 14 female members have MGNREGA card.
Figure No.: - 7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Yes No
Male respondents 40
Female respondents 14
Responents
MGNREGA JobCard

36. Table No: - 8 Bikna Village
Reason to Join with MGNREGA Scheme
Sl.
No.
Reason to join
MGNREGA
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 Improve
economic
condition
30 9 39 72
2 Income
Generation
10 5 15 28
3 Others
4 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table describes the reason to join the MGNREGA Scheme. there are total 54
respondentsaretaken for samplingand wecan seethat 30males,9 femalerespondents
who are joining this schemeto improvetheir Economic condition another side there are
10 males,5 female respondents who come to join this scheme for Income Generation.
Figure No.: - 9
Improve economic
condition
Income Generation
Male respondents 30 10
Female respondents 9 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Responents
ReasontoJoin On MGNREA Scheme

37. Table No: - 9 Bikna Village
Received the information about 100 days’ work
Sl. No. Received
information about
MGNREGA
Scheme
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 From Gram
Panchayat
19 19 35
2 From Neighbors 21 14 35 65
3 From friends
4 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table shows about the information of the scheme receive from. We can see that
there are total 54 female respondents from there 19 male respondents receive the
information about the Scheme from gram panchayat. also we can see that there are 21
males, 14 female respondents who receive the information from near neighbour.
Figure No.: - 9
0
5
10
15
20
25
From Gram
Panchayat
From Neighbors From friends
Responents
Recieved The Information About MGNREA
Scheme
Male respondents
Female respondents

38. Table No: - 10 Bikna Village
Knowledge about the MGNREGA Scheme
Sl. No. Knowledge
about the
scheme
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 Yes 20 5 25 46
2 A little 20 9 29 54
`3 No
4 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates the total knowledgeaboutthe MGNREGA scheme. Totalrespondents
are 54 Here and we can see that 20 males, 5 female respondents have knowledge on
their potential; also we can see after 20 males, 9 female respondents who has a little
knowledge about the scheme.
Figure No.: - 10
Male respondents
Female respondents
0
5
10
15
20
Yes A little No
Male respondents 20 20
Female respondents 5 9
Responents
Knowledge About MGNREA Scheme

39. Table No: - 11 Bikna Village
Information Received about the Scheme
Sl. No. Information
received from
Male respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 From gram
panchayat 27 6
33
61
2 From political
member 9
9
17
3 From
neighbours 4 8
12
22
4 Total 40 14 54 100%
Fromthe abovetableit providesthe informationreceives fromwhereaboutthescheme.
it showsthatabove54respondentsthereare27male respondents6femalerespondents
who has receive the information about MGNREGA scheme from gram panchayat and
about 9 male respondents and total 12 respondents who has receive the information
from political member and from neighbours.
Figure No.: - 11
27
9
46
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
From gram
panchayet
From political
members
From neighbours
InformationRecievedAbout the Scheme
Male respondents Female respondents

40. Table No: - 12 Bikna Village
Any Literate Persons in Family Works with This Scheme
Sl.
No.
Literate
persons
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes 16 16 30
2 No 24 14 38 70
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table shows that any literate person in the family works with the scheme. It shows
there are 16 members are literate person works with this scheme and there are 38
members both male and female members who has low literacy level in work.
Figure No.: - 12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Male respondents Female respondents
LiteratePersons works inFamily
Yes No

41. Table No: - 13 Bikna Village
Job Card Type of Literate Persons
Sl.
No.
job card
type
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Skilled 16 16 30
2 unskilled 24 14 38 70
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates aboutthe Job card type, job cardis two types in this Scheme; skilled,
unskilled. We can see on that table also the diagram indicates that there are 16 male
respondents who have the skilled job card and 24 males, 14 female members who have
unskilled job card.
Figure No.: - 13
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Skilled
unskilled
Job Card Type
Female respondents Male respondents

42. Table No: - 14 Bikna Village
Years holding the job under MGNREGA Scheme
Sl.
No.
Time period
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Below 7 years 11 6 17 31
2 above 7 years 29 8 37 69
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The above table shows that the time period of holding the job under the scheme. It
shows there are 17 male and female members who are work from below 7 years in the
schemeand thereareboth 37members whoareworkingabove7 yearsin the MGNREGA
scheme.
Figure No.: - 14
Male respondents
Female respondents
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Below 7 years above 7 years
Time PeriodHolding the Job Under the Scheme
Male respondents Female respondents

43. Table No: - 15 Bikna Village
Knowledge about male/female member’s equal payment
Sl.
No.
knowledge
about
Male respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes 40 14 54 100
2 No
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates the knowledge about male/female members get equal payment, it
findsthere areall membershavethe knowledgethat all male/female members getequal
payment in the MGNREA scheme.
Figure No.: - 15
Male respondents
Female respondents
0
10
20
30
40
Yes No
Knowledge About Equal Payments
Male respondents Female respondents

44. Table No: - 16 Bikna Village
Different between village and Workplace
Sl.
No.
Different
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 <5 km 40 14 54 100
2 above 5 km
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates the distance between village and workplace of the respondents, it
represents that 40 male and 14 female respondents have same response that the
distance between their workplace and their village is not too much its under 5 km.
Figure No.: - 17
40
14
Different BetweenVillage AndWorkplace
Male respondents Female respondents

45. Table No: - 17 Bikna Village
Response to get job within 15 days
Sl.
No.
Response
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes 40 14 54 100
2 No
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates from the days applying for work in the scheme the respondents got
the job within 15 days according to the rules of the scheme, here it represents that 40
male and 14 female respondents havesame responsethat they were got the job within
15 days in this scheme.
Figure No.: - 17
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Yes
No
Yes No
Female respondents 14
Male respondents 40
Responce ToGet Job Within15 Days

46. Table No: - 18 Bikna Village
Anyone received wages without working under this scheme
Sl.
No.
Receive
wages
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes 11 4 15 28
2 No 29 10 39 72
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
It represents anyone receives the wages without working under the scheme. Here it
shows that in accordance of the responders total 15 members who have received the
payments without working under the scheme.
Figure No.: - 18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Male respondents Female respondents
Yes 11 4
No 29 10
Responents
Receive Wages

47. Table No: - 19 Bikna Village
Have ever paid any money to any person
For getting job in these scheme
Sl.
No.
Paying money for
getting the job
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes
2 No 40 14 54 100
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates aboutever paid any moneyto any personto getthe job. Itshowsthat
all respondentswho havenot ever paid any money to any personto get this job or to get
per day work.
Figure No.: - 19
Yes No
Male respondents 40
Female respondents 14
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Responents
Paying Money For The Job

48. Table No: - 20 Bikna Village
Above BPL holder but
Holding the job card
Sl.
No.
Above BPL
holder but
holding the job
card
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes
2 No 40 14 54 100
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table representthat anyrespondentswho is aboveBPL now butholding the jobcard
on this scheme. Its shows that all members have BPL card and they continuing their job
in this scheme.
Figure No.: - 20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
MALE RESPONDENTS FEMALE RESPONDENTS
Above BPL holder but holding the job Card
Yes No

49. Table No: - 21 Bikna Village
Satisfaction Level with 100 days’ work, wages
Sl. No. Satisfaction
Level in work
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 Yes 5 4 9 17
2 No 35 10 45 83
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table describes the satisfaction level among work. There are 40 respondents are
taken to be sampling and sample from there we can find out 5 males,4 female
respondents who are satisfaction on their potential, and about 35male,10 female
respondentswhoarenotsatisfiedon their potential ortheir satisfactionlevel is too poor.
Figure No.: - 21
0
10
20
30
40
50
Yes
No
Responents
Yes No
Female respondents 4 10
Male respondents 5 35
Satisfaction Level In Work

50. Table No: - 22 Bikna Village
Panchayat Provides the Payment on
Bank Account Regularly
Sl.
No.
Payment on
bank account
regularly
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total
Percentage(%)
1 Yes 4 3 7 13
2 No 36 11 47 87
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table describes that does panchayat provide payment to the respondent’s bank
account regularly, then it finds and shows that total 7 respondents have receive their
regular wages yet another about 47 members who doesn’t receive the payment on the
bank account regularly.
Figure No.: - 22
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Male respondents
Female respondents
Male respondents Female respondents
No 36 11
Yes 4 3
Payment on Bank Account Regularly

51. Table No: - 23 Bikna Village
Problems Faced On Payment in MGNREGA Scheme
Sl. No. Problem
faced on
payment
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 Yes 36 11 47 87
2 No 4 3 7 13
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table showsthatproblemfaced on payment.Total 54respondentsforthis sampling.
We can find on the data that there are 36 males and 11female respondentswhomfaced
problem during their payment. Also there we can find 4 males, 3 female members who
have not faced any problem regarding payment.
Figure No.: - 23
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Male respondents Female respondents
Yes 36 11
No 4 3
Respondenrs
Problem Faced on Payment

52. Table No: - 24 Bikna Village
Visited Panchayat for Payment
Sl. No. Visited
panchayat
for payment
Male
respondents
Female
respondents
Total Percentage(%)
1 Yes 36 11 47 87
2 No 4 3 7 13
3 Total 40 14 54 100%
The table indicates about visiting panchayat for payment. From 54 respondents both
male and female we can find out that there are total 47 respondents who are visiting
panchayatt for their payment. Also we can find that there are total 7 members who are
not faced any problem regarding payment and was not visited panchayat office for this
reason.
Figure No.: - 24
Yes No
Male respondents 36 4
Female respondents 11 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Responents
Visitied Panchayat for Payment

53. Major Findings
The researcher made a survey with MGNREGA scheme of Bikna gram panchayatunder
Bankura Block II in the district of Bankura in West Bengal. The result of the major
findings is coming into exist in reality after Interpretation of data, the selected village
and all respondents areBPL (Below Poverty Level) category.
Some facts and actual field situation which came across during my data collection and
observation. Major findings aregiven below;
 While asking the question to the respondents who are actually job card holders it
was found that very few of them applying for jobs. weall know that MGNREGA is
a demand based work. Herethey do not claim for any job.
 During my data collection I saw that Maximum numbers of men who work with
this scheme.
 During my data collection I find that maximum number of respondents areSC in
category.
 During my data collection I find that all respondents arein BPL category which is
permissibleto work with this Act.
 During my data collection I find that many of respondents areworks in this
scheme for improvetheir economic condition.
 During my data collection, the villagers complained for the time of receiving their
wages. someof them told me it was due for 15 days and in some places wages
were not paid even for 3 months in guideline maintain that the wagepaid within
15 days of complete the work but in reality it not actual done.
 During my data collection it was clear that no one got all of work which works
permissiblein the MGNREGA Act. They got only 1 type of work while Act
provides 8 types of work.
 They did not get any work facilities like crèche, drinking water, shadeAccording
the Act there are he facilities to given so that the villagers must get several
facilities which are declared in the act but in reality there were no facilities of
crèche.
 Itis found that there was no provision for disabilities reservation in the job card
issue.

54.  The villagers had no sufficient work in accordanceof MGNREGA. So, their
economic condition had no improvethrough the works under MGNREGA
scheme.
 No provision was there for the treatment of laborers are getting injured while
working in the field.
 Labor at any job site werenot awareof the firstaid kits, through it mustbe
supplied.

55. Conclusion
From the above all It can observed that the village Bikna under Bankura district is poor
village till now,awarenessregardinghealth,job,quality of life isnot properlymaintaining
due to the reason of poverty. The education level is not so high among the beneficiaries
under my respondents taken for sample. The MGNREGA Act 2005 aims at enhancing
livelihood security of households in rural areas of the country by Providing at least one
hundred days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household
whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work. the process of
employment generation is maintained on a sustainable basis. MGNREGA has become
one of the most abused programmes, where everybody who is getting the chance to
make money is making. However now a day’s problem has been increase up regarding
payment, regarding work, now a days 100 days’ work are closed due to some planning
reason. Then somewhere there are the level of continuous 100 days’ work are totally
closed, another problem is regarding payment; somewheretheir payment care not fully
providedto the workersdueto this reasonthe workersfacedverycriticalsituation. Bikna
village is an agriculture proon village, MGNREGA scheme made a good success also the
Scheme providework to the villagers for a long time on the village but now a day it’s not
going too good.
it may be concluded that mostof the beneficiaries of Panchayatdon’t have proper
knowledgeabout the MGNREGA programmeand also panchayathave no proper
information about the payment to be give on to the workers account. Thejob
cardholders don’tget actual wageamount as per MGNREGA. Most of the respondents
do not have proper knowledgeabout the schemes, benefits available, etc. under
MGNREGA. Fromthe personalinterview it also came to the notice that a system
prevails to making money by supervisor, a supervisorcollects somejob cards who are
not attained on the working day but in his job card he attained and takes money for the
working days and imparting the money between worker and supervisor. Job card are
distributed as per the will of panchayatleaders. Hence, it is a big question that whether
MGNREGA is successfulin the studied circle or not, as mixed responses from
beneficiaries has been observed in the present study. If governmentactively monitors
all the activities under MGNREGA, there is a greater possibility that, knowledgeand
perceptions of beneficiaries will change in futuretowards MGNREGA.

56. Suggestions
 MGNREGA is a right based approach, so it mustbe providing all benefit to the job
card holders which are right of these persons. Thesuggestion given by the
student social researcher the economic and socialcondition should be improve
through a co-operation between panchayatmembers and villagers.
 The MGNREGA scheme should be proper implemented through fully effort
reflection of various Govt. institutions like Gram Panchayat Block office and
MGNREGA cell.
 MGNREGA scheme is world largest employment providing programme. But this
Act whether properly implemented or not this is only depending on
improvement of social and economic condition of villagers. so, proper
monitoring mustbe required under this Act.
 The awareness of the beneficiaries in this act must be required, the awareness
would help to the people to acquiretheir rights.
 MGNREGA is meant to be a sarkarischemeproviding 100 days’ employmentand
wages to the ruralpoor. somewherethere are problem regarding their payment.
so as a social researcher I suggestto gram panchayatmembers to helping them
providing on their 100 days working paymentin this scheme.
 MGNREGA is wageemployment programmeso the worker mustbe present rate
of Wages.
 Itcreates productiveassets in ruralareas.
 Supervision and monitoring process is exits in this scheme if it might be
strengthening more to works smoothly.

57. Chapter – 4
Appendices
Interview schedule
SL no.:
Date:
1) Name of the Respondent:
2) Age
a) 18-25yrs b) 25-35 yrs. c) 35-45 yrs. D) 45-55 yrs. e) 55-65 yrs. f) above 65
3) Sex
a) Male b) female
4) Religion
a) Hindu b) Muslim c) others
5) Caste
a) General b) SC c) ST
6) Education Qualification
a) <8 b) Class10 C) >10 d)>12
7) Does your family belong of BPL category?
a) Yes b) no
8) Do you have MGNREGA Job Card?
a) Yes b) no
9) Why do you join with MGNREA scheme?
a) To improve Economic condition
b) Income Generation
c) Others
10) How did you get the information about 100 days’ work?
a) From Gram panchayat
b) From neighbors
c) From friends
11) Do you know the entire rules & regulation of MGNREGS scheme?
a) Yes, b) no
i) If yes, then from where?
(a) From gram panchayat (b) From political members (c) From neighbors

58. 12) Any literate person in your family works with MGNREGS scheme?
a) Yes, b) no
i) Or He/she has job card type:
(a) Skilled (b) unskilled
13) Till now how many years you get job under MGNREGA scheme?
a) Below 7 years b) above 7 years
14) How much you are paid for per day work?
15) How much time it will take after completing the work?
16) Do you know the male/female members should get equal payment?
a) Yes b) no
17) What are the different between your village and your job location?
a) <5 km b) above 5 km
18) Do you get response whether you get job within 15 days from the part of approaching them?
a) Yes, b) no
19) Do you think that anyone receives wages without working under this Scheme?
a) Yes, b) no
20) Have you ever paid any money to any person for getting the job under this scheme?
a) Yes b) no
21) Do you know anyone who is above BPL holder but holding the Card?
a) Yes b) No
22) Are you satisfied with 100 days’ work, wages?
a) Yes, b) no
i) If no, then tell the reason …………….
23) Does the panchayat provide you the payment on your bank account regularly?
a) Yes b) no
24) Are you faced problems regarding payment?
a) Yes, b) no
If yes, then you were visited the panchayat office for payment?
a) Yes, b) No

59. References
▪ Mgnrega V2I10-0012.pdf
▪ wap.business-standard.com/article/opinion/10-years-of-mgnrega-how-the-modi-
government-was-forced-to-adopt-the-scheme-116020200266_1.html
▪ scroll.in/article/715781/when-modi-mocks-nrega-he-ridicules-the-80-million-indians-
contributing-to-the-nations-development
▪ http://www.mgnrega.co.in/critical-issues.html
▪ http://www.gktoday.in/problems-with-mgnrega-scheme/
▪ Soumya_Mohanty.pdf
▪ Rajaswa.pdf
▪ http://www.indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/mgnrega-is-unwell/
▪ nrega_guidelines.pdf
▪ MGNREGA_A_STEP_TOWARDS_INCLUSIVE_GROWTH.pdf
▪July_2012_mgnrega_impact_wage_and_work_relation_abhishek_thakur_march_2011
.pdf
▪ http://www.indianexpress.com/home/opinion/editorials/mgnrega-is-unwell/
▪ www.ijmra.us/../IJMRA-PSS1123.pdf
▪ www.publishingindia.com/issueand challenges of MGNREGA publishing
▪ iosrjournals.org/../F0191022630.pdf
▪ www.nrega.net/pin/reports
▪ http://www.indianyojana.com/rojgar-yojana/nrega-national-rural-employment-
guarantee-act.htm