International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Ala...ijtsrd
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MNREGA is one of the most progressive legislations enacted in India, since independence. That is a bold and unique experiment in the provision of rural employment in India. The economic development of women leads to better living standards in the family, educational, nutritional, and the health needs of the children were well satisfied. Women empowerment leads to sustainable social development. MNREGA scheme mainly focusing on the rural development and upliftment of the rural people. MNREGA has a great impact on women empowerment and the scheme has enlightened the women’s life. The Act provides they to work within the 5 kilometers of the village and it provides them an opportunity to work within their village and they can also able to look after their children. The main objectives of the study is to identify the initiatives of MNREGA and study its impact on the life of rural women and assessing the level of efficiency of MNREGA’s and to find out the problems in the scheme and provide adequate suggestions to improve them. Alappuzha district of Kerala has been chosen as the area of study, which comprises of three Taluks in revenue divisions namely, Ambalappuzha, Kuttanad and Cherthala. The main purpose of the study is to have a critical view of the impact of MNREGP and its effect on women empowerment. Multi stage Stratified Random Sampling Technique has been adopted for the study. The study concluded that 26.83 per cent of the respondents under the MNREGP in the study area are involved in formation of form pond and 26.66 per cent of the respondent involved in plantation of trees. Sarath Chandran M. C. | Jintu P. G. | Mitra Mani "Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Alappuzha District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30518.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30518/effectiveness-of-mnrega-initiative-and-its-impact-on-women-empowerment-in-alappuzha-district/sarath-chandran-m-c
Socio economic differential dimensions on health and educationA comparative s...inventionjournals
Abstract : The aim of this paper was to find out the association between socio economic status and health of
the individuals residing in Delhi. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the month of May 2014 in
five areas namely Trilokpuri, Sultanpuri, Seelampur, Seemapuri and Mangolpuri of Delhi. A total sample of 85
participants was conveniently selected from Medical mobile unit (MMU) of HelpAge India A semi structured
questionnaire was developed and pilot study was conducted to validate the tool. A written consent from the
respondents was taken. Kuppuswamy scale was used to calculate the socio economic status. Then the data was
analyzed using SPSS and MS excel. Results are represented as frequency, percentage and Chi-square test. The
study concluded that socio economic status and health as well as socio economic status and education has a
statistically significant association (p<0.05).
Public health posting as a motivating factor for medical students to work in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of a public health posting on medical students' motivation to work in rural areas after graduation. The majority of students reported their motivation as good or very good after the posting. Students felt positively about their public health knowledge, ability to work with colleagues, and perceptions of rural communities. The study concludes that exposing medical students to rural field work through a public health posting can help motivate them to consider rural practice after graduation by improving their understanding and perceptions of rural areas.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP study) regarding Kala Azar (Visceral L...Anant Dev Asheesh
This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Kala Azar in Sitihar village, Bihar, India. It found that 84% of respondents had not heard of Kala Azar. Of those who had heard of it, most cited mosquito bites as the cause and fever as a symptom. 73% used bed nets for protection. Major information sources were friends/neighbors and radio. While some attitudes were favorable, such as viewing it as more serious than malaria, most practices and knowledge regarding causes and transmission were inadequate or incorrect. The study concludes a high level of community awareness is still needed to effectively eliminate Kala Azar in the region.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Madhepura_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
An Empirical Analysis of the Empowerment of Rural Women Through Panchayati Ra...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper has attempted to investigate the political participation of the rural women and their actual condition in the panchayati raj institutions in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. The study is based on primary data which has been collected from the Elected Women Representatives of various blocks of Ujjain district(as per 2009-10 panchayat elections) and also to explore, whether the women have been empowered after getting a 50% reservation at the grassroots level. This study has also revealed that after connecting with the panchayat whether the level of women’s social status have increased or not and also analyse the impediments factors faced by the women in the working of panchayat.
TISS was established in 1936 as the Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work and was renamed in 1944 as the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. It was declared a Deemed University in 1964 under the UGC Act. TISS has 4 campuses across India in Mumbai, Tuljapur, Guwahati, and Hyderabad. The institute offers a library, IT services, hostels, medical facilities, and has a placement cell that saw companies like Accenture, Citibank, and Samsung as leading recruiters in recent years. Admission is through the TISS-NET entrance exam evaluating academic qualifications, written test, interview, and reserves seats for SC, ST, OBC and
Greetings from Tata Institute of Social Sciences!
We are happy to inform you that we are in the beginning of our placement cycle for this year and are glad to attach, an introductory brochure of the 2013-2015 batch of the School of Health Systems Studies (TISS), for your perusal. Like every year, class of 2015 is also represented by conscientious and skilled students that carry great potential and TISS is delighted to present them for placements this year.
This year our placement week has been scheduled from 13th December to 21st December, 2014. We request you to go through this introductory brochure (http://shss.tiss.edu/placements/placement-brochure-2013-2015/view) and contact us for registration and further clarifications.
Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Ala...ijtsrd
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MNREGA is one of the most progressive legislations enacted in India, since independence. That is a bold and unique experiment in the provision of rural employment in India. The economic development of women leads to better living standards in the family, educational, nutritional, and the health needs of the children were well satisfied. Women empowerment leads to sustainable social development. MNREGA scheme mainly focusing on the rural development and upliftment of the rural people. MNREGA has a great impact on women empowerment and the scheme has enlightened the women’s life. The Act provides they to work within the 5 kilometers of the village and it provides them an opportunity to work within their village and they can also able to look after their children. The main objectives of the study is to identify the initiatives of MNREGA and study its impact on the life of rural women and assessing the level of efficiency of MNREGA’s and to find out the problems in the scheme and provide adequate suggestions to improve them. Alappuzha district of Kerala has been chosen as the area of study, which comprises of three Taluks in revenue divisions namely, Ambalappuzha, Kuttanad and Cherthala. The main purpose of the study is to have a critical view of the impact of MNREGP and its effect on women empowerment. Multi stage Stratified Random Sampling Technique has been adopted for the study. The study concluded that 26.83 per cent of the respondents under the MNREGP in the study area are involved in formation of form pond and 26.66 per cent of the respondent involved in plantation of trees. Sarath Chandran M. C. | Jintu P. G. | Mitra Mani "Effectiveness of MNREGA Initiative and its Impact on Women Empowerment in Alappuzha District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30518.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/30518/effectiveness-of-mnrega-initiative-and-its-impact-on-women-empowerment-in-alappuzha-district/sarath-chandran-m-c
Socio economic differential dimensions on health and educationA comparative s...inventionjournals
Abstract : The aim of this paper was to find out the association between socio economic status and health of
the individuals residing in Delhi. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the month of May 2014 in
five areas namely Trilokpuri, Sultanpuri, Seelampur, Seemapuri and Mangolpuri of Delhi. A total sample of 85
participants was conveniently selected from Medical mobile unit (MMU) of HelpAge India A semi structured
questionnaire was developed and pilot study was conducted to validate the tool. A written consent from the
respondents was taken. Kuppuswamy scale was used to calculate the socio economic status. Then the data was
analyzed using SPSS and MS excel. Results are represented as frequency, percentage and Chi-square test. The
study concluded that socio economic status and health as well as socio economic status and education has a
statistically significant association (p<0.05).
Public health posting as a motivating factor for medical students to work in ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the impact of a public health posting on medical students' motivation to work in rural areas after graduation. The majority of students reported their motivation as good or very good after the posting. Students felt positively about their public health knowledge, ability to work with colleagues, and perceptions of rural communities. The study concludes that exposing medical students to rural field work through a public health posting can help motivate them to consider rural practice after graduation by improving their understanding and perceptions of rural areas.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP study) regarding Kala Azar (Visceral L...Anant Dev Asheesh
This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Kala Azar in Sitihar village, Bihar, India. It found that 84% of respondents had not heard of Kala Azar. Of those who had heard of it, most cited mosquito bites as the cause and fever as a symptom. 73% used bed nets for protection. Major information sources were friends/neighbors and radio. While some attitudes were favorable, such as viewing it as more serious than malaria, most practices and knowledge regarding causes and transmission were inadequate or incorrect. The study concludes a high level of community awareness is still needed to effectively eliminate Kala Azar in the region.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Madhepura_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
An Empirical Analysis of the Empowerment of Rural Women Through Panchayati Ra...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper has attempted to investigate the political participation of the rural women and their actual condition in the panchayati raj institutions in the Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh. The study is based on primary data which has been collected from the Elected Women Representatives of various blocks of Ujjain district(as per 2009-10 panchayat elections) and also to explore, whether the women have been empowered after getting a 50% reservation at the grassroots level. This study has also revealed that after connecting with the panchayat whether the level of women’s social status have increased or not and also analyse the impediments factors faced by the women in the working of panchayat.
TISS was established in 1936 as the Sir Dorabji Tata Graduate School of Social Work and was renamed in 1944 as the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. It was declared a Deemed University in 1964 under the UGC Act. TISS has 4 campuses across India in Mumbai, Tuljapur, Guwahati, and Hyderabad. The institute offers a library, IT services, hostels, medical facilities, and has a placement cell that saw companies like Accenture, Citibank, and Samsung as leading recruiters in recent years. Admission is through the TISS-NET entrance exam evaluating academic qualifications, written test, interview, and reserves seats for SC, ST, OBC and
Greetings from Tata Institute of Social Sciences!
We are happy to inform you that we are in the beginning of our placement cycle for this year and are glad to attach, an introductory brochure of the 2013-2015 batch of the School of Health Systems Studies (TISS), for your perusal. Like every year, class of 2015 is also represented by conscientious and skilled students that carry great potential and TISS is delighted to present them for placements this year.
This year our placement week has been scheduled from 13th December to 21st December, 2014. We request you to go through this introductory brochure (http://shss.tiss.edu/placements/placement-brochure-2013-2015/view) and contact us for registration and further clarifications.
This document outlines a research study exploring women's healthcare, hygiene, and government policies in rural India. The study will use primary and secondary data collection methods to examine patterns of caste-based discrimination in healthcare access for women and children in two villages in Palghar District, Maharashtra. The research design involves simple random sampling of 10 Schedule Tribe women and will take an exploratory, qualitative approach analyzing ordinal and nominal data. The objective is to study women and child healthcare and policies in rural India. Fieldwork will take place in the two villages and involve visiting castes including SC, ST, OBC, and SBC to understand if caste affects access to government-run healthcare schemes. The hypothesis is that caste
This cross-sectional study investigated the developmental stage of 900 children with disabilities registered at primary health care clinics in Malaysia. Data was collected from 2004-2005 using the Schedule of Growing Scale II to assess children's development across eight skill areas. Results found more boys than girls were affected, with mean developmental scores generally increasing with age. Children with delayed speech scored highest while those with cerebral palsy scored lowest. Significant differences were seen between ethnic groups for delayed speech and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
While various services under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) have been launched in Rajasthan and community participation promoted through Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC), there has been hardly any convergence achieved with the constitutionally mandated Panchayati Raj system in rural areas.
With support from UNFPA and Government of Rajasthan, PRIA intervened in this regard over a three year period during 2010-13. This Policy Brief analyses the results achieved and the efficacy of interventions deployed.
Situation assessment-and-analysis-of-women-children-youth-of-different-red-li...NAWAZ UL HAQUE
This document provides an overview and background on red light areas and prostitution in India. Some key points:
- Prostitution has a long history in India dating back to ancient texts from 300 BC. The British formalized it in the 18th century by creating designated "red light" areas.
- A red light area is defined as an urban area with a concentration of prostitution and sex businesses. They exist in many large cities in India but are difficult to study due to their clandestine nature.
- Studies of red light areas show prostitutes generally live in poor conditions, earn low incomes, and enter the profession due to adverse circumstances like poverty or family problems. Many support their families financially through
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Khagaria_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
The document discusses human resource management in public health. It begins with defining human resource management and outlining its key features. It then covers various functions of HRM, including managerial and operative functions. It discusses the different domains of skills required for public health workforces. There are three tiers of public health workforces - frontline staff, program management, and senior management. The document also examines HRM in public health in India, including health manpower needs based on population. It identifies challenges around attrition and emigration of health workers and strategies to attract and retain skilled workers in rural areas.
Migration and Agricultural Production: Analysis of Farming Communities of Lam...BRNSS Publication Hub
123 household from Madhya Nepal Municipality of Lamjung District was selected to study socioeconomic
trend of the remittance-receiving households and the effect of international labor migration in agricultural
activities management. Purposive snowball sampling technique and semi-structured questionnaires were
used. The study showed that majority of household heads were male (61%) and female (39%), were
involved in agriculture occupation. Migration is the major source of income followed by agriculture.
The main destination of migrant was gulf country, i.e., 81% followed by India (16%) and 3% were in
developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Major affected factor by migration was found to
be agriculture labor shortage (32%). Correlation showed that there is negative and significant relation
between migration and labor used (−0.216*) and change in cropping pattern (−0.275**). It implies that
migration leads to labor shortage which leads to change in cropping pattern.
A Study on Girl Children Working in the Household at Chittagong, Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH AND INFRUSTUCTURESaheli Roy
- The document discusses health facilities and infrastructure for weavers' communities in Santipur Municipality, West Bengal, India.
- It finds that health facilities are poor for weavers, especially for female weavers. Many weavers are unaware of their health needs.
- Data was collected through surveys in the municipality's 24 wards. It analyzed factors like availability of health centers, birth outcomes, vaccination rates, and more. Most data showed that while some government services exist, many needs are still unmet for the weaver population.
CPH snapshot of activities 2015-16 finalAayam Gupta
This document summarizes the activities of the Centre for Public Health (CPH) at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru, India from 2014-2015. Some key activities included establishing a public health observatory in Kolar district, running a Masters in Public Health program, conducting various training programs, undertaking research, and implementing community mental health programs. The CPH works to strengthen human resources, conduct public health research, support evidence-based policies and programs, and advocate for public health priorities to reduce the burden of mental, neurological, substance use, and injury-related disorders in India.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Gaya_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
IRJET- Financial Literacy of Women in Kerala: A Case Study of Kottayam Munici...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the financial literacy of women in Kottayam, Kerala, India. The study aims to analyze the level of financial literacy among women based on their socioeconomic characteristics, identify barriers to financial literacy, and examine measures taken to improve it. Primary data was collected through surveys of 120 married women. Preliminary findings show 35% of respondents were aged 41-50, most had a university education, and 59% were currently working. The full study examines financial literacy, behavior, attitudes, and knowledge among this group of women in order to understand challenges and opportunities to enhance financial inclusion and empowerment.
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kishanganj_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Pashchim Champaran_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Gopalganj_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Managing Human Resources for Health Module GuideSaide OER Africa
Human resource management is one of the key functions within the broader scope of human resource development. If you are or want to become a manager in the health services, you will in all likelihood have some responsibility for managing people.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kaimur_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document outlines a research study exploring women's healthcare, hygiene, and government policies in rural India. The study will use primary and secondary data collection methods to examine patterns of caste-based discrimination in healthcare access for women and children in two villages in Palghar District, Maharashtra. The research design involves simple random sampling of 10 Schedule Tribe women and will take an exploratory, qualitative approach analyzing ordinal and nominal data. The objective is to study women and child healthcare and policies in rural India. Fieldwork will take place in the two villages and involve visiting castes including SC, ST, OBC, and SBC to understand if caste affects access to government-run healthcare schemes. The hypothesis is that caste
This cross-sectional study investigated the developmental stage of 900 children with disabilities registered at primary health care clinics in Malaysia. Data was collected from 2004-2005 using the Schedule of Growing Scale II to assess children's development across eight skill areas. Results found more boys than girls were affected, with mean developmental scores generally increasing with age. Children with delayed speech scored highest while those with cerebral palsy scored lowest. Significant differences were seen between ethnic groups for delayed speech and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
While various services under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) have been launched in Rajasthan and community participation promoted through Village Health, Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC), there has been hardly any convergence achieved with the constitutionally mandated Panchayati Raj system in rural areas.
With support from UNFPA and Government of Rajasthan, PRIA intervened in this regard over a three year period during 2010-13. This Policy Brief analyses the results achieved and the efficacy of interventions deployed.
Situation assessment-and-analysis-of-women-children-youth-of-different-red-li...NAWAZ UL HAQUE
This document provides an overview and background on red light areas and prostitution in India. Some key points:
- Prostitution has a long history in India dating back to ancient texts from 300 BC. The British formalized it in the 18th century by creating designated "red light" areas.
- A red light area is defined as an urban area with a concentration of prostitution and sex businesses. They exist in many large cities in India but are difficult to study due to their clandestine nature.
- Studies of red light areas show prostitutes generally live in poor conditions, earn low incomes, and enter the profession due to adverse circumstances like poverty or family problems. Many support their families financially through
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Khagaria_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
The document discusses human resource management in public health. It begins with defining human resource management and outlining its key features. It then covers various functions of HRM, including managerial and operative functions. It discusses the different domains of skills required for public health workforces. There are three tiers of public health workforces - frontline staff, program management, and senior management. The document also examines HRM in public health in India, including health manpower needs based on population. It identifies challenges around attrition and emigration of health workers and strategies to attract and retain skilled workers in rural areas.
Migration and Agricultural Production: Analysis of Farming Communities of Lam...BRNSS Publication Hub
123 household from Madhya Nepal Municipality of Lamjung District was selected to study socioeconomic
trend of the remittance-receiving households and the effect of international labor migration in agricultural
activities management. Purposive snowball sampling technique and semi-structured questionnaires were
used. The study showed that majority of household heads were male (61%) and female (39%), were
involved in agriculture occupation. Migration is the major source of income followed by agriculture.
The main destination of migrant was gulf country, i.e., 81% followed by India (16%) and 3% were in
developed countries such as the UK and the USA. Major affected factor by migration was found to
be agriculture labor shortage (32%). Correlation showed that there is negative and significant relation
between migration and labor used (−0.216*) and change in cropping pattern (−0.275**). It implies that
migration leads to labor shortage which leads to change in cropping pattern.
A Study on Girl Children Working in the Household at Chittagong, Bangladeshiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH AND INFRUSTUCTURESaheli Roy
- The document discusses health facilities and infrastructure for weavers' communities in Santipur Municipality, West Bengal, India.
- It finds that health facilities are poor for weavers, especially for female weavers. Many weavers are unaware of their health needs.
- Data was collected through surveys in the municipality's 24 wards. It analyzed factors like availability of health centers, birth outcomes, vaccination rates, and more. Most data showed that while some government services exist, many needs are still unmet for the weaver population.
CPH snapshot of activities 2015-16 finalAayam Gupta
This document summarizes the activities of the Centre for Public Health (CPH) at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru, India from 2014-2015. Some key activities included establishing a public health observatory in Kolar district, running a Masters in Public Health program, conducting various training programs, undertaking research, and implementing community mental health programs. The CPH works to strengthen human resources, conduct public health research, support evidence-based policies and programs, and advocate for public health priorities to reduce the burden of mental, neurological, substance use, and injury-related disorders in India.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Gaya_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
IRJET- Financial Literacy of Women in Kerala: A Case Study of Kottayam Munici...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the financial literacy of women in Kottayam, Kerala, India. The study aims to analyze the level of financial literacy among women based on their socioeconomic characteristics, identify barriers to financial literacy, and examine measures taken to improve it. Primary data was collected through surveys of 120 married women. Preliminary findings show 35% of respondents were aged 41-50, most had a university education, and 59% were currently working. The full study examines financial literacy, behavior, attitudes, and knowledge among this group of women in order to understand challenges and opportunities to enhance financial inclusion and empowerment.
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kishanganj_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Pashchim Champaran_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Gopalganj_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
Managing Human Resources for Health Module GuideSaide OER Africa
Human resource management is one of the key functions within the broader scope of human resource development. If you are or want to become a manager in the health services, you will in all likelihood have some responsibility for managing people.
POSHAN District Nutrition Profile_Kaimur_BiharPOSHAN
POSHAN District Nutrition Profiles (DNPs) draw on diverse sources of data to compile a set of indicators on the state of nutrition and its cross-sectoral determinants. The profiles are intended to be conversation-starters at the district level and to enable discussions about why undernutrition levels are high, and which factors, at multiple levels, might need to be addressed to improve nutrition.
PLEASE NOTE that POSHAN is regularly tracking data sources as they are released and updating the profiles accordingly.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document provides biographical information about Gabriel Garcia Marquez and summarizes two short stories from his collection Strange Pilgrims - "I Sell My Dreams" and "The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow". It describes the suffering of women portrayed in both stories: Frau Frieda makes her living selling her dreams in "I Sell My Dreams", while newlywed Nena Daconte faces indifference from her husband and an unhappy marriage in "The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow". The document concludes that Marquez's female characters represent not just Latin American women but all women in facing suffering, whether single or married, with death often being their final destiny.
Overview of SNC Oil & Gas Middle East FinalJohn Jeffers
SNC Lavalin is a global engineering and construction firm with over 110 years of history. They have a large presence in the Middle East with 11 operating centers, over 8,000 employees, and have established themselves as a tier 1 firm in the region. SNC Lavalin provides end-to-end services for oil and gas, mining, power and infrastructure projects across their entire lifecycle from early studies through construction and commissioning. They have strong expertise in upstream production, pipelines, gas processing, refining, and LNG. SNC Lavalin aims to add value for their clients with their experienced multi-discipline teams and proven track record of project delivery, even in remote locations.
This document discusses the need for standards and security in technology as computers and devices become ubiquitous. It notes we are failing to ensure the trust people place in these systems is well-placed. It argues we should define best practices, implement reference models, provide guarantees to higher layers, have industry-wide organizations, and meaningful public review. This will help establish security as a standard rather than having companies differentiate on it. The goal should be making good choices to help usher in an era of ubiquitous information, not ubiquitous insecurity.
Impact of Pre School Education Program of Icds on Children in Rural Punjabinventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The document summarizes key findings from a baseline survey on reproductive and child health in Andhra Pradesh. Some key findings include:
- Antenatal care coverage was nearly universal at 94% across all districts, though a few districts like Anantapur and Kurnool had lower coverage around 83-85%.
- 63% of women registered for their first antenatal checkup in the first trimester.
- The median number of antenatal visits was 5.8 with 50% of mothers initiating care in their 12th week of pregnancy.
- Around 54% of mothers received or purchased 100 IFA tablets/syrup during their pregnancy.
195 place personnel & recollection three modalities on antenatal and new...ijtsrd
The involvement of CHWs in the state of UP has a long history since the 70s and currently it is the key strategy to percolate primary health care to the masses through the Front Line Workers like the Accredited Social Health Activists ASHA and the Angan Wadi Workers AWW . Dr. Tridibesh Tripathy | Dr. Uma Kant Prusty "Place, Personnel & Recollection- Three Modalities on Antenatal and Newborn Care Messages for Recently Delivered Women in Uttar Pradesh, India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30774.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/ayurvedic/30774/place-personnel-and-recollection-three-modalities-on-antenatal-and-newborn-care-messages-for-recently-delivered-women-in-uttar-pradesh-india/dr-tridibesh-tripathy
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Children’s Development is as important as the development of material resources and the best way to develop national human resources is to take care of children. The general standard of living, the level of education, and the financial resources of the country are among the factors that determine child welfare standards. India contributes to about 5.6 million child deaths every year, more than half the worlds total. Today child malnutrition is prevalent in 7 of children under the age of 5years in China and 28 in sub Saharan African compared to a prevalence of 43 in India. Under nutrition is found mostly in rural area and is concentrated in a relatively small number of districts and villages with 10 of villages and districts accounting for 27–28 of all underweight children. Keeping this in view the investigator conducted a study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding selected child welfare programme in India among the mothers of under five children in selected rural area at Lucknow. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY. To determine the association between the pre test knowledge scores of mothers with selected demographic variables. Mrs Monika Bhushan | Ms Sony Verma "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Selected Child Welfare Programme in India among the Mothers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60053.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/60053/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-selected-child-welfare-programme-in-india-among-the-mothers/mrs-monika-bhushan
Effectiveness of Hand Washing Education on Knowledge among Adolescence Regard...ijtsrd
Introduction Medical evidence suggests that contaminated hands are the main transmitters of disease. Hand washing is reflected as effective hygiene promotion activities for public health in the whole world. Aim This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of hand washing education on knowledge regarding hand washing and its importance among adolescence in selected schools. Materials and methods A quantitative research approach with Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used to conduct the study in selected schools of Uttar Pradesh. Non probability purposive sampling technique was employed to select 40 adolescence. A self structured knowledge questionnaire containing 30 items were used for assessing the level of knowledge among the subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results The mean score of the adolescence in pretest 10.2±4.1 is lesser than the mean score in posttest 20.2±4.3, t value 18.8 which is significant P = 0.001. There was an association found between the levels of knowledge among the adolescence with their mother’s education. Conclusion The study is concluded that hand washing education is effective to enhance knowledge among adolescence regarding hand washing and its importance. Attitude and practice of adolescence regarding hand washing also can be assessed in future studies. Bince Varghese | Shamil CB | Muskan Singh | Sumati Singh | Alka Pandey | Kamini Yadav | Rakhi Yadav | Rashmi Mishra "Effectiveness of Hand Washing Education on Knowledge among Adolescence Regarding Hand Washing and its Importance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30601.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/30601/effectiveness-of-hand-washing-education-on-knowledge-among-adolescence-regarding-hand-washing-and-its-importance/bince-varghese
This study analyzed infant feeding practices in ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) and non-ICDS urban slum areas in Lucknow, India. The study found that practices were generally better in the ICDS areas, which had received nutrition/health education, compared to non-ICDS areas. In ICDS areas, more mothers fed colostrum and initiated breastfeeding earlier. Introduction of complementary foods also differed between the areas. While practices were suboptimal in both areas, the results suggest that nutrition education programs can help improve infant feeding knowledge and behaviors.
The document describes an Infant Death Review (IDR) program implemented in two districts in southern India. Key findings include:
1) The IDR committee reviewed 566 infant deaths and discussed social, economic, and health system factors contributing to deaths, leading to improved prenatal care.
2) Common causes of death differed between districts, with pneumonia being most common in one district and birth asphyxia in the other.
3) Involving stakeholders at all levels in planning and implementing the IDR program provided a platform for collective learning and action to address impediments to the program's success and sustainability.
1) The document summarizes a baseline study conducted in Kabul, Afghanistan that assessed access to services for reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, and family-based violence.
2) The study utilized quantitative surveys of households and service providers, as well as qualitative focus groups and interviews, to understand knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to these issues.
3) Key findings included differences in marriage age trends between locations and age groups, with younger ages in some areas, as well as education levels, financial situations, and access to services varying significantly between the three locations studied.
This article presents the participation levels of the NSS volunteers' in National Service Scheme (NSS) activities in two
districts of North Andhra Pradesh. NSS is a central government scheme initiated to promote the student youth to work for
the community development which leads to building a better nation. This is a quantitative study, adopted the convenience sampling method and
collected the data from 842 students from these eight colleges through a structured questionnaire. The study found that 82.8 per cent of the
respondents actively participated in the regular activities of the NSS programme, 72.9 per cent of the respondents participated in the rallies of
awareness programmes. The study found that 78.3 per cent of the respondents participated in Environmental day, 70.9 per cent of the respondents
participated in International Yoga day, and 68.3 per cent of the respondents participated in Indian Republic day celebrations. The Covid-19
pandemic is one of the reasons for the reduction of the participation of the NSS volunteers. The functioning of the programme ofcers (POs) and
NSS units in the colleges are satisfactory. The students need more guidance from the POs and concerned authorities to increase more participation
from NSS volunteers.
This study examined the social relationships and health habits of children attending anganwadi centers in Kolar District, Karnataka, India. 224 parents of anganwadi children were interviewed. The results showed that parents had high expectations of anganwadi centers but were only partially satisfied with the services. Most parents noticed improved health habits in their children, but some cited issues like anganwadi workers not attending regularly or irregular food distribution. The study also found that while children were learning skills like alphabets and colors, anganwadi workers spent most of their time on nutrition and record keeping, leaving little time for educational activities. In conclusion, parents wanted more from anganwadi centers but were somewhat satisfied, while
This study examined factors that predict the use of sanitary napkins among adolescent girls in India using a multi-level analysis approach. The study analyzed data from a survey of 14,625 girls aged 10-19 years in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. The results found that use of sanitary napkins was higher among girls with more education, from wealthier families, and whose mothers had more education. Community-level factors like average education levels in the community did not significantly impact girls' menstrual hygiene practices. The study concluded that improving access to education, especially for girls and their mothers, could help promote better menstrual hygiene.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Status Analysis of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidayala KGBV in Ganjam Districtijtsrd
India is one of the largest democratic country in the world. It has a systematic education system which has a huge demand. But after 67 years of independence of India we are away from the goal of universal literacy. Till now, SC ST Woman rural people etc. are considered as deprived social group of our society in every side. They are suffering from a lot of problems and cannot go ahead of course. Government of India be either announces many welfare schemes for weaker section of our society time to time. These schemes could be either central, state specific or a joint collaboration between centre and state. Madhuchhanda Samantaroy | Dr Arundhati Rath ""Status Analysis of Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidayala (KGBV) in Ganjam District"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23358.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/other/23358/status-analysis-of-kasturba-gandhi-balika-vidayala-kgbv-in-ganjam-district/madhuchhanda-samantaroy
Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among the Lactating Mothers: A Cross...RHIMRJ Journal
Introduction: Early and exclusive breastfeeding is now recognized as one of the most effective interventions for child
survival particularly to address morbidity and mortality related to three major conditions i.e. neonatal infections, diarrhea
and pneumonia.
2. Aim: To study the infant and young child feeding practices among the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora of
Chandigarh.
3. Objectives:
a. To assess the prevailing breast feeding practices adopted by the lactating mothers of village Khuda Lahora.
b. To identify the barriers which lead to inappropriate breast feeding practices.
c. To examine the complementary feeding given to the infants and young children of the village.
4. Methodology: The study was conducted in the one of the randomly selected village Khuda Lahora of the “city beautiful”-
Chandigarh. The total population of the village is 3,476. There are 2,011 males and 1,456 females. There were 191
mothers who were registered in the sub centre of the village but only 167 participated in the study.
5. Results: The rate of exclusive breast feeding among the lactating mothers is found to be 22.7% and 46% of the mothers
have some prior knowledge of breastfeeding. It was found that 71% of the respondents started complementary feeding at
the age of 4-5 months. It is seen that 29% of the respondents gave diluted milk.
Early Childhood Care Education ECCE of Govt and Non Govt with Reference to Qu...ijtsrd
Early childhood Care Education ECCE is the focus in recent years because National Education Policy 2020 has made a major breakthrough by integrating it with class 1 and 2 to foundational stage. This stage has immense importance in terms of cognitive development of child.It is established that 75 per cent of human brain development occurs during early childhood period. The foundational stage is five years duration out of which 3 years for Pre school Anganwadi and 2 years for Primary classes.. The ECCE has direct impact on the all round development of children for which an equitable quality education at this stage can be provided by the existing ECCE program. Dr. Saroja Kanta Choudhury "Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) of Govt and Non Govt with Reference to Quality and Effective Models" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45210.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45210/early-childhood-care-education-ecce-of-govt-and-non-govt-with-reference-to-quality-and-effective-models/dr-saroja-kanta-choudhury
This brief outlines key findings of a study conducted in late 2016 and early 2017, though a partnership between the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) and Handicap International, with technical oversight from the Nossal Institute for Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
critical evaluation ICDS( integrated child development services)Shameem Ganayee
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is an Indian government programme that offers a wide range of services to children under the age of 6 years, such as food, early education, primary healthcare, immunization, health control, and referral.
Innovative Participatory Health Education ‘IPHE’ ™ An approach for QUALITY and RELEVANCE of health professional education
Dr. Khalifa Elmusharaf, PhD Researcher in health system & Policy
Head of Reproductive & Child Health Research Unit 'RCRU’
University of Medical Sciences & Technology
Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal: What We Know and Steps Going For...JSI
Presented by Leela Khanal, Project Director, JSI/Chlorhexidine Navi Care Program, at a USAID brown bag meeting on July 20, 2016.
The presentation shows the results of the recent Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) National Survey which was funded by USAID, UNICEF, and Save the Children, and conducted by Advancing Partners & Communities in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Population. It collected updated information on FCHV work profiles, the services they provide, and the support they receive from different levels of the health system. In addition, the survey set out to understand FCHV motivational factors, and how FCHVs are perceived by the communities that they serve. The ultimate goal of the survey was to identify possible suggestions for policy change or other strategies to sustain the FCHV program in Nepal.
A Brief Introduction About Hanying Chen_Hanying Chen
Vancouver-based artist Hanying Chen boasts extensive skills in writing, directing, producing, and singing, reflecting her diverse talents in the performing arts. As she looks ahead, Hanying is driven to craft a fulfilling career path that harmonizes with her deep passion for artistic expression. In the coming years, she envisions cultivating a balanced life, blending her professional aspirations with her desire to foster meaningful connections in her vibrant urban community.
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A03920104
1. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714
www.ijhssi.org Volume 3 Issue 9 ǁ September. 2014ǁ PP.01-04
www.ijhssi.org 1 | P a g e
A Study on Anganwadi Workers in Rural ICDS Blocks of Punjab Sarbjit Singh Kular* * Assistant Professor in Public Administration at Guru Gobind Singh College Sanghera (Barnala) ABSTRACT : Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) has been operating in the all districts of Punjab for decades.The present investigation was carried out to studythe profile of Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and to assess knowledge of AWWs and problems faced by them while workingat Anganwadicentres. For this study, all three ICDS projects; namely Barnala, Sehnaand MehalKalan ICDS project were selected from Barnala district of Punjab. The results revealed thatabout 43.33% AWWs were from the age group of between 26-35years, 36.66% of them were matriculation and only 20% workers had an experience of more than 10 years. AWWs have best knowledge about the component of immunization (54.66%) while least about referral services (16.66). The problems felt by AWWs were mainly lack of availability of infrastructure facilities (80%) and inadequate honorarium (73.33%). It is recommended that the existing training of AWWs needs to be evaluated and their continuous education strengthened. KEY WORDS: ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services), AWW (Anganwadi Worker), AWC (Anganwadi Centre), PSE (Pre-School Education), NHED (Nutrition and Health Education).
I. INTRODUCTION
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is one of the flagship programmes of the Government of India and represents one of the world's largest and unique programmes for early childhood care and development. It is the foremost symbol of country's commitment to its children, pregnant women and nursing mothers, as a response to the challenge of providing pre-school non-formal education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality on the other. ICDS was launched on 2nd October 1975, on the auspicious occasion of the 106th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation1.In the initial stages ICDS was implemented in 33 selected community development blocks all over India. ICDS has expanded considerably in subsequent years and at present there are 7076 sanctioned projects, 7025 operational projects in India and 155 sanctioned and 154 operational projects in Punjab2. Services under the scheme are being provided through a net-work of about 1331076 operationalAnganwadi centers in India as well as 26656 operationalAnganwadi centers in Punjab.The programmed beneficiaries are children below 6 years, pregnant women and lactating mothers for supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check ups, referral services. Women in the age group of 15-45 years and adolescent girls up to the age 18 years for health and nutrition education and children from three to six years of age are beneficiaries for non-formal pre-school education. All children below 6 years of age, pregnant women and lactating mothers are eligible for availing of services under the ICDS Scheme. Below Poverty Line (BPL) is not a criterion for registration of beneficiaries under ICDS. The Scheme is universal for all categories of beneficiaries and in coverage.Rattan (1997)3 gave details about genesis, growth, components of ICDS and described a package of seven services comprising supplementary nutrition, immunization, health check-ups, and referral services’ treatment of illness, Nutrition and health education and non-formal pre-school education which are provided under ICDS. The focal point for the delivery of ICDS services in an Anganwad-a child care center located within the village or slum area itself. An Anganwadi Centre (AWC)usually covers a population of 400 to 800 in rural and urban areas and 300 to 800 in tribal and hilly areas.Each AnganwadiCentre is run by an Anganwadi worker (AWW), who is a part-time honorary worker. She is a woman of same locality, chosen by the people and having educational qualification of matric or graduation in some areas. She is assisted by a helper who is also a local woman and is paid a honorarium.Thakare et al, (2011)4, revealed that Anganwadi Worker (AWW) is the community based voluntary frontline workers of the ICDS programme. Selected from the community, she assumes a pivotal role due to her close and continuous contact with the beneficiaries. The output of the ICDS scheme is to a great extent dependant on the profile of the key functionary i.e. the AWW, her qualification, experience, skill, knowledge, awareness etc.Being the functional unit of ICDS programme which involves different groups of beneficiaries, the AWW has to conduct various job responsibilities. Not only she has to reach to variety of beneficiary groups, she has to provide them with different services which include nutrition and health education, Pre-school education, supplementary nutrition etc. She also coordinates in arranging immunization camps, health check up camps.
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Her function also include community survey and enlisting beneficiaries, referral services to severely malnourished, sick and at risk children, enlisting community support for Anganwadi functions, organizing women`s group and maintenance of record and register.While performing various different types of functions, it is obvious that she might have to face variety of problems. Anuradha (1985)5 reported that 60% of the AWWs were in the age group of 15-24 years. 80% of AWWs were found to be undergraduates. 92% AWWs were trained and 48% of the AWWs felt that their workload was heavy. Kant et al. (1984)6 found that majority 92.71 percent AWWs could not tell full form of ICDS. Most of them (90.62%) could not enumerate all the services being provided and none could list out their job responsibilities..Rekhaet al. (1983)7 had reported that in spite of delivery of package by AWWs, the mother’s knowledge was poor in most of the component and it might be due to failure of AWWs in communication and imparting knowledge to the community. A problem mentioned by Nayaret al. (1999)8 in their study is mainly related to inadequate honorarium and infrastructure. Keeping in view the relevance and effectiveness of the world`s largest and most unique ICDS programme, present study was conducted to assess the profile of Anganwadi Workers, knowledge of Anganwadi Workers and problems faced by Anganwadi Workers while working in rural ICDS Blocks of Punjab.
II. METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the stipulated objectives of the present study, all three ICDS projects operating in Barnala district were selected. The ICDS projects so selected were Barnala,Sehna, MehalKalan. Further 10 Anganwadiseach from Barnala, Sehna and MehalKalan ICDS project were selected randomly. In order to reach out the ultimate sampling units, 30Anganwadi Workers(AWWs) were selected by selecting one worker each from sample Anganwadi. For collection of primary data, responses were elicited from the chosen sample through open and close ended questions in the schedule through personal interview method. Schedule were designed in English and for the convenience of the respondents it were translated in Punjabi which is common language spoken in the Barnala district. Besides this, secondary sources of information like books, articles, and newspaper clippings, articles in research journals, websites and reports were also consulted to collect the factual data concerning the study. The study was conducted during August to December 2012. The data from the total sample of 30 Anganwadi workers was edited. The data collected was analyzed manually and tabulated. For Anganwadi workers` knowledge assessment, a scoring system was developed. The knowledge assessment score from each AWW was calculated based on the response to a questionnaire containing 20 questions. The questionnaire was so designed as to contain question on every aspect of services provided through the Anganwadicentre. It included questions on different aspect of functioning of AWWs like immunization, pre-school education, nutrition and health education, referral services and supplementary nutrition. One mark was given for a correct response, while no mark was given for a wrong response of unanswered question. The knowledge of each AWW was scored out of 20. Workers with score of less than 10 were categorized as having inadequate knowledge, while those with score of 10 and above were labeled as having adequate knowledge.
III. Results and Discussion
Personal interview with Anganwadi Workers and observation generated important results and major onesare presented in the tabular form below: Table 1: The profile ofAnganwadi Workers.
Parameters
Number of AWWs
Percentage
Age group (years)
20-25 years
01
3.33
26-35 years
13
43.33
36-45 years
11
36.66
46+ years
05
16.66
Educational Status
Matriculation
11
36.66
Higher secondary
07
23.33
Graduation
08
26.66
Post-graduation
04
13.33
Job Experience
Less than five years
12
40.00
Six to ten years
12
40.00
Eleven to Fifteen years
01
03.33
Above fifteen years
05
16.66
Source: Called from primary data
In the present investigation as described in Table 1, it was found 43.33% of AWWs were aged between 26-35 years, followed by 36.66% AWWs aged between 36-45 years, some 16.66% AWWs of the selected sample
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were aged 46 years or more than 46 years and merely one AWW belonged to the age group of 20-25 years. Around 36.66% of the AWWs were educated upto matriculation. 26.66% of AWWs were educated upto graduation level. 23.33% of the AWWs had higher secondary education and only 13.33%of AWWs were educated upto post-graduation level. Almost 40% of AWWs had service below 5 years, again 40% of AWWs had 6-10 years of service, some (16.66%) had service above 15 years and merely one (3.33%) of the AWWs had service between 11-15 years. The wages for AWWs were meager, which may be reason that only(19.99%) had service of more than ten years. Table 2: Details of knowledge of AWWs regarding different services provided
Type of service
Total no. of questions asked
Total no. of correct responses
Percentage knowledge
Pre-School Education(PSE)
120 (30x4)
41
34.16
Nutrition and Health Education (NHED)
120 (30x4)
29
24.16
Immunization
120 (30x4)
65
54.16
Supplementary Nutrition Ration
120 (30x4)
49
40.83
Referral services
120 (30x4)
20
16.66
Total
600
204
34.00
Source: Called from primary data Pre-school education is one of the most vital activities of the ICDS Program. This focuses on the total development of the children up to 6 years. Children of 3-6 years have the benefit of non-formal pre-school education through the institution of Anganwadiset up in each village. The data presented in Table 2 shows that a majority (65.84%) of the AWWs did not have proper knowledge and awareness about pre-school education component of ICDS scheme. Nutrition and Health Education for Women has the long‐term goal of capacity building of women in the age group of 15‐45 years so that they can look after their own health, nutrition and development needs as well as that of their children and families. Nutrition andHealth education is delivered by Anganwadi workers through inter‐personal contacts and discussions at Aganwadicentres. But under the present study high majority AWWs have inadequate knowledge about NHED component.Children are considered fully immunized, if they have received one BCG injection to protect against tuberculosis, three doses each of DPT (diphtherias, peruses, tetanus), polio vaccination and one measles vaccine. In the present investigation more than half (54.16%) of the AWWs knew about the names of different types of vaccinations given to their children. With a view to improve the health and nutritional status of children, pregnant women and lactating mothers, the Supplementary Nutrition Programme has been included as the most important component of the ICDS Programme.The Table 2 clearly indicates that 59.17%AWWs did not know about the different nutritional supplements. During health check-ups and growth monitoring, sick or malnourished children, who are in need of prompt medical attention, are referred to the Primary Health Centre or its sub-center by Anganwadi worker .The data of study also proved that a high majority (66%) of the AWWs were not sure about referral services. Table 3: Problems faced by Anganwadi workers
Type of Problem
Number of AWWs
Percentage
1
Work overload
12
40.00
2
Inadequate supervision
14
46.66
3
Infrastructure related
24
80
4
Lack of help from community
17
56.66
5
Inadequate honorarium
22
73.33
6
Logistic supply related
14
46.66
Replying to the question about the problem faced byAnganwadi Workers at AnganwadiCentres, as Table 3 describes, it was found that work overload complained by 12(40%) AWWs, as their work involves daily home visits, a lot of record maintenance or they have to assist for other health programmes apart from their Anganwadi related work like in pulse polio programme, vitamin A distribution programme etc. Nearly half 46.66% AWWs viewed that Inadequate supervision from supervisors and C.D.P.Os was the main problem. Logistic supply related problems were complained by 14(46.66%), while 17 (56.66%) of the AWWs considered lack of help from community related to different activitiesof ICDS scheme as the major problem. As is evident from the data, 22(73.33%) workers complained of inadequate honorarium. A high majority24(80%) workers were infrastructure related due to inadequate space for displaying PSE posters or other posters related to nutrition and health education, space is not available for conducting recreational activities like outdoor
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activities, nuisance by animals entering into AWC. However, it is sad to see that majority of Anganwadicentres are not running in their building.
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the study clearly indicated that maximum number of workers 13 (43.33%) were in the age group of 26-35 years. About 11 (36.66%) of AWW were matriculation which is consistent with many other studies. Only 06 ((20%) AWWs were had an experience of more than 10 years. On the whole it was found that AWWs have best knowledge about the component of immunization (54.66%) while least about referral services (16.66%).In present study the problems felt by AWWs were mainly lack of availability of infrastructure facilities (80%) and inadequate honorarium (73.33%). However, it is sad to see that majority of Anganwadicentres are not running in their building. Based on the present experiences, the following are some steps that need to be taken for improve the knowledge and awareness of AWWs
All the AWWs should be given adequate training and re-training at proper intervals of time about all components of ICDS scheme in order to enable them to develop suitable skills for imparting different services more effectively at AWCs.
Some more avenues of promotion to a higher post should be created for AWWs. Some quota could be fixed in the ANM training courses for the AWWs who were matriculates and had worked satisfactorily for at least 5 years. This would work as an incentive and help the AWWs to get a regular government job with a much better salary.
REFERENCES
[1] 1Mamata, T and .Sarada D. 2009. Child Right, Discovery Publishing House Private Limited, New Delhi: p.6.
[2] 2Annual Report 2012-2013. Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India, New Delhi.
[3] 3Rattan, V. 1997.Integrated child Development Services Program administration, S.Chand and company Limited, New Delhi.
[4] 4Thakare, M.M. Kuril B.M. Doibale M.K. and Goel N.K. 2011. Knowledge of Anganwadi Workers and their problems in an urban ICDS block. Journal of Medical College Chandigarh.1(1):15-19
[5] 5Anuradha, K.1985. Assessment of Non-formal Pre-school Education Component of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme operating in Hyderabad, M.Sc. Thesis, Andhra Pradesh Agriculture University, Hyderabad.
[6] 6Kant, L. Gupta, A. and Mehta, S.P. 1984. Profile of Anganwadi Workers and their Knowledge about ICDS.Indian Journal of Paediatrics. 51 (4):401-402.
[7] 7Rekha, H. Udani, M.D. and Patel M.D.1983.Impact of Knowledge of Anganwadi workers on slum community.Indian Journal of Paediatrics. 50(403): 157-159.
[8] 8Nayar, D. Kapil, U. and Nandan, D. 1999. Assessment of community contribution to the ICDS scheme in district Agra: a case study. Indian Journal MaternChild Health. 10( 1): 4-5.