Challenges of Universal Health provision
Urban – Rural Divide Statistics
Current state of Healthcare in India
Change in consumer mindset
Milestones in Independent India
Way Forward in Health care
The purpose of this presentation is to equip audiences with the ability to:
Define universal health coverage (UHC) and understand the basic tenets of UHC
Identify how UHC fits in USAID’s health and poverty reduction strategies
Effectively communicate to country stakeholders how USAID can support a country’s progress towards UHC
Identify relevant UHC resources within the Office of Health Systems and USAID
The presentation is part of the “UHC Toolkit” and accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, and Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions.
Universal health coverage was established in the WHO constitution of 1948 declaring health a fundamental human right.The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.
The purpose of this presentation is to equip audiences with the ability to:
Define universal health coverage (UHC) and understand the basic tenets of UHC
Identify how UHC fits in USAID’s health and poverty reduction strategies
Effectively communicate to country stakeholders how USAID can support a country’s progress towards UHC
Identify relevant UHC resources within the Office of Health Systems and USAID
The presentation is part of the “UHC Toolkit” and accompanies Universal Health Coverage: An Annotated Bibliography, and Universal Health Coverage: Frequently Asked Questions.
Universal health coverage was established in the WHO constitution of 1948 declaring health a fundamental human right.The goal of universal health coverage is to ensure that all people obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship when paying for them.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare developed the National Health Accounts (NHA) in 2001–02 to support the governance of health systems and enable the design of more effective health policies. This report provides an estimate of the total health expenditure for 2004-05 (taking into consideration the launch of the National Rural Health Mission in 2005), and gives provisional estimates of the health expenditure from 2005-06 to 2008-09.
In the computation of NHA, the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) definition of health expenditure was adopted. NHA includes expenditure on inpatient and outpatient care, hospitals, specialty hospitals, health promotion centres, rehabilitative care centres, capital expenditure on health, medical education, and research and training. It excludes expenses on water supply, sanitation, environmental health and the mid-day meal programme.
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
“Function of a health system concerned with the accumulation, mobilization and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the people, individually and collectively, in the health system.” (WHO)
Revenue collection :
Taxation-most equitable system of financing
Health insurance contributions
User pays (out of pocket, no reimbursement)
Donor funding/Grants
This slideshow is about P4P model in health care and how it can transform the health care sector. It also talks about what is P4P it origin, budgeting methods, and how can it transform health care
Sri Lanka has achieved strong health outcomes over and above what is commensurate with its income level. The country has made significant gains in essential health indicators, witnessed a steady increase in life expectancy among its people, and eliminated malaria, filariasis, polio and neonatal tetanus. The Sri Lanka HiT review presents a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of the country’s health system, and the background and context within which the health system is situated. The review also presents information on reforms to address emerging health needs such as the growing challenge of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and serving a rapidly ageing population
Understanding the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and how can we reach it, both globally and also in India. The presentation also includes HLEG report , which is the proposed architecture for India's guide to reach UHC.
I am serving as social sector consultant and we are serving in microfinance, health, education, housing, agriculture, livestock, gender issues, women based micro entrepreneurs, human rights and many other fields.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare developed the National Health Accounts (NHA) in 2001–02 to support the governance of health systems and enable the design of more effective health policies. This report provides an estimate of the total health expenditure for 2004-05 (taking into consideration the launch of the National Rural Health Mission in 2005), and gives provisional estimates of the health expenditure from 2005-06 to 2008-09.
In the computation of NHA, the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) definition of health expenditure was adopted. NHA includes expenditure on inpatient and outpatient care, hospitals, specialty hospitals, health promotion centres, rehabilitative care centres, capital expenditure on health, medical education, and research and training. It excludes expenses on water supply, sanitation, environmental health and the mid-day meal programme.
Health financing within the overall health systemHFG Project
Presented during Day One of the 2016 Nigeria Health Care Financing Training Workshop. Presented by Prof. Tanimola Akande and Dr. Francis Ukwuije. More: https://www.hfgproject.org/hcf-training-nigeria
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
“Function of a health system concerned with the accumulation, mobilization and allocation of money to cover the health needs of the people, individually and collectively, in the health system.” (WHO)
Revenue collection :
Taxation-most equitable system of financing
Health insurance contributions
User pays (out of pocket, no reimbursement)
Donor funding/Grants
This slideshow is about P4P model in health care and how it can transform the health care sector. It also talks about what is P4P it origin, budgeting methods, and how can it transform health care
Sri Lanka has achieved strong health outcomes over and above what is commensurate with its income level. The country has made significant gains in essential health indicators, witnessed a steady increase in life expectancy among its people, and eliminated malaria, filariasis, polio and neonatal tetanus. The Sri Lanka HiT review presents a comprehensive overview of the different aspects of the country’s health system, and the background and context within which the health system is situated. The review also presents information on reforms to address emerging health needs such as the growing challenge of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and serving a rapidly ageing population
Understanding the concept of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and how can we reach it, both globally and also in India. The presentation also includes HLEG report , which is the proposed architecture for India's guide to reach UHC.
I am serving as social sector consultant and we are serving in microfinance, health, education, housing, agriculture, livestock, gender issues, women based micro entrepreneurs, human rights and many other fields.
Smallholders participation in contract farming and comparison with global exp...Devesh Shukla
Contract farming has the potential to improve the welfare of smallholders however it is not a sufficient condition for such improvement. Smaller farmers can be excluded from contracts because of selection bias by agribusiness firms awarding contracts to larger farms, be adversely affected by the second-round effects of contracts on incomes and prices and suffer from narrowing of markets that lie outside of contracts.
ANALYSING THE SUCCESS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION THROUGH SMALL COFFEE GROWERS CO...Devesh Shukla
Issues of marketing of and trade in Coffee assumes importance due to its export potential as well as the livelihood dependency of large number of small growers (98% of holdings).To help the small growers move up in value chain, vertical integration becomes a greatest measure. So, we are proposing a research to understand the success of vertical integration through cooperatives and the factors affecting the same.
Sustainability Science in a Global LandscapeElsevier
Science, technology and innovation have long been recognized as the basis for socioeconomic development. They are also core contributors to sustainable development and to meeting the SDGs. The UN has called for a “seat for science” on the High-Level Political Forum that deals with the UN’s sustainable development agenda, to ensure that “science is not just an observer but an advisor to policymakers.” This report is part of a broader, on-going effort to provide more evidence and analysis on the role of science, technology and innovation in the global agenda of sustainable development.
Read more about it on Elsevier Connect: http://www.elsevier.com/connect/sustainability-science-takes-the-stage-before-un-globalgoals-summit
Thinking about applying for Future Cities Catapult's Things Connected Open Call? These slides, presented at Digital Catapult's LPWAN meetup, provide more information on how to get involved.
Health workforce Statistics: Current Needs and Requirements
Introduction
Trained healthcare workforce is an important determinant of efficiency and outcomes of any health system as devised by WHO health systems approach. India one of the most populous country of the world has always felt a dire need of healthcare workforce even having one of the largest medical education and capacity building system. On the other hand we have a variety of health cadre namely from an ASHA to super specialized doctors. In our presentation we have critically analyzed the distribution of health workforce in India and its impacts on health and healthcare delivery for the mass of our society.
The Health Workforce in Nutshell
India faces an acute shortage of trained health workforce. India has a large basket of interventions to improve the healthcare but they are adversely effected by shortage of trained, motivated and supported health workforce. The shortages and misdistribution of health workforce have a large contribution to inequities in health outcomes. India’s health workforce is a combination of both registered, formal health-care providers and informal medical practitioners. We have a very unique health system with a large public health system and a blanket of juxtaposed private health care system. Similar situation is also present in training and education of health workforce. There is also a lack of data on the exact number of health care providers.
Issues
Quite a percentage of Indian population is spread in the rural areas but on the other hand the concentration of health care is in the urban system. The health care providers are highly concentrated in the urban area. Health worker densities are very low in rural settings when compared with urban areas. The next issue is lack of support to the health care providers practicing in the rural area and attraction of high income, support and provisions in the urban settings for the highly specialized workforce which includes doctors, dentist etc. At the national level, the aggregate density of doctors, nurses and midwives was 2.08 per 1000 population, which was lower than WHO’s critical shortage threshold of 2.28 .
Conclusion
In a concluding remark the production of health workforce has increased too many folds which has cost increased privatization of health education. On the other hand the public medical education system has not expanded at the required level. There is need to tap the potential in the private players with keep in mind stringent control of quality and cost. The increase in production is not going to resolve the issues of health worker availability and distribution. The need of the hour is to find sustainable measures to target the acute shortfall in the trained health workforce in India.
This presentation deals with advent of NRHM, backdrop of public health scenario prior to NRHM & discusses in details vision & core strategy of NRHM. It focuses on different schemes related to maternal & child health under NRHM with special reference to Maharashtra.
India -One of the largest food producers of the world.
India also produces a variety of temperate to tropical fruits, vegetables and other food products. Processing of food products plays an important role in the conservation and effective utilization of fruits and vegetables.
To provide the farmer with a package of inputs and services for optimum utilization of balanced primary nutrients; plant protection chemicals; water; seeds; post-harvest services; and to develop a genuine partnership with the farm.
DETERMINANTS OF MOBILE COMMERCE CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN MALAYSIADevesh Shukla
1.Background of the study
2.Objectives and Beneficiaries
3.Literature Review
4. 7 e-SQ Dimensions
5.Proposed Research model
6.Findings
7.Limitations
8.Conclusion
What is change management?
Activities contributing to effective change management
Soft and hard side of change management
DICE for change management calculation
What is volatile economy – Indian Situation
CASE STUDY – TATA motors
MGNREGA on rural employment and migrationDevesh Shukla
This report make by the descriptive study and for the collection of data use the questionnaires on the basis of objective of the study .By this report to know the employment status and migration status of a geographical area .
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdf
INDIA : TOWARDS UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE
1. INDIA : TOWARDS UNIVERSAL
HEALTH COVERAGE
DEVESH SHUKLA
APARNA .N
SWIKAR
HARSHAD
HEMANTH
2. AGENDA:
1. Challenges of Universal Health provision
2. Urban – Rural Divide Statistics
3. Current state of Healthcare in India
4. Change in consumer mindset
5. Milestones in Independent India
6. Way Forward in Health care
3. 1.CHALLENGES OF UNIVERSAL HEALTH
PROVISION
• Underinvestment in Healthcare and poor governance.
4.2% of national GDP towards healthcare wherein USA
has 18% spending.
• Emphasis on allopathic health systems and low incentives for AYUSH
medical systems.
• Privatization and less participation of qualified practitioners in public
health care system.
• Lack of quality health care in rural area which is now dominated by
informal medical practitioners and registered medical practitioners.
• Low proportion of women workforce in health care which affects
women’s access to health care.
4. CHALLENGES Contd
• Migration of doctors leading to capacity issues in quality health care,
research and faculty development
1,00,000 Indian doctors work in USA and UK.
• Lack of Effective payment mechanisms where 70% of spending are out of
pocket .
According to World Bank and National Commission’s report on
micro economics, only 5% of Indians are covered by health policies.
• Medical colleges curriculum emphasizes clinical education and practice
rather than public health care.
5. 2. STATISTICS
11.8
42
Number of Healthcare
workers per 10,000
Rural Urban
70
30
Private vs public
Private Public
6.5
0.5
Number of women in heath
care per 10,000
Urban Rural
8. 5.MILESTONES IN INDEPENDANT INDIA
Primary Health centre - 1952
Family
Planning -
1952
National
Health
programs -
1957
National Health
Policy -1982 &
2002
NHRM - 2005
Public Health
Foundation of
India - 2006
9. 6.WAY FORWARD IN HEALTHCARE – bridging
rural divide
Increase investments in health care for improving medical
infrastructure in
rural areas.
To increase the attractiveness of rural PHC by incentivizing
practitioners and improving medical infrastructure in rural areas.
Providing training and certification to informal practitioners to bring
them to mainstream.
Identifying ambassadors for healthcare region wise.
BRIDGING RURAL URBAN DIVIDE
10. Bridging rural divide - Contd
Medical extension workers and medical camps in rural areas to
educate people on preventive and social medicines.
Use technology and IT in healthcare to overcome access barriers
in remote areas and engage patients. Focus investments on India-
specific solutions.
This would boost the standard of living for doctors in rural India.
Rural medical colleges which is dedicated to serve the rural
population to be formed in every state.
11. WAY FORWARD IN HEALTHCARE – Women
participation
Increase the awareness of the critical role gender plays in health
systems.
Make the governance system more gender responsive.
Establish coaching and mentoring programs for women leaders.
WOMEN PARTICIPATON ENHANCEMENT
12. WAY FORWARD IN HEALTH CARE –
Governmental interventions
The government must set clear health priorities, clarify roles and
establish enabling incentives and regulations for stakeholders.
Rejuvenate AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga and naturopathy, unani, siddha
and homeopathy) and encourage private investment in education.
Improve the talent quality using a clear roadmap for governance
and continuing medical education (CME) for professionals.
Drive insurance adoption and reduce out-of-pocket expenses by
rolling out a universal healthcare-coverage scheme for essential
care. Provide government support for disadvantaged populations,
such as the elderly and low-income deciles
OVERALL IMPROVEMENTS