The document presents a comprehensive overview of data presentation methods, including tables, charts, graphs, and diagrams outlined by Dr. Athar Khan. Key learning objectives include describing various forms of data presentation and listing the advantages of tabular and graphic methods. Examples such as pie charts, bar charts, histograms, and scatter diagrams are included to illustrate how qualitative and quantitative data can be effectively visualized.

1. Slide 1
PRESENTATION OD DATA
Dr. Athar Khan
MBBS, MCPS, DPH, MBA, DCPS-HPE, DCPS-HCSM,
PGD-Statistics, PhD Scholar
Associate Professor
Department of Community Medicine
Liaquat College of Medicine & Dentistry
Karachi, Pakistan
matharm@yahoo.com
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‫الرحيم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫اهلل‬ ‫بسم‬

2. Slide 2Learning Objectives
• Describe the type of data presentation
• List the advantages of tabular & graphic
presentations
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3. Slide 3
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4. Slide 4
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5. Slide 5
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6. Slide 6Presentation of Data
• Data can be presented in many shapes: tables, charts,
graphs, diagrams, pictures and special curves.
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7. Slide 7
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8. Slide 8Presentation of Data
1.TABULATION:
• Tables are devices that are used to present the data in
simple form and probably the first and most
commonly used method for presenting information,
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9. Slide 9TABULATION
SIMPLE TABLE:
BLOOD GROUPS FREQUENCY
(COUNT)
PERCENTAGE
A 12 12.37
B 56 57.73
O 19 19.58
AB 10 10.32
TOTAL 97 100%
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11. Slide 11
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✓

12. Slide 12

13. Slide 13
 Frequency Table
lists data values (either individually or by groups of
intervals), along with their corresponding
frequencies or counts
Frequency Distribution Table
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14. Slide 14
Frequency Distribution Table
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15. Slide 15
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16. Slide 16
Class Interval
Lower Class Limits
Upper Class Limit
Class Width
Class Boundaries
Class Midpoints
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17. Slide 17
Presentation of
Qualitative/Categorical Data
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18. Slide 18
Pie Chart/Circle Graph
A pie chart is a circular chart in which the circle is
divided into sectors. Each sector visually represents
an item in a data set to match the amount of the item
as a percentage or fraction of the total data set. It is
suitable for 4 or 5 categories.
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19. Slide 19
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20. Slide 20
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21. Slide 21
Pie Chart
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24. Slide 24
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25. Slide 25
SIMPLE BAR CHART
• A graph consisting of parallel, usually vertical bars or
rectangles with lengths proportional to the frequency
with which specified quantities occur in a set of data
• Suitable for more than 5 categories
• The bars are separated by appropriate spaces
• The height of rectangle represents the frequency or the
magnitude.
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL

26. Slide 26
SIMPLE BAR CHART
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28. Slide 28
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29. Slide 29
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30. Slide 30
MULTIPLE BAR GRAPH
When each category of data is further subdivided into two
or more categories. Multiple bars are used to present the
ordinal data as well.
0
2
4
6
8
0 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 -
Age-group
Male
Female
Number of cases
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31. Slide 31COMPOSITE/COMPONENT BAR GRAPH
When there are more than 5 categories on X-axis
and they have further sub-categories
0 %
20 %
40 %
60 %
80 %
100 %
0 - 9 10 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 -
Age-group
Male FemaleProportional distribution by sex
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32. Slide 32
Presentation of
Quantitative/Numerical Data
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33. Slide 33
Histogram
A bar graph in which the horizontal scale represents
the class interval/boundaries and the vertical scale
represents the frequencies. The area of each block or
rectangle is proportional to the frequency.
Figure 2-1
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34. Slide 34
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35. Slide 35
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36. Slide 36Relative Frequency Histogram
Has the same shape and horizontal scale as a
histogram, but the vertical scale is marked with
relative frequencies.
Figure 2-2
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37. Slide 37Frequency Polygon
Uses line segments connected to points directly
above at the midpoint of the class interval
Figure 2-3
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38. Slide 38
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39. Slide 39Ogive/Cumulative Frequency Polygons
A line graph that depicts cumulative frequencies
Figure 2-4
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40. Slide 40Dot Plot
Consists of a graph in which each data value is
plotted as a point along a scale of values
Figure 2-5
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41. Slide 41Stem-and Leaf Plot
Represents data by separating each value into two
parts: the stem (such as the leftmost digit) and the
leaf (such as the rightmost digit)
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42. Slide 42
Scatter Diagram
Scatter diagram shows the relationship between two
quantitative variables .
A plot of paired ( x, y) data with a horizontal x-axis and a
vertical y-axis
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44. Slide 44
Scatter Diagram
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Y
Dependent
X
Independent

45. Slide 45Line Graph
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
MMR/1000
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Line diagrams are used to show the trend of events with
the passage of time.

46. Slide 46SPOT MAPS
8
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
9
10
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When statistical data refer to geographic or
administrative areas, it is presented either as “Statistical
Maps” or “Dot maps”

47. Slide 47PICTOGRAM
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Pictograms are a popular method of presenting data to
the “man in the street”.
Small pictures or symbols are used to present the data.
Pictograms are a form of bar charts.

48. Slide 48
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49. Slide 49
SUMMARY
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50. Slide 50
QUALITATIVE
VARIABLE
QUANTITATIVE
VARIABLE
Bar or Pie Chart Histogram, Frequency
Polygon, Ogive
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53. Slide 53
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HEADING
HEADING

54. Slide 54
THANK YOU
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