This document defines and provides examples of various graphic aids that can be used in reports to enhance textual information and understanding. It discusses figures, graphs, insets, charts, clip art, maps, diagrams, pictures, pictograms, side bars and tables. Specific types of graphs like vertical bar graphs, horizontal bar graphs and stacked bar graphs are described. The document also distinguishes between spot tables and reference tables and identifies the typical parts of tables like captions, rows, columns, stubs and spanner heads. The graphic aids aim to improve appreciation and comprehension of the topic being reported.

1. By: Prof.Mardelyn L. Dumayas
GRAPHIC AIDS
In Making Reports

2. GRAPHIC AID pertains to any form
of illustration like charts, pictures,
diagrams, maps, and tables that aim
to enhance textual information for
appreciation and better
understanding of the topic being
reported or discussed.

3. Kinds of GRAPHIC AIDS in Reports:
• Figure
• Graph
• Inset
• Chart
• Clip Art
• Map
• Diagram
• Picture
• Pictogram
• Side Bar
• Table

4. FIGURE an image or
representation of
anything by means of
painting, carving,
modeling, or drawing
to illustrate a
statement.

5. GRAPH
a diagram or curve
representing the
successive values of a
changing quantity.
Click to see additional types of graphs

6. Additional Types of GRAPHS
• Simple Vertical Bar Graph indicates quantity through the
extent of its height.
• Simple Horizontal Bar Graph indicates quantity through
the extent of its length.
• Stacked – Bar Graph demonstrates variations in values within
variables by emphasizing each
subdivisions of the bar.
• Positive – Negative Bar Graph shows a negative or
positive deviation from a
fixed reference point. The
bars usually extend up or
down from the reference
point.
• Multiple Bar Graph illustrates the comparative quantitative
areas at one time within a single graph
using shades or colors. Legends or labels are
used to identify variables so areas compared
should be maximized to four.

7. INSET
something set in or
inserted as a small
picture or map within
the border of a larger
one .

8. CHART
a sheet that gives
information in tabular
form or by graphic
representation.

9. CLIP ART any predesigned art
image that may be
copied or pasted or
imported into textual
presentations in order
to make reports more
attractive.

10. MAP - a representation as
on a paper of all the
parts of the earth or its
part.
- shows physical
features, political
divisions, distribution
of population and
others

11. DIAGRAM something marked out
by lines, outlines,
drawing, parts or
operation of
something, like a Venn
diagram that shows a
series of logically
interconnected graphs

12. PICTURE
a painting, drawing
or photograph of a
person, object or
scene

13. PICTOGRAM
a chart that uses bars
made of pictures
(Lesikar, 1988)

14. SIDE BAR - any textual or
illustrative
presentation the
supports the main
discussion
- Usually enclaved in a
border line or light
shades to distinguish
it from the main text

15. TABLE
- an arrangement of
words, facts,
figures, and the
like, in systematic
order especially in
columns and rows
reference.
Click to see types and parts of a table

16. TWO (2) Types of TABLES
• SPOT Table is an integral part of the text that is after,
before or in between the body of text.
• REFERENCE Table is positioned independently either near the
text, that is, at the right, or at the left side of the text to which it refers or in the
appendix.

17. Parts of TABLES
• CAPTION a heading, title or legend telling
what the table is about.
• ROW is a line crossing the vertical
information.
• COLUMN vertical arrangement of
information
• STUB any short projection usually through
line emphasis
• SPANNER HEAD main head of column
heads.

18. Thank you.
By: Prof.Mardelyn L. Dumayas