Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. It works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and increasing the body's sensitivity to insulin. Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues. Metformin is excreted through the kidneys, so renal impairment is a contraindication. Proper monitoring of HbA1c and kidney function is important when using metformin.
Sulfonylureas for Diabetes: A deep insightRxVichuZ
This powerpoint presentation solely deals with Sulfonylureas, that come under Insulin secretagogues. Their complete pharmacological profile, with pharmacovigilance parameters, important catchpoints and mnemonics have been explained.
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes MellitusNaser Tadvi
These slides contain the brief description of Insulin and the other oral drugs indicated in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Their mechanism of action, effects, uses, Adverse effects etc.
Diabetic drugs is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Interested in learning more about Metformin, here's all you need to know!
Brought to you by the MedSimple Team.
MedSimple is a unified medication management platform designed to help patients two or more meds through the following features:
• 1. A Med List to document prescribed and over-the-counter medications, dosage, frequency and strength
• 2. A customizable list of prescribers and pharmacies
• 3. Cost savings via coupons (Premium feature)
• 4. Generic Alternatives: Links to information about generic alternatives, fixed price (such as $4) lists
• 5. Long-term cost savings via Patient Assistance Programs and forms for requesting assistance (Premium feature)
• 6. Dosage reminders (such as alarms and notifications)
• 7. Refill reminders for picking up prescriptions prior to refill dates (Premium feature)
• 8. Drug information and complete look-up on drug side affects, interactions, warnings and more
• 9. Ready-to-use digital MedSimple Drug Discount Card
• 10. Access to and synchronized data with browser-based partner site, MedSimpleApp.com
Slide Presentation
Diabetes Melliuts Type 2 management basics are life style modifications followed by use of Metformin
What is the best and safest next pharmacologic choice
Sulfonylureas for Diabetes: A deep insightRxVichuZ
This powerpoint presentation solely deals with Sulfonylureas, that come under Insulin secretagogues. Their complete pharmacological profile, with pharmacovigilance parameters, important catchpoints and mnemonics have been explained.
Drugs for treatment of Diabetes MellitusNaser Tadvi
These slides contain the brief description of Insulin and the other oral drugs indicated in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Their mechanism of action, effects, uses, Adverse effects etc.
Diabetic drugs is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...
Interested in learning more about Metformin, here's all you need to know!
Brought to you by the MedSimple Team.
MedSimple is a unified medication management platform designed to help patients two or more meds through the following features:
• 1. A Med List to document prescribed and over-the-counter medications, dosage, frequency and strength
• 2. A customizable list of prescribers and pharmacies
• 3. Cost savings via coupons (Premium feature)
• 4. Generic Alternatives: Links to information about generic alternatives, fixed price (such as $4) lists
• 5. Long-term cost savings via Patient Assistance Programs and forms for requesting assistance (Premium feature)
• 6. Dosage reminders (such as alarms and notifications)
• 7. Refill reminders for picking up prescriptions prior to refill dates (Premium feature)
• 8. Drug information and complete look-up on drug side affects, interactions, warnings and more
• 9. Ready-to-use digital MedSimple Drug Discount Card
• 10. Access to and synchronized data with browser-based partner site, MedSimpleApp.com
Slide Presentation
Diabetes Melliuts Type 2 management basics are life style modifications followed by use of Metformin
What is the best and safest next pharmacologic choice
EVALUATION OF GLYCEMIC RESPONSE OF ADDITION OF PIOGLITAZONE TO GLIBENCLAMIDE...Nani Karnam Vinayakam
Retrospective study of Antidiabetic drugs in Diabetes Mellitus patients. It help in for Pharmacy graduates, Pharm D Students, M Pharm -pharmacy practice students , hospital pharmacists & Clinical Pharmacists around the globe.
What are the Risks of Metformin and Glucophage Diabetic Medications? Vitamin B12 deficiency, Alzheimers Disease and mental changes all from the antidiabetic medications metformin and glucophage.
Anti-diabetic Therapies, Strategies for Diabetes Management, and Advancement ...PriyankaKilaniya
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) stands as a prominent metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin activity and/or secretion, leading to various pathological complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular issues. This review delves into the intricacies of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), exploring its sub-types, conventional treatment modalities, and the emerging role of nanotechnology in revolutionizing drug delivery for improved therapeutic outcomes. Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus manifests through aberrations in insulin dynamics, leading to hyperglycemia and subsequent tissue damage. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for devising effective therapeutic strategies. Classification of Diabetes Mellitus is broadly categorized into Type 1 and Type 2, each with distinct etiological factors and treatment approaches. Type 1 DM necessitates insulin replacement therapy, whereas Type 2 DM is primarily managed through oral hypoglycemic agents. Insulin replacement therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for Type 1 DM. It involves administering exogenous insulin to mimic the physiological insulin secretion that is deficient in individuals with T1DM. This aims to maintain blood glucose levels within a normal range to prevent acute as well as long-term complications. Drug therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : The pharmacological armamentarium for Type 2 DM includes Insulin Secretagogues, Biguanides, Insulin Sensitizers, α-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Incretin Mimetics, Amylin Antagonists, and SGLT2 Inhibitors. The Complex pathophysiology of DM demands innovatives therapeutic approaches to enhance drug efficacy and patient adherence. Nanotechology offers promising solutions by enabling targeted drug delivery, improved bioavailability, and reduced dosing frequency. Clinical Implications and Future Perspectives Nanotechnology holds immense potential in revolutionizing diabetes management by addressing the limitations of conventional therapies and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Future research endeavors should focus on translational studies to validate the clinical utility of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. In Conclusion, the integration of nanotechnology into Diabetes management offers a paradigm shift in therapeutic approaches, promising targeted drug delivery, improved bioavailability, and enhanced patient outcomes. Continued research and development in this field are imperative to realize the full potential of nanotechnology in combating the global burden of Diabetes Mellitus. In this article, we endeavor to delve into the pathophysiolgy of Diabetes Mellitus (DM), traditional treatment methods for both Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) diabetes, alongside innovative drug delivery strategies for managing Diabetes Mellitus.
Includes Information about Pharmacotherapeutic of Diabetes Mellitus, all details about etiology, Pathophysiology, pharmacology, treatment, current clinical trials on DM etc.
Non-pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus.pptxSamson Ojedokun
Diabetes mellitus DM, is a metabolic disorder of biomolecules characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin synthesis or utilization or both
DM requires lifelong therapy. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to control glycemia, as well as to limit the development of its devastating complications and manage such complications when they do occur.
Increases cost of living and reduces life expectancy
Prospects of incretin mimetics in therapeuticsDr Sukanta sen
Comparative trials show that there are important differences between
and among the GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors with
respect to glycemic lowering, weight effects, and effects on systolic
blood pressure and the lipid profile.
•Nausea, diarrhea, headaches, and dizziness are common with the
available GLP-1 receptor agonists.
•Upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, and headaches
are common with the DPP-4 inhibitors.
•Ongoing safety evaluations should provide a clear picture regarding
long-term safety.
ABSTRACT
Over the last decade, diabetes mellitus has emerged as an important clinical and public health
problem throughout the world. The aim of the study is perceive the Potentiality of a newer oral
Antihyperglycemic combination therapy over conventional therapy in type 2 diabetes. The
prospective study was conducted over a period of six months in the department of Medicine,
Guntur City Hospital. The prevalence of type2 diabetes was high in male 65.79 % than female
34.21%. Majority of the patients (23.68 %) belonged to age group of 51–55 years. Majority of
patients (55.26%) having a family history of Diabetes. Majority of patients receiving Combination
of Glibenclamide + Metformin (60.53%), evaluated for effect on FPG for both combinations. The
mean changes in FPG were noted. In the same way effect on HbA1c also noted. Mean changes in
for every month HbA1c will be noted. Our study reveals that Combination therapy with Metformin
plus Glimepiride is more effective than Glibenclamide plus Metformin; in improving glycemic
control in type 2 diabetes, while also allowing a reduction of the dosage of each drug.
Obesity context of type 2 diabetes and medication perspectivesApollo Hospitals
Drug therapy of obesity has harsh antecedent that many earlier introduced drugs are withdrawn from market. The drugs in present use lack sufficient long-term efficacy and safety data. The difficulty of reversing changing dietary habits and decline in physical activity, however, offers major scope for anti-obesity therapeutics, implied in managing the epidemic chronic inflammatory maladies and cardiovascular sequel. Metabolic syndrome, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus, commonly associate with obesity. Weight reduction is crucial to prevent and control type 2 diabetes. This emphasizes rational choice of therapeutic regimens that do not themselves cause weight gain, and better promote weight loss. Such an aspect is addressed briefly focusing upon the available newer anti-obesity drug options, in particular.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. › Prevalence
– Affects 24 million people in the United States
› Pathophysiology
– Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 involves insulin resistance and elevated
glucose production by the liver.
› Blood glucose levels are elevated which triggers the pancreas to release insulin
› Insulin is released and is unable to attach to the cells where the sugar is
circulating
› This causes the patient to have an elevated blood glucose levels.
› Over time the pancreas gets tired of making insulin and eventually wears out
resulting in a diagnosis of diabetes type 2. (2)
Pathophysiological Condition Treated
3. › Classified as a biguanide
› Drug of choice for diabetes type 2
– Does not cause hypoglycemia
– Works by inhibiting the glucose production in the liver and decreases
the patient’s resistance to insulin throughout the body
– Allows insulin to attach to the cells causing a decrease in blood sugar
levels
› Can be used alone or in combination with other oral
medications or insulin. (2)
Intended Drug Response
4. › Many possible drug-to-drug interactions with metformin
– Can range from minor to severe
– Severe reaction can occur with:
› Gatifloxacin
› Radiographic contrast agents
› Dofetilide
› Ranolazine
› Topiramate (3)
Potential Interactions
6. › The most common side effect: gastrointestinal upset
› Other side effects include:
– Chest pain
– Elevated hepatic enzymes
– Hepatitis
– Hypoglycemia
– Lactic acidosis
– Vitamin B12 deficiency
– Nausea/vomiting
– Weight loss
– Infection(3)
Side Effects
7. › Oral Medication
› Supplied in a regular-release form, oral suspension, and extended-
release form
– Doses range from 500mg-2000mg
› Absorbed through the GI tissue
› Excreted through the kidneys
› Is NOT metabolized by the liver
› Important to monitor HbA1c and kidney function
› Only special consideration is in the elderly
– Due to decreased renal function as people age
› Half-life: 6 hours in plasma and 17 hours in the blood system (3)
Pharmacokinetics
8. › Does not bind to the hepatic or plasma proteins in the
patient’s body
› Competes with other positively charged ions to get excreted
by the kidneys
› If unable to eliminate through a pathway in the kidneys,
medication remains in circulation in the kidneys which is
where damage can occur.(5)
Drug Binding Issues
9. › Working together as a team
› Improving patient outcomes through communication and
patient advocacy
› Collaborating as a healthcare team for the common good of
the patient
Improving Communication
10. › Educating patients on disease process and ways to prevent
exacerbations
› Collaborating with physicians, advanced practice nurses,
pharmacists, and other members of the healthcare team.
› Advocating for the patient and promoting a healthy lifestyle.
Application to Practice
11. 1. A step in the path toward personalized medicine. The Journal of Clinical
Investigation, 117, 1226-1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI32133
2. Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (2013). Diabetes mellitus. In V. F. Wilbur
(Ed.), Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach (3rd
ed. (pp. 696-714). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
3. Clinical Pharmacology. (2015). In Metformin. Retrieved from
https://www.clinicalpharmacology.com/
4. Pawlyk, A. C., Giacomini, K. M., McKeon, C., Shuldiner, A. R., & Florez, J. C.
(2014). Metformin pharmacogenomics: Current status and future directions.
Diabetes, 63, 2590-2599. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db13-1367
5. Triplitt, C. (2006, November 4). Drug interactions of medications commonly
used in diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 19, 202-211.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diaspect.19.4.202
References
