1. The document describes the formulation and evaluation of prolonged release metformin hydrochloride tablets. Tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation methods using polymers like Polyox-303 to sustain the release of the drug.
2. Tablets were evaluated for pre-compression and post-compression parameters. In-vitro dissolution and stability studies showed that the formulations had a controlled release of the drug over an extended period of time.
3. The optimized formulation was stable for 1 month under accelerated conditions as per ICH guidelines.
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with the types of parenteral formulation including the types of parenteral route for administration along withcomponents of parenteral formulation.
Thank you for reading.
Hope it was of help to you.
UIPS,PU team
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with the types of parenteral formulation including the types of parenteral route for administration along withcomponents of parenteral formulation.
Thank you for reading.
Hope it was of help to you.
UIPS,PU team
A review on waiving in vivo bioequivalence tests or Biovaiwer, with a case review on the biowaiver monograph on Ibuprofen by H. POTTHAST, J.B. DRESSMAN, H.E. JUNGINGER, K.K. MIDHA, H. OESER, V.P. SHAH,
H. VOGELPOEL, D.M. BARENDS
in J Pharm Sci 94:2121–2131, 2005
Explaining different approaches to waive different BCS class medicines based on their solubility and permeability, as is described by FDA and WHO
DISSOLUTION
Dissolution is defined as a process in which a solid substance solubilises in a given solvent.
(i.e. mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.)
Three Theories:
Diffusion layer model / Film theory
Danckwert’s model / Penetration or Surface renewal theory
Interfacial barrier model / Double barrier or Limited solvation theory
United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) The establishment of a rational relationship between a biological property, or a parameter derived from a biological property produced by a dosage form, and a physicochemical property or characteristic of the same dosage form.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) definition IVIVC is a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in vitro property of a dosage form and a relevant in vivo response. Generally, the in vitro property is the rate or extent of drug dissolution or release while the in vivo response is the plasma drug concentration or amount of drug absorbed.
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
An in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) has been defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo response".
A review on waiving in vivo bioequivalence tests or Biovaiwer, with a case review on the biowaiver monograph on Ibuprofen by H. POTTHAST, J.B. DRESSMAN, H.E. JUNGINGER, K.K. MIDHA, H. OESER, V.P. SHAH,
H. VOGELPOEL, D.M. BARENDS
in J Pharm Sci 94:2121–2131, 2005
Explaining different approaches to waive different BCS class medicines based on their solubility and permeability, as is described by FDA and WHO
DISSOLUTION
Dissolution is defined as a process in which a solid substance solubilises in a given solvent.
(i.e. mass transfer from the solid surface to the liquid phase.)
Three Theories:
Diffusion layer model / Film theory
Danckwert’s model / Penetration or Surface renewal theory
Interfacial barrier model / Double barrier or Limited solvation theory
United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) The establishment of a rational relationship between a biological property, or a parameter derived from a biological property produced by a dosage form, and a physicochemical property or characteristic of the same dosage form.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) definition IVIVC is a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in vitro property of a dosage form and a relevant in vivo response. Generally, the in vitro property is the rate or extent of drug dissolution or release while the in vivo response is the plasma drug concentration or amount of drug absorbed.
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
An in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) has been defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "a predictive mathematical model describing the relationship between an in-vitro property of a dosage form and an in-vivo response".
Interested in learning more about Metformin, here's all you need to know!
Brought to you by the MedSimple Team.
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Monitoring the effectiveness of risk minimisation in patients treated with pi...Valeria Antonella Aguirre
1. BACKGROUND
2. OBJECTIVES
3. METHODS
3.1 SOURCE POPULATION AND STUDY POPULATION
3.2 STUDY DESIGN AND STUDY PERIOD
3.3 EXPOSURE
3.4 ENDPOINTS
3.5 ANALYSIS PLAN
4. LIMITATIONS
5. QUALITY ASSURANCE, FEASIBILITY AND REPORTING
5.1 DATA STORAGE
5.2 METHODS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE
5.3 DATA QUALITY
5.4 FEASIBILITY AND TIMELINES
5.5 REPORTING AND DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS
5.6 AMENDMENTS
5.7 INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF STUDY RESULTS
6. ETHICAL ISSUES
7. DATA SOURCES
8. REFERENCES
The Metformin HCL Gastroretentive Floating Sustained released Tablet is formulated by the Wet Granulation technique. This Tablet is containing both Effervescent as well as Non Effervescent system. The HPMC K 100 Swellable polymer is responsible for the Floating. (Non Effervescent system) and The Sodium Bicarbonate is responsible for
the effervescent system. A combination of HPMC K 100 and Xanthum Gum shows better sustained release activity. The Prepared Gastroretentive Floating Sustained released Tablet is Evaluated In terms of bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Carr’s Index and, weight variation test, friability test and in vitro study, Total Floating Time. The result associated in Optimized batch is good to Satisfactory and having a good free flowing property. The weight variation and friability these values are within the pharmacopeia limit. The in vitro Dissolution studies shows Maximum percentage of release of drug (99.25) with in end of 8 Hours.
ABSTRACT
Hyperglycemia is the technical term for high blood glucose (sugar). It
happens when the body has too little or not enough insulin or when the
body can‘t use insulin properly. The main objective of the present
research work was to develop a bilayer tablet of immediate release
Pioglitazone and controlled release Metformin Hydrochloride, which is
used as an Anti-hyperglycemic agent. Metformin Hydrochloride has
biological half-life nearly about 6 hours, so, an attempt was made in
the direction of preparation and optimization of a combination of
sustained release and immediate release in a single tablet. In controlled
release layer natural gums like xanthum gum, gum trgacanth and guar
gum were used as retarding materials and in immediate release laye
croscarmellose sodium was used as a superdisintegrent to give the faster release of
pioglitazone. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and by direct
compression. Granules were evaluated for precompression parameters and the tablets were
evaluated for post compression parameters.
Key Words: Bilayer tablets, Metformin Hydrochloride, pioglitazone, xanthum gum, guar
gum, gum tragacanth and crosscarmellose sodium.
Effervescent technique in development of floating tablets for antiviral drugsSriramNagarajan19
The purpose of this investigation was to prepare a regiospesific drug delivery system of Stavudine. Floating tablets of Stavudine were prepared by direct compression method employing different concentration of HPMC K15M by effervescent technique. Sodium bicarbonate was incorporated as a gas-generating agent. The floating tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, hardness, friability, drug content, swelling studies, in vitro buoyancy and dissolution studies. The effect of different concentration of HPMC K15M on drug release profile and floating properties was investigated. The prepared tablets exhibited satisfactory physico-chemical characteristics. All the prepared batches showed good in vitro buoyancy. The tablet swelled radially and axially during in vitro buoyancy studies. It was observed that the tablet remained buoyant for more than 12 hours. Increased in the HPMC K15M level, decreased the floating lag time but tablets floated for longer duration. The formulation with 1:1 drug: Polymer ratios were found to float for longer duration as compared with other formulations containing HPMC K15M. The drug release from the tablets was sufficiently sustained and non-Fickian transport of the drug from tablets was confirmed.
The dossier is a collection of documents that contain all the technical data of pharmaceutical products to be approved\ registered\ marketed in a country.
Formulation and evaluation of nanoparticles as a drug delivery systems Tarun Kumar Reddy
Nanomaterials fall into a size range similar to proteins and other macromolecular structures found inside living cells. As such, nanomaterials are poised to take advantage of existing cellular machinery to facilitate the delivery of drugs. Nanoparticles containing encapsulated, dispersed, absorbed or conjugated drugs have unique characteristics that can lead to enhanced performance in a variety of dosage forms.
National Drug Policy shall focus on effective drug management processes, such as rational drug selection, proper quantification of drug needs at all levels of health care delivery, and effective procurement practices.
The Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) was a law passed by the United States Congress in1992 which allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to collect fees from drug manufacturers to fund the new drug approval process.
PDUFA has had a significant role in modern drug review at FDA. Before PDUFA, FDA's review process was understaffed, unpredictable and slow. FDA lacked sufficient staff to perform timely reviews or develop procedures and standards to make the process more rigorous, consistent, and predictable. FDA lacked the funds to provide computers to all FDA reviewers.
To comprehend the regulatory requirements to import medical Medical devices and authorization procedures in regulated markets of the United States and Australia
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. INTRODUCTION:-
The drug delivery systems are those which control the rate of drug
delivery, sustaining the duration of therapeutic activity and targeting the drug to
the diseased tissue.
Thereby leading the better therapeutic effect with minimum side
effects. The different types of drug delivery systems are as follows:-
3. EXTENDED RELEASE TABLETS
The medical advances have been made in the area of drug
delivery with the development of novel dosage forms.
The area of sustained drug delivery has granted as the most
promising type of the drug delivery system.
The sustained release or extended release drug delivery
system can be solve problems concerning the targeting of a drug to a
specific organ or tissue.
The extended release tablets will provide controlling the rate
of drug delivery.
4. The terms used for extended release tablets are:-
EXTENDED
RELEASE
TABLETS
DELAYED
RELEASE
TABLETS
PROLONGED
RELEASE
TABLETS
SUSTAINED
RELEASE
TABLETS
CONTROLLED
RELEASE
TABLETS
5. ADVANTAGES:-
1. Enhance product saftey.
2. Improved Efficacy.
3. Improved patient compliance.
4. More accurate compared to other conventional drug
delivery systems.
DISADVANTAGES:-
1. Stabilty Problems.
2. Expensive.
3. May Alter With The Food.
6. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
IUPAC Name : N,N-Dimethyl imidodicarbonimidic diamide
DRUG PROFILE
Appearance White or almost white crystalline Powder
Solubility Soluble in water Freely soluble as HCl salt
Molecular formula C4H11N5
Molar mass 129.16 g mol−1
log P 1.254
State Solid
Melting point 223-226 oC
pKa 12.4
BCS CLASSIFICATION Class-III
7.
8. LITERATURE REVIEW
• David P Figgitt et al., The purpose of this research was to formulate
and characterize solid dispersion (SD) of metformin hydrochloride using
methocel K100M as the carrier by the solvent evaporation and cog-
rinding method.
Characterization was performed by Fourier transform spectroscopy
(FTIR), ultraviolet,
The optimized formulation was subjected to accelerated stability
testing as per ICH guidelines.
• Basavaraj.k Nanjwade et al., To develop and characterize an oral
Prolonged-release matrix tablet of metformin hydrochloride using a
combination of a hydrophobic carrier and hydrophilic polymer and two
types of formulation techniques.
9. P. K. Bhoyar et al ., An attempt was made to sustain the release of
metformin HCl as well as to mask the bitter taste by complexation
technique using strong cation-exchange resins.
The drug loading into ion-exchange resin was optimized for mixing
time, activation, effect of pH, mode of mixing, ratio of drug:resin
and temperature.
The resinate was evaluated for micromeritic properties, taste
masking and characterized using IR. Using resinate sustained
release tablets were.
10. AIM
Formulation and evaluation of prolonged release of Metformin
Hydrochloride Tablets.
OBJECTIVE
Under these considerations, objective of the work is
To design the formula for Metformin Hcl ER tablets.
To incorporate selected model drug candidates in the same formula and
prepare tablets.
To evaluate the prepared tablets of Metformin hydrochloride.
To study the in-vitro dissolution profile of prepared tablets.
Stability evaluation studies were carried out.
11. PLAN OF WORK
Preformulation studies :-
*API characterization
*Organoleptic evaluation
*Solubility
*Analytical evaluation
*Bulk density
*Tapped density
*Angle of repose
*Compressibility index
12. Evaluation Of Tablets
Post Formulation Studies:-
Hardness
Uniformity of thickness
Friability
Weight variation
Content uniformity
In vitro dissolution Stability studies.
13. Extented release tablets containing 500 mg of model drug
were prepared with a total tablet weight of 750mg.
Considering the pre-formulation studies and the literature
survey conducted the excipients were selected and an
attempt to produce prolonged released tablets.
14. Add the lubricant (magnesium stearate)
COMPRESSS the blend for tablet formation
PASS THROUGH SIEVE (No:-40)
DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD
METFORMIN BINDER(POVIDONE)+
ADD DILUENT
15. METHOD:
1. The powder blend is subjected to drying and was
compressed by direct compression method by using
Standard concave punches in 8 Station Kambet KMPC8
tablet punching machine
2. Punches of 17.5mm and 7mm diameter were used for
compression.
3. Tablet of 748mg and 753mg was prepared in different
trials by adjusting hardness and volume screw of
compression machine properly.
16. WET GRANULATION METHOD
Drug + polymer
Pass through sieve
No:- 40
Add Diluent , half part of binder Then Pass
through sieve(sieve No.40)
DM water
Prepare granules and lubricated it
with Magnesium sterate (pre-sifted
through sieve No. 60) mix 5 minutes
Subject the blend for
tablet formulation
(compression)
17. • METHOD:-
Compress with punches in 8 Station Kambet
KMPC8 tablet punching machine.
Standard concave punches of 17.5mm, with
breakline punches measuring the Tablet of
750mg,770mg,740mg and 760mg was prepared in
different trials by adjusting hardness and volume
screw of compression machine properly.
18. DEVELOPMENT OF METFORMIN OF PROLONGED
RELEASE TABLETS
Formula
INGREDIENTS Mg/Tab(T1)
API 500
Polyox-303 50
Lactose monohydrate 190
Mg Stearate 10
Total Weight 750
19. PRE-FORMULATION OF API
I. Pre Compression Parameters
1.Angle of Repose
The angle of repose has been used to characterize the flow
properties of solids.
This is the maximum angle possible between surface of pile of
powder or granules and the horizontal plane.
It was calculated using the following equation:-
Tanθ = h / r
θ = tan –1 h / r
Where, h = height of the powder heap
r = radius of the powder heap
θ= angle of repose
20. 2.Bulk density:
Bulk density defined as the mass of many particles of the material
divided by the total volume they occupy.
The total volume includes particle volume, inter-particle void
volume, and internal pore volume.
Bulk density is not an intrinsic property of a material.
Bulk density = Weight of powder(g) / Bulk volume(ml)
21. 3.Tapped density:-
Tapped densitiy of the drug was determined by pouring 25 gm
through a glass funnel into a 100 ml cylinder.
The cylinder was tapped from height of 2 inches until a constant
volume was obtained.
The volume occupied by the sample after tappings were recorded
and the tapped density was calculated by the formula below
Tapped density = Weight of powder(g) / Tapped volume(ml)
22. 4.Carr’s compressibility index:-
Compressibility is the ability of powder to decrease in volume
under pressure.
It is one of the method to determine the flow properties by
comparing the bulk and tapped densities.
% Compressibility Flow description
<10 Excellent
11-15 Good
16-20 Fair
21-25 Passable
26-31 Poor
32-37 Very poor
>38 Extremely poor
23. Carr’s index of each formulation was calculated according to
equation given below:-
Tapped density – Bulk density
Tapped density
X 100Carr’s index =
24. II. Post- compression parameters:
The quantitative evaluation of a tablet’s chemical, physical and
bioavailability properties are important in the design of tablets and to
monitor product quality.
• General appearance:-
The general appearance of tablets, its visual identity is essential
for consumer acceptance, control of lot-to-lot uniformity and general
tablet-to-tablet uniformity.
The control of general appearance involves measurement
attributes such as
Tablet’s size
Shape
Color
Presence or absence of odour
Taste
Surface textures & etc.
25. • Hardness or crushing strength:-
The resistance of tablets to capping, abrasion or
breakage under conditions of storage, transportation and
handling before usage depends on its hardness.
It is measured either by Monsanto or Stokes hardness
tester, by applying pressure diametrally to the tablet.
Monsanto Hardness Tester
26. RESULT
IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG:
By UV Spectroscopy:
Determination of max of Anti hyperglycemic agent:
On the basis of preliminary identification test the drug scanned
and it was concluded that the drug had max of 232 nm
which was equal to max 232nm as reported (std.).
SPECTRUM POINT PICK METHOD
27. STABILITY STUDIES
The stability studies were carried out by storing in HDPE containers under the
Accelerated stability conditions of 40ºC /70% RH for a period of 1 month.
The tablets were evaluated for the parameters like weight variation, hardness,
friability, thickness, and percentage of drug content were evaluated for initial, 1st, 2nd,
3rd and 1month.
The tablets displayed all parameters of optimized formulation F10 within specified
limits indicating the stability of the formulation.
Parameters 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week
Weight variation (mg) 750±5 750±4 750±4 750±4
Thickness (mm) 5.75±0.6 5.75±0.7 5.75±0.7 5.74±0.6
Hardness (N) 180 ± 10 190 ± 10 185±10 180 ± 20
Friability (%) 0.045 0.15 0.15 0.015
Drug Content (%) 97 96 95 94
Stability Studies Of Metformin Prolonged Release Tablets
28. Stability Effect On In-Vitro Dissolution Of Optimized Formulation (F10) at 1,2,3&4 week.
Time (Hours)
% Drug Release
1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week
0 0 0 0 0
1 30 25 28 27
2 42 40 39 44
3 54 54 52 53
6 76 773 74 74
10 98 96 96 95
Stability Effect On In Vitro Drug release profile of Trial-10
29. BIBLIOGRAPHY
•United States pharmacopoeia (2008) Bulk density and tapped density,
Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio, USPNF 2008, vol-1, page no: 231-
232.
•Indian Pharmacopoeia (2012) Uniformity of weight of single dose
preparations, Friability, 2010, vol-1, page no: 140, 192-193.
•Lachman L. and Lieberman H.A., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, In;
Tablets, Vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York ,1989 pp.367-414
•Martin,A.; Physical pharmacy; Fourth edition ; PP 444-445.
•www.wikipedia.org/wiki/tablets
•www.pharmainfo.net/tablets/types-tablets
Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 21st edition Vol.-1,
Page No.1178-1198
•www.Drugbank.com
30. •Brahmankar D.M., Jaiswal S.B., “Biopharmaceutics &
Pharmacokinetics”; First Edition; p-335 (1995).
•Tripathi KD, Essential of medical pharmacology, 5th ed.New Delhi:
Jaypeebrothepublishing house;2003, 254-275.
•United States pharmacopoeia (2012) Bulk density and tapped
density, Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio, USPNF 2008, vol-1, page
no: 231-232.
•Indian Pharmacopoeia (2012) Uniformity of weight of single dose
preparations, Friability, 2010, vol-1, page no: 140, 192-193.
•British Pharmacopoeia (2012) Angle of repose, vol-5, Appendix-
A465.
