metallothionein -Biomarker
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This document discusses metallothionein (MT) as a potential biomarker for assessing metal contamination in marine fish. It provides information on factors that influence MT induction and expression, including metal type, tissue type, fish species, and experimental conditions. MT is a small, cysteine-rich protein that binds metals. It plays roles in metal homeostasis and detoxification of metals like cadmium and mercury. The document reviews several studies that demonstrate MT induction and gene expression in response to metals, as well as factors like sex, age, and season that influence MT levels in fish.
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Isolation of serratia liquefaciens as metal resistant bacteria from industria...
Sample from industry effluent consist of various metal like lead, zinc, copper, silver, mercury etc. The growth of
microorganisms is affected by various factors like temperature, PH, salinity etc. In some cases there are some microorganisms
which can tolerate the presence of metal like lead, zinc, copper, silver, mercury etc., presence of these metal is analysed by
atomic adsorption spectrometry method ,present study deals with isolation of Serratia liquefaciens is done by various
biochemical characteristics ,various parameter analysis, culturing of Serratia liquefaciens in the bacterial growth medium
which consist of artificially supplemented with metal .From the study, it is confirmed that Serratia liquefaciens is present in
the polluted water where metal dust persists in the effluent sample. Serratia liquefaciens were resistant to metal and these
microorganisms are further encouraged to degrade metal in the sample.
The Use Of Ecchornia crassipes To Remove Some Heavy Metals From Romi Stream: ...
This document summarizes a study on using the aquatic plant Ecchornia crassipes (water hyacinth) to remove heavy metals from Romi Stream in Nigeria, which receives wastewater from a nearby oil refinery. The study found that E. crassipes effectively bioaccumulated and removed several heavy metals from the wastewater, including mercury, cadmium, manganese, silver, lead, and zinc. Calculated bioconcentration and biotranslocation factors indicated the plant was most effective at removing these metals from the most polluted sampling points in the stream. The study concludes that E. crassipes is a suitable candidate for phytoremediation of heavy metals in Romi Stream and reducing
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Short Metal-Metal Bond Distances Containing the Indium tris(3,5-dimethyl)-1 P...
The document summarizes research on synthesizing metal-metal bonds using an indium tris(3,5-dimethyl)-1 pyrazolylborate moiety. Key findings include:
1) An indium pyrazolylborate was synthesized and shown to react with metal carbonyl anions like Fe(CO)5 and W(CO)6 to form short metal-metal bonds.
2) X-ray crystallography revealed bond distances of 2.463(2) Å for [(HB(Me2-pz)3]In-Fe(CO)4 and 2.783(2) Å for [(HB(Me2-pz)3]In-W
The Synthesis Of Nmofs And Other Ligand And Metal...
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of ferrous metals, which mostly consist of iron with small amounts of other metals added. Ferrous metals are strong but tend to corrode easily. They are magnetic, recyclable, and can be formed through casting. While strong, ferrous metals require more energy to shape and machine than other materials. Examples of ferrous metals and their common uses are provided.
3
This document discusses new roles for bacterial siderophores in metal transport and tolerance. Siderophores are known to strongly chelate iron, but they can also bind other metals. There is evidence that metals other than iron can induce siderophore production, implicating siderophores in homeostasis of multiple metals. Siderophores form stable complexes with various metals, including some heavy metals, and may contribute to bacterial tolerance against metal toxicity. The ability of siderophores to transport both essential and non-essential metals suggests they influence metal migration in the environment.
Presentation Nev
A.M. Soeter , F.A.A. Bakker, M. Velthuis, R.A. Verweij, M.H.S. Kraak & J.A.J. Breeuwer.
Adaptation in polluted environments has been considered as evolution in action.This study focused on the effects of metal contamination on chironomid community composition and on genetic adaptation in Chironomus riparius. Using CO-1 sequencing we demonstrated that chironomid community composition was impoverished due to metal pollution. Combining the population genetic structure of C. riparius and copper sensitivity of the F1 larvae we concluded that metal tolerance in C. riparius is most likely due to genetic adaptation.
Assessment Of Heavy Metal In Sediment Of Orogodo River, Agbor, Delta State.docx
This study was carried out to examine heavy metals concentration in sediment of upstream and downstream of the entry of the sewage to the Orogodo River, Agbor, Delta state Nigeria . Samples were collected from upstream and downstream and were analyzed for Heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Ca, Mg, Co, Mn and Zn) by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It shows the concentration of iron, cadmium, manganese, cobalt, chromium, zinc, magnesium, calcium, nickel, lead and copper in mg/kg in sediments sampled.Some specific physico-chemical characteristics, such as TDS, pH, Temperature and conductivity which are known to influence the interactions and dynamics of metals within the sediment. The mean value of the metals listed above in all the six locations gave 126.09mg/kg, 0.000mg/kg, 0.538mg/kg, 0.000mg/kg, 0.141mg/kg, 1.789mg/kg, 1.258mg/kg, 9.49mg/kg, 0.000mg/kg, 0.112mg/kg and 0.0827mg/kg respectively.. The result of the analysis It shown that the concentrations of heavy metal like Zn, Pb, Cr, Ca, Cu, Co, Mg, Mn, Cd and Ni in the sediment are low, but require monitoring to prevent an increase. Hence the concentration of Fe is higher when compared with the WHO and FEPA standard for sediment which may constitute risk to the environment. The concentration of heavy metals varies for the different locations. Based on the result of the analysis, recommendations were offered to reduce the concentration of heavy metal of the river.
VK Landry Thesis
The document reports on the preparation and analysis of transition metal complexes containing s and p Lewis acid ligands. Key findings include:
1) Tripodal selenium and sulfur ligands were synthesized and formed stable complexes with transition metals.
2) DFT calculations showed tripodal selenium ligands form stronger bonds with metals than analogous sulfur ligands.
3) Nitrosyl complexes of nickel were prepared which have linear NO ligands that can be described as "nitride oxides" based on their electronic structure.
1 s2.0-s0887233307002044-main
This document investigates the effects of mixing metal ions on oxidative DNA damage mediated by Fenton-type reactions. Salmon sperm DNA and plasmid DNA were incubated with hydrogen peroxide and single or mixtures of five metal ions: iron, cadmium, nickel, chromium, and copper. The formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA strand breaks were analyzed. When DNA was treated with mixtures of two metal ions, the formation of 8-OHdG and strand breaks could be additive, suppressed, or synergistic compared to the single metals. Chromium increased 8-OHdG formation when mixed with iron or copper, while cadmium and nickel suppressed 8-OHdG formation when mixed with
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This document discusses the isolation and characterization of nickel tolerant bacterial strains from electroplating effluent sediments. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated from electroplating effluent contaminated soil and screened for nickel resistance. Six strains (Pseudomonas spp 1, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp 2, Staphylococcus spp 1, Salmonella spp 2, and Shigella spp 2) showed better growth in nickel medium. Pseudomonas spp 1 was found to be the most nickel tolerant, exhibiting best growth at 300ppm nickel, pH 7, and 37°C temperature. The document aims to identify bacterial strains that can potentially be used to bioremediate nickel contamination11.assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and z...
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in muscle tissues of fish from wetlands in Kolkata, India. The levels of heavy metals in fish tissues were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from consuming the contaminated fish. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel and zinc in one fish species was marginally high. The estimated target cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish species were above acceptable levels. More research is needed to fully understand health risks from toxic metals in fish consumed in the region.
Assessment of human health risk for arsenic, copper, nickel, mercury and zinc...
This study analyzed levels of arsenic, copper, mercury, nickel, and zinc in fish muscle tissues collected from wetlands in India. The levels of heavy metals were below international limits. The researchers calculated tolerable intake levels and estimated human health risks from fish consumption. The target hazard quotients for individual metals were below thresholds, but the hazard index for a mixture was marginally high for one fish species. The estimated cancer risks of arsenic and nickel from some fish were also above acceptable levels. More research is needed to better understand health risks from toxic metals in fish.
Publications4
This document provides a partial publication list for Mark W Pritchard including 20 publications ranging from 1987 to 1989. The publications cover topics including science management, R&D project evaluation, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, plant nutrition, aluminium tolerance in plants, selenium content in ryegrass, and computer programs for molecular biologists.
Effects Of Oxygen On Radiation Therapy
1. The document discusses various strategies to overcome tumor hypoxia, including improving oxygen delivery to tumors, using hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, and hypoxia-activated cytotoxic drugs.
2. It provides examples of compounds that have shown promise in improving tumor oxygenation, such as motexafin gadolinium, as well as hypoxia-activated cytotoxic drugs like tirapazamine.
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A natural disaster is the effect of earths natural hazards, for example flood, tornado, hurricane, volcanic eruption, earthquake, heatwave, or landslide. They can lead to financial, environmental or human losses. The resulting loss depends on the vulnerability of the affected population to resist the hazard, also called their resilience. If these disasters continue it would be a great danger for the earth
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if your doing fish dissection and need some anatomical information then go through my slides.
in this i have written fish anatomy with its physiological implications
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Secondary structure prediction has been around for almost a quarter of a century. The early methods suffered from a lack of data. Predictions were performed on single sequences rather than families of homologous sequences, and there were relatively few known 3D structures from which to derive parameters. Probably the most famous early methods are those of Chou & Fasman, Garnier, Osguthorbe & Robson (GOR) and Lim. Although the authors originally claimed quite high accuracies (70-80 %), under careful examination, the methods were shown to be only between 56 and 60% accurate (see Kabsch & Sander, 1984 given below). An early problem in secondary structure prediction had been the inclusion of structures used to derive parameters in the set of structures used to assess the accuracy of the method.
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 5, Dialyzers Overview - Dr.Gawad
metallothionein -Biomarker
- 1. Zn>Cd &Hg>Cu Pathiratne et al(2009) and Ghedtra et al (2010) Richard (1994) -MT induction -liver : Hg > Ag> Cu > Zn. Metallothionein - a potential biomarker to assess the metal contamination in marine fishes-A review Metal Transcription -of MT genes MT synthesis •Cd can induce MT expression in Fishes. (Chen et al. 2005, Rovira et al. 2005, Choi et al. 2007) •MT transcript proteins -bivalent metal - Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Co and Hg. ( Ikebuchi et al. 1986; Carginale et al. 1998; Riggio et al. 2003 ) • Thiele in 1992- MT gene expression ὰ Metal concentration. •4 MT genes-common promoter-several MREs- which binds to metal transcription factors-synthesis of MT.(Kling and Olsson in 1993). Factors Affecting the Metallothionein Estimations age Sexual maturity- max variation-female Olsson et al ( 1987) - Rainbow Trout –hepatic MT levels Sex Liver Muscle Kidney brainSkin Gills Tissue type Route of exposure and experimental conditions MT Levels fish species tissue physiology experimental conditions • Chowdhury et al (2005) -Rainbow trout -sub lethal concentration -waterborne Cd (0 or 3 μg/L) or dietary Cd (0 or 500 mg/kg dry wt) -30 days • Waterborne exposure group- highest MT- kidney - Gills – liver. • Dietary exposure group-kidney >> cecae and posterior intestine > liver and stomach > midintestine > gills. Exogenous and endogenous substances Experimental problems with MTs Olsson 1996 Metal Type Seasonal variations Future prospects 1. Inorganic Hg Invitro studies Cell culture Invivo influence Not clear Organic-mercury complex 2. Standardization of methods 3.Different methodology used by researchers •Thiele D J (1992).Metal Regulated Transscription in Eukaryotes. Nucleic Acid Research.210;1183-1188. •Kling, P. & Olsson. P. E. (1993). Metal regulation of the rainbow trout metallothionein-A gene. In: proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Responses of Marine Organisms to Pollutants. •Geroge S.G.,Hadgson P.A.,Tybler .P.,Tedd.K.,(1996).Inducability of Metallothionein mRNA expression and Cadmium tolerance in larva of teleosts the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).Fundamental Application of Toxicology 33:91-99. •Singh M R. (2007). Impurities-heavy metals: IR prespective.(George et al.,1996) Reference Vijaya * and R. Jayakumar** *Research Scholar, **Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus, Nagadenahalli-562 163. KARNATAKA. E-mail:vijayhemmadi@gmail.com MT as Biomarker •Ubiquitous , stable & inducible proteins, Mw 6-8kDa, pI-8.3 •High cysteine content (20-30%) - 61 amino acids - no aromatic amino acids. • Binds to metals - metal thiolate bonds. •Metal homeostasis –Zn ,Cu & detoxification – Cd, Hg, Pt, Ag Introduction Metallothionein (MTs) Cd Higher affinity to MTs tan Zn Displace Zn from MT binding site (Hollis L.C and C.M.Wood, 2001) Maximum induction MTs in Tilapia 2mg/kg of Cd No further change (Y.F.Ueng et al. 1996)