Cognates, word order, gender, number, articles, nouns, adjectives, verbs and their conjugation are some key grammatical elements in Spanish. Spanish uses gender and number agreement between nouns and adjectives. Nouns are accompanied by definite or indefinite articles that indicate gender and number. Verbs are conjugated by person and tense. Adjectives must agree with nouns in gender and number.

1. A cognate is a word
that looks and/or
sounds the same in
English and in Spanish.

2. Ex:
religion
adjetivos
verbo
teléfono

3. Word order in
Spanish typically puts
the adjective after the
noun.

4. ex:
la casa blanca
NO la blanca casa

5. Gender in Spanish
means that nouns and
adjectives are classified
as either masculine or
feminine.

6. ex:
el libro=the book (m.)
la mesa=the table(f.)

7. In Spanish, number shows
that nouns, adjectives and
person are either singular or
plural.

8. ex: el libro=book (m.s.)
los libros=books (m. pl.)
la mesa=table (f.s.)
las mesas=tables(f.pl.)

9. In Spanish, nouns and adjectives
must show agreement in
gender and in number.

10. ex:
el libro rojo= the red book
los libros rojos=the red books
la mesa roja=the red table
las mesas rojas=the red tables

11. Indefinite articles
accompany nouns and tell
gender and number.
They are vague and mean a, an
or some.

12. ex:
un libro=a book
unos libros=some books
una mesa=a table
unas mesas=some tables

13. Definite articles
accompany nouns and tell
gender and number.
They are specific and mean the.

14. ex:
el libro=the book
los libros=the books
la mesa=the table
las mesas=the tables

15. A noun in Spanish is called either a
nombre or a sustantivo. They have
gender and number. They are
accompanied by an article.
They can be replaced by pronouns
(pronombres).

16. ex:
nombre: Josue
pronombre: él
la vaca=cow (f.s.)

17. An adjetivo is a word that
modifies (goes with) a noun. It
must agree with the noun in
gender and in number.

18. EX:
NO: Mi actividades
favorito
SÍ: Mis actividades
favoritas

19. An adverbio modifies a verb, and
usually (but not always) ends in
-mente. (-ly). It describes
how the action is being done.

20. EX:
quickly=rápidamente
slowly=lentamente

21. A verbo is a word that shows action. In
Spanish the infinitives end in -ar, -er, -ir.
In Spanish they can be conjugated in many
tenses. They can be irregular, regular, or
stem-changing.

22. EX:
to swim=nadar
to run=correr
to live=vivir

23. Tense in Spanish is
when an action occurs.

24. Ex: nadar=to swim
preterito: nadé I swam
imperfecto: nadaba I swam
presente: nado I swim
futuro: nadaré
progresivo: nadando swimming

25. An infinitive is a verb in
its unchanged or pure
state. In English it starts
with “to” and in Spanish it
ends in -ar, -ir, or -er.

26. EX:
to swim=nadar
to eat=comer
to sleep=dormir

27. To conjugate is to change
the verb to reflect the speaker,
or who or what is doing the
action.

28. EX: vivir=to live
vivo vivimos
vives vivís
vive viven

29. In Spanish 1st, 2nd,
3rd person refers to
who is doing the action.

30. EX: vivir=to live
SINGULAR PLURAL
1st vivo (I) vivimos (we)
2nd vives (you) vivís (you all)
3rd vive (he, she, you formal) viven (they, you all)

31. Peer editing is when
another student checks
your work for mistakes
and gives you feedback.

32. EX:
blanco casa ¡NO!
la casa blanca ¡SÍ!

33. Los interogativos
are the words we use
to ask questions in
Spanish.

34. EX:
¿dónde? WHERE ¿cómo? HOW
¿por qué? WHY ¿qué? WHAT
¿cúal? WHICH ¿cúantos/as? HOW MANY
¿quién? WHO ¿cúanto/a? HOW MUCH
¿cúando? WHEN

35. In Spanish, the gerund
is th -ing form of the
verb.

36. ex: nadando
estudiando
visitando