The document provides information about Spanish sentence structure and grammar. It lists different sentence types in Spanish including statements, questions, exclamations, and commands. For each type it gives the typical word order and examples. It also discusses the placement of objects, verbs, adjectives, and other parts of speech within sentences. The document concludes with additional vocabulary examples.

1. Español 101
Lección 5
4 Junio 2012

2. VII. Sentence Structure
Type Order Example Comment
Statement Subject, verb Roberto estudia. This word order is
(Robert is extremely common
studying.) and can be
considered the
norm.
Statement Subject, verb, Roberto compró el This word order is
object libro. (Robert extremely common
bought the book.) and can be
considered the
norm.

3. Type Order Example Comment
Statement Subject, objectRoberto lo compró. This word order is extremely
pronoun, verb (Roberto bought it.) common and can be considered
the norm. Object pronouns
precede conjugated verbs; they
can be attached at the end of
infinitives and present participles.
Question Question word, ¿Dónde está el This word order is extremely
verb, subject libro? (Where is the common and can be considered
book?) the norm.
Exclamation Exclamatory ¡Qué linda es This word order is extremely
word, adjective, Roberta! (How common and can be considered
verb, subject beautiful Roberta the norm. Many exclamations
is!) omit one or more of these
sentence parts.
Statement Verb, noun Sufren los niños. Placing the verb ahead of the
(The children are noun can have the effect of
suffering.) placing more emphasis on the
verb. In the sample sentence, the
emphasis is more on the suffering
than who is suffering.

4. Type Order Example Comment
Statement Object, verb, El libro lo escribió Placing the object at the
noun Juan. (John wrote beginning of the sentence can
the book.) have the effect of placing more
emphasis on the object. In the
sample sentence, the emphasis is
on what was written, not who
wrote it. The pronoun lo,
although redundant, is customary
in this sentence construction.
Statement Adverb, verb, Siempre hablan los In general, Spanish adverbs are
noun niños. (The children kept close to the verbs they
are always talking.) modify. If an adverb starts a
sentence, the verb frequently
follows.
Phrase Noun, adjective la casa azul y cara Descriptive adjectives, especially
(the expensive blue ones that describe something
house) objectively, usually are placed
after the nouns they modify.

5. Type Order Example Comment
Phrase Adjective, noun Otras casas (other Adjectives of number and other
houses); mi querida nondescriptive adjectives usually
amiga (my dear precede the noun. Often, so do
friend) adjectives being used to describe
something subjectively, such as to
impart an emotional quality to it.
Phrase Preposition, noun en la caja (in the Note that Spanish sentences can
box) never end in a preposition, as is
commonly done in English.
Command Verb, subject Estudia tú. (Study.) Pronouns are often unnecessary
pronoun in commands; when used, they
nearly always immediately follow
the verb.

6. Más expresiones - More
expressions
• Buen Trabajo! - Great job!
• Hoy me cepillé (lavé) los dientes - Today, I
brushed my teeth
• Subí en el ascensor/elevador - I took the lift
upstairs
• ¿Puedes enseñarme cómo hacer esto? - Can
you teach me how to do this?
• ¿Qué vamos a hacer hoy? - What are we going
to do today?

7. Más expresiones - More
expressions, cont.
• ¿Dónde está el supermercado? - Where is the
supermarket?
• ¿Qué puedo traer a mis amigos en Singapur?
What is famous here that I can buy back for
my friends in Singapore?
• Mantente en contacto/Escríbeme - Keep in
touch

8. Conversación - Conversation
• ¿Qué te gusta hacer en tu tiempo libre? -
What do you like to do in your free time?
• ¿Cuál es tu
comida/bebida/deporte/hobby/pasatiempo
favorito(a)? - What is your favourite
food/drink/sport/hobby/past time/band...
• Me gustaría hablar con - I would like to talk to
• ¿Te gustaría hablar con él/ella en privado? -
Would you like to talk to him/her in private?

9. Conversación – Conversation, cont.
• ¿Qué haremos hoy? - What are we going to do
today?
• Hoy vamos a… - Today we are going to...
– ir al cine - go to the cinema
– ir a la playa - go to the beach
– programar - do some programming
– ir de paseo - walk around

10. Más Expresiones – More
Expressions
• Aún si... - Even if
• ¿Qué pasaría si...? - What if
• ¿Hablas en serio?/¿Estás bromeando? - Are
you serious
• (Eso es) Muy interesante - That’s interesting
• Guau! - Wow

11. Más Vocabulario - More
Vocabulary
• Encendido/Apagado - On/off
• Enciende la luz/Apaga la luz - Turn on/off the
light
• Adelantar/Retrasar - Forward/backward
• Arriba - Up/upstairs
• Abajo - Down/downstairs
• He perdido… - I have lost...
• ¿Cómo se usa este(a)…? - How to use this...

12. Aritmética Básica – Basic
Arithmetic
• Sumar, restar, dividir, multiplicar - Plus, minus,
divide, multiply

13. Algunos Adjetivos de Cantidad -
Some Adjectives of Quantity
• Mucho, muchos, mucha, muchas
– Much for singular
– Many for plural
• El tiene mucho poder - He has much power
• Ella tiene muchas gatas - She has many cats

14. Por - For
• Expressing movement along, through, around,
by or about
– Anduve por las calles de la ciudad - I walked
through the streets of the city.
• Denoting a time or duration when something
occurs
– Viajamos por tres semanas - We're traveling for
three weeks.

15. Por – For, cont.
• Expressing the cause (not the purpose) of an
action
– Me caí por la nieve - I fell down because of the
snow.
• Meaning per
– Dos por ciento - Two percent.
• Meaning supporting or in favor of
– Trabajamos por derechos humanos - We work for
human rights.

16. Por – For, cont.
• Introducing the agent of an action after a
passive verb
– Fue escrito por Neruda - It was written by Neruda
• Indicating means of transportation
– Viajaré por avión - I will travel by plane.
• Used in numerous expressions.
– Por ejemplo - For example
– Por favor – Please.

17. Para - For
• Meaning for the purpose of or in order to
– Para bailar aquí se necesita - In order to dance
here you need
• With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning
for the benefit of or directed to
– Es para usted - It's for you.
• Meaning to or in the direction of when
referring to a specific place
– Voy para Chile - I'm heading to Chile

18. Para – For, cont.
• Meaning by or for when referring to a specific
time
– Necesito el regalo para mañana - I need the gift
for tomorrow
• Para el fin de semana vamos a la casa de mi
madre
– For the weekend we're going to my mother’s

19. Gramática - Grammar
• Grande - Big
• Pequeño(a) - small
• Mediano(a) - medium

20. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Estoy hablando - I am speaking
– Juan está comiendo - John is eating
– María está escribiendo una carta - Mary is writing
a letter

21. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Estar - To be
– estoy
– estás
– está
– estamos
– están

22. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Present participle (regular -ar verbs)
1. hablar: hablando
• (hablar - ar + ando)
2. trabajar: trabajando
• (trabajar - ar + ando)
3. estudiar: estudiando
• (estudiar - ar + ando)

23. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Present participle (regular -er verbs)
1. comer: comiendo
• (comer - er + iendo)
2. hacer: haciendo
• (hacer - er + iendo)

24. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Present participle (regular -ir verbs)
1. vivir: viviendo
• (vivir - ir + iendo)
2. escribir: escribiendo
• (escribir - ir + iendo)

25. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Present participle (irregular -ir verbs)
1. servir: sirviendo
2. pedir: pidiendo
3. decir: diciendo
4. dormir: durmiendo
5. morir: muriendo
6. poder: pudiendo

26. Presente Continuo – Present Continuous
• Present participle (orthographic change)
1. caer: cayendo
2. creer: creyendo
3. huir: huyendo
4. ir: yendo
5. influir: influyendo
6. oír: oyendo
7. traer: trayendo
8. leer: leyendo
9. seguir: siguiendo

27. Verbos - Verbs
• Yo fuí/voy/iré... - I went/am going/will be going
for…
• Tú fuíste/vas/irás… - You went/were going/will
be going for...
• El/Ella fué/va/irá… - He/She went/was
going/will be going for...
• Nosotros fuímos/vamos/iremos… - We
went/are going/will be going for...
• Ustedes/Ellos fueron/van/irán… - You/they
went/are going to/will be going for…

28. Verbos – Verbs, cont.
• a correr - a run
• a comer un helado - to have ice cream
• a hacer una llamada - to make a call
• a ver una película - to watch a movie
• a nadar - to swim
• a cambiar dinero - to change money