The document discusses turmeric (Curcuma longa), highlighting its historical medicinal use, cultivation methods, chemical constituents, and health benefits. An emphasis is placed on the significance of turmeric in traditional medicine and the successful legal battle by India to revoke a patent on it in the United States. Additionally, it details various methods of extraction and analysis, along with recommended dosages for therapeutic use.

1. WELCOME

2. TURMERIC: A classic grandmother’s remedy
Presented by:
Miss.Vaishnavi Sanjay Pakhare.
(B. Pharmacy final year)
Guided by:
Prof.Vijay G Rokade.
( M Pharm in Pharmaceutical
Quality Assuarance)
Aditya Pharmacy College, Beed.

3. Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Introduction.
Pharmacognosy.
Cultivation.
Extraction.
TLC.
Macroscopical characters.
Chemical constituents.
Chemical test.
Turmeric dosage.
10. Major producing countries.
11.major producing States in
India.
12.Turmeric patent.
13.turmeric health benefits.
14. Conclusion.
15. References.

4. Introduction
•
•
•
•
Turmeric (nature’s precious gift) is a plant that has a very long history of
medicinal use, dating back nearly 4000 years.
In Southeast Asia, turmeric is used not only as a principal spice but also as a
component in religious ceremonies. Because of its brilliant yellow color, turmeric
is also known as “Indian saffron.”
Modern medicine has begun to recognize its importance, as indicated by the over
3000 publications dealing with turmeric that came out within the last 25 years.
Tamil Nadu, is the world’s largest producer of and the most important trading
center for turmeric. It is also known as “Yellow City,” “Turmeric City,” or “Textile
City.” Sangli, a city of Maharashtra, is second only to Erode in size and importance
as a production and trading site for turmeric.

5. Pharmacognosy
1.
2.
Biological source:Turmeric consists of the dried rhizomes of
curcuma longa L. (C. domestica Valeton)
Kingdom:Plant
Clade:Monocots
Order:Zingiberales
Family:Zingiberaceae
Genus:Curcuma
Species:C. longa (40 species)
Binomial name:Curcuma longa L.
Synonyms:Curcurma domestica Valeton

6. Cultivation
• Plant is a perennial herb; 2-3 ft high with a short stem and tufted leaves; the
rhizomes, which are short and thick, constitute the turmeric of commerce.
The crop requires a hot and moist climate, a liberal water supply and a well
drained soil. It thrives on any soil-loamy or alluvial, but the soil should be
lose and friable. The field should be well prepared by ploughing and turning
to a depth of about one ft. and liberally manure with farmyard and green
manures.
Sets or fingers of the previous crop worth one or two buds are planted 3-
inches deep at distance of 11-16 inches from April to August. The crop is
ready for harvesting in about 9-10 months when the lower leaves turns
yellow. The rhizomes are carefully dug up with hard picks, washed and
dried.

8. Extraction
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We plan to extract these curcuminoids From turmeric powder
The process involves soxhlet apparatus.it involves the solvent
extraction method
In the first step we followed the Process as Read in the literature
survey,this wasdone to ensure the familarity and also the
presence of curcuminoids
The dried turmeric was taken and powdered. 20g of this weighed
and placed in the soxhlet apparatus
200ml of acetone was heated and refluxed in the apparatus

9. Extraction
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•
The process was monitored until the yellow colour Of the extraction was
faded away ( colourless)
The final extract was concentrated.

11. TLC for curcumin

12. Procedure for TLC
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•
•
•
Stationary phase :- silica gel
Mobile phase :- chloroform:ethanol:glacial acetic acid in the ratio of
9.5:0.5:0.1
After drying the plate @105°c temperature where slurry of silica gel
is applied and Keep it in saturation chamber for 30 min
RF value= distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent
=5.9/6.5 =0.90

13. Macroscopical character
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•
•
•
i. Colour- Yellow to yellowish brown externally, yellow to yellow orange
internally.
ii. Form- Primary rhizomes ovate, oblongs or pyriform and are called in
commerce as bulb or round turmeric; whereas the lateral rhizomes are
more cylindrical and often short branched and they are called long turmeric.
iii. Size- the round form is about half as broad as long. The long forms are
about 4 to 7 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide.
iv. Surface- root scars and annulations are seen.
v. Fracture- Horny.
vi. Odour- aromatic.
vii. Taste- aromatic and bitter.

14. Chemical constituents
1. Curcuminoids- Non-volatile colouring matter.
2. Curcumin, a diferuloylmethane; desmethoxy dicinnarmoylmethane;
bidesmethoxy curcumin.
3. Volatile oil:(a) l-cycloisoprenmyrcene,
(b) zinziberene,
(c) turmerone,
(d) a-atlantone,1. Curcuminoids- Non-volatile colouring matter.

15. Chemical constituent
• (e) y-atlantone,
(f) phallandrane,
(g) sabinene, cineole,
(h) borneol
(i) Curcumone.
4. Sugars- arabinose, fructose and glucose.
5. Bitter substances,
6. Fixed oil and acids

16. Chemical test
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•
1. Conc. H2SO4 or a mixture of H2SO4 with alcohol (90%) imparts a
deep crimson colour to turmeric.
2. Boric acid colours to reddish brown which on addition of alkalies
becomes greenish blue.

17. Turmeric dosage
• 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls with lukewarm milk or honey once or twice a
day before or after meals or as prescribed by Ayurvedic doctor.
It Is 400 to 600 mg three times daily, according to the condition of
the individual. Turmeric will not give suggested therapeutic values
and dosage levels in the body as used in the normal cooking
process. If taking turmeric to manage different clinical conditions,
evidence suggests the use of 500mg of turmeric 4 times a day for
stomach problems and 500mg twice a day for managing patients
with osteoarthritis

18. Major producing countries

19. Major Producing states in India

20. Turmeric patent
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•
The turmeric patent was granted in 1995 to two researchers, Soman K. Das
and Harihar Kohli of the University of Mississippi Medical Center.
India has forced the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to revoke a
contentious patent it granted two years ago to researchers in the United
States on the use of powdered turmeric (Curcuma longa) for wound
healing.
The PTO withdrew the patent on 13 August after a year-long legal battle
with India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), which
argued that turmeric, a native Indian plant, had been used for centuries by
its people for wound healing, and so lacked the “novelty” criterion required
for patenting.

21. Turmeric patent
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•
The Indian agency hired a US patent lawyer and spent $15,000 to
fight the case, which it supported with documents ranging from
scientific publications to books on home remedies and ancient
Ayurvedic texts on Indian systems of medicine.
Indian scientists claim this is the first time that a move in the United
States to patent a traditional remedy from the developing world has
been successfully overturned. Earlier efforts by an international
coalition of environmentalists to get the US patents on products of
the neem tree cancelled ended in failure

22. Turmeric patent
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•
The CSIR's director, Ragunath Mashelkar, said the success of the
case had far-reaching consequences for the protection of the
traditional knowledge base, “not only in India but in other third
World countries”. He said the case also highlights the importance
of documenting traditional knowledge, to provide evidence of
prior knowledge.
“India has the rights of turmeric patent”

23. Health benefits of Turmeric
• Helps to reduce inflammation

24. Health benefits
• Helps to relieve arthritic pain

25. Health benefits
• Helps to heal stomach ulcers.

26. Health benefits
• Its great application for the beautiful skin

27. Helath benefits
• Helps to heal wound faster

28. Health benefits
• Helps to Enhance the Respiratory health.

29. Health benefits
• Helps to strengthen the ligaments.

30. Health benefits
• Reduces cholesterol

31. Health benefits
• Improve brain functions

32. Health benefits
• Helps to combat depression

33. References:
1}Prasad S. Aggarwal BB. , Turmeric:the golden spice:from traditional medicine to modern
medicine.In :Benzie IFF, Wachtel Galor S, editors.herbal medicine biomolecular and clinical
aspects.2nd edition.Boca Raton [FL] : CRC press/Taylor & Francis; 2011.chapter 13.
2}M.Akrami , Shahab-uddini,Afzal Ahmedz, Khan Usmanghani 3, Abdul Hannan3, E. Mohiuddun4, M
Asif curcuma long and curcumin : a review article ROM.J.BIOL.-plant BIOL., volume 55,No.2,
P.65-70,Bucharest, 2010 .
3}Tuyet A Nguyen,Adman J Friedman Journal of drugs in dermatology:JDD 12, 1131-1137, 2013.
4}Fiona c rodrigues, n v anilkumar , goutam thakur europian journal of medicinal chemistry 2019.
5} Satish Sundar Dhilip Kumar , Nicolette Nadene Houreld, Heidi Abrahamse Molecules 23 , 835,
2018.
6}Rita Borik,Nagwa Fawzy, Sherifa Abu-Bakr, Magdy Aly Molecules 23 1398,2018

34. References
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•
•
•
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7} Sultana Parveen Pooja Ghosh Aritra Mitra Satarupa Gupta , Swagata
Dasgupta Emergent Materials, 1-12, 2019.
8}C K Kokate ,A.P. purohit,S B Gokhale,Pharmacognosy, Nirali Prakashan,54
Th Edition.
9}www.wikipedia.Com
10}www.Diabetes Selfmanagement.com/blog/turmeric-diabetes/
11}Saipriya Balasubramanian,Traditional Knowledge And Patent Issues,
Mondaq.Com, 2017
12}Dr.G. Prabhakara, Rao Bhaishajya Ratnavali Of Kaviraj Shri Govind Das
Sen, Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi,Planetayurveda.Com