Memory refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and retrieving information over time. There are three main stages of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Memory is encoded, stored, and retrieved according to an integrated model. Long-term memory can be categorized as semantic or episodic and is organized and retrieved through cues. Forgetting occurs through interference, decay, or retrieval failure, and various strategies like distributed practice can enhance memory retention.

4. Overview of Memory Model

6. Integrated Model of Memory

7. Overview of LTM

12. Anatomy of Memory Bilateral damage to the hippocampus results in anterograde amnesia (Patient H.M.)

13. Anatomy of Memory Amygdala : emotional memory and memory consolidation Basal ganglia & cerebellum : memory for skills, habits and CC responses Hippocampus : memory recognition, spatial, episodic memory, laying down new declarative long-term memories Thalamus , formation of new memories and working memories Cortical Areas : encoding of factual memories, storage of episodic and semantic memories, skill learning, priming.

15. Serial Position Effect Recall immediately after learning Recall several hours after learning Recall from Recall from LTM STM LTM Primacy effect – remembering stuff at beginning of list better than middle Recency Effect – remembering stuff at the end of list better than middle