The document provides guidance on writing a research proposal. It begins by defining research and explaining the components of a research title. It then discusses psychological barriers in developing a title and initial steps to take such as reading, identifying areas of interest, and consulting with experts. The document outlines qualities of a strong title and how to generate, represent, and confirm a title. It also discusses dos and don'ts. Finally, it provides a sample research proposal format and details each section including the problem statement, objectives, literature review, methodology, and time schedule. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide for developing an effective research proposal.

1. THE WAYS OF
WRITING A
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Dr. C.THANAVATHI,
M.A., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., SET,
PGDHE, DGT, DCA, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of History
V.O.C.College of Education,
Thoothukudi.
9629256771
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html

2. Steps in Framing a Research
Title

3. 1. What is Research?
a) Research is to yield solutions to the problem on hand.
b) Research is an intellectual service.
c) Research is a process of searching again and again.
d) Research leads to several researches.
e) Research adds to the knowledge bulk.
f) Research changes human activities.
g) Research motivates further and further learning.
h) Research brings out potent and significance changes in
almost all the processes of the human endeavor.
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4. 2. What is a research title?
a) A research title is a fencing processes of the concepts
and the study area.
b) A research title leads to a scientific solution.
c) A research title liberates several alternatives in the
thought processes.
d) A research title is a string of relevant words.
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5. 3. Psychological barriers in framing
research title
a) Feeling of helplessness.
b) Sceptic feelings of doing research.
c) Fear of meeting the guide.
d) Shy due to lack of communication.
e) Pessimistic attitude towards research.
f) Trying to dropout.
g) Orphan like feelings like where to go, how to do, etc.
h) Lack of social movements.
i) Trying to become addict towards abused things.
j) Lack of confidence.
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6. 4. Initial steps in framing research title
a) Dedicated and committed voracious reading behavior.
b) Introspecting once own areas of interest.
c) Observing the environmental trends and prevailing
problems.
d) Opting to be the pioneer in a relevant area.
e) Assembling various factors and variables.
f) Attempting to fix the independent variable, dependent
variable and outcome variable.
g) Developing flow chart adopting selected factors/variables.
h) Accumulating and ordering previous research works.
i) Frequent consultations with eminent.
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7. Cont..
j) Referring available theses related to our selected area.
k) Learning basic statics and interpretation processes.
l) Getting trained towards working statistical softwares
(SPSS, Lotus, Excel, Stata, etc.)
m) Confirmation about the availability of past researches
related to our research on hand.
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8. 5. Leverages towards framing
research title
a) Getting the help from the senior researchers and eminent.
b) Academic relationships to be developed and conserved among the
guides and co-guides. If possible, other departments guides also.
c) Consultations and suggestions from the statistics experts.
d) Self empowerment in all the related activities of research is needed.
e) Getting assistance from the peer group.
f) Verbal and numerical skills are to be enhanced.
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9. 6. Qualities of a research title
a) A research title should be with limited
wording.
b) A research title should be easily
understandable without any jargons.
c) Words should be rationally stringed.
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10. 7. Generation of research title
a) The research title should attract the readers.
b) The research title should be contemporary.
c) The research title should explain sufficiently and answer
accordingly.
d) The spelling and grammar should be carefully ad hired.
e) New-phrasing, de-phrasing and re-phrasing are inevitable.
f) Operational terms are to be explainable very clearly.
g) Apt word in apt places will add feathers to the research
title.
h) Care to be taken while using statistical terms in the title.
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11. Cont..
i) Unwanted and Undesirable words should not be roomed in the
title.
j) Research title should funneled, narrowed, specific and converging.
k) Before confirming the research title, write four or five different
models of title and get consulted with all possible eminent.
l) Welcome ideas from all, but you have to decide the title.
m) Before framing the title, think about the possibility, availability
and the accessibility of the data collecting tool.
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12. 8. Representations in the
research title
a) Statistical words are to be in the research title
(Eg. Influence of, correlation between,
description of, etc.)
b) Note about the respondents are to be presented.
c) Independent/Outcome variable should be in
research title.
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13. 9. Do’s in framing research title
a) Self evaluation about one’s own capacities are to be evaluated.
b) Try to conserve original thoughts related to the research field.
c) Try to open a new branch or a new trend in the field of research.
d) Try to incubate several research titles in mind.
e) Try to contribute original research title.
f) Frequent consultations with statistics eminent should never be
forgotten. This is called as ‘Exploratory research’.
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14. 10. Don’ts in framing research
title
a) Better not to shine in others dress.
b) No imitation of the past studies.
c) Better not to buy the thesis.
d) Better not to adopt data collecting tools which are
standardized in a different geographical area. If
necessary, try to re-standardise to your locality.
These are to be taken care even before raising the
title.
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15. 11. Steps before confirming the
research title
a) An informal meet of several research scholars for mutual
discussions can be arranged.
b) Yet to be confirmed title can be circulated among all the
possible eminent who will give suggestions in an
objective way.
c) Just before formal registration, take time to get the final
concurrence from the authorized guide teacher.
d) Review based research gap, sound theoretical basis,
conceptual frame work based on the variables adopted in
the theory are to be synchronized before the title framing.
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16. HOW TO WRITE A
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

17. What is Research Proposal?
 Preparation of a proposal is crucial in research
 It provides different steps involved in the research
process
 It refers to an outline of a systematic, scientific inquiry
 It ensures a workable plan of exploration,
investigation, experimentation, etc.
 It is a brief report about the study that a researcher
intends studying.
 It is comparable to the blueprint which the architect
prepares before the building commences.
 It is subject to modification in the light of the analysis
by the researcher or his/her project advisor.
 It provides the basis for evaluation and the basis for
assistance.

18. Proposal, Synopsis & Report
Proposal Synopsis Report
Prepared before
the research.
Prepared after the
collection &
analysis of data
Prepared after the
collection &
analysis of data
Plan of work Document in Brief Document in an
elaborate form
Only suggestive.
So, can be altered
Pre-final form.
Caption, chapter
can be altered.
Final form.
Cannot be altered.

19. FORMS OF PROPOSALS
 For Masters Dissertations
 For Doctorate Thesis
 For Minor Projects
 For Major Projects
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 19

20. Description
 Research Proposal therefore is a planned
document proposing a project generally in
Science, Social Sciences, Behavioral
sciences,Humanities and other Academia
containing a request for Degree,
Sponsorship and funding having a notable
scope and significance. Such Proposals are
evaluated in respect of its potential impact,
relevance, scope, cost and time schedule.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 20

21. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 21

22. ‘Seven Part Proposal’ suggested by Best & Kahn
1. The Statement of the Problem
2. The Significance of the Problem
3. Definitions, Assumptions, Limitations and Delimitations
4. Review of Related Literature
5. The Hypotheses
6. Methods
7. Time Schedule
(This need not be taken as the satisfactory sequence. Institutions suggest
other formats)

23. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 23

24. RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
Model

25. TITLE
STUDY ON AWARENESS OF
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
AMONG STUDENT TEACHERS

26.  Doesn’t reproduce the title as it is
 Explains the problem briefly
 Explains the key terms
 Defines them operationally
 Mentions the dictionary meaning
 Occupies about a page
1.0 Statement of the Problem

27. 1.0 Statement of the Problem
Society is growing not only in population but also in
technology. Technology place is an important role in
growth of nation. And so and so lot of electronic
gadgets have been discovered and invented by humans
for the purpose of easy living.
Nowadays more than the population, the quantity of
electronic gadgets has been increased. And the
humankind is in hyper-tension mode of handling
electronic waste or e-waste. So proper awareness
should be need for the student teachers to improve their
E-Waste management.
The present investigation is a descriptive one aiming at
study on awareness of e-waste management among
student teachers.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 27

28. 2.0 Title of Study
 The title of the study is entitled as “Study
on Awareness of E-Waste Management
among Student Teachers”.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 28

29. 3.0 Significance of the Study
The world is polluted by various kind of pollutes such us air
pollutants, water pollutants, sanitary waste, medical waste and in recent
days. Electronic waste, managing and disposals of electronic waste had
been one of the greatest challenges faced by mankind. If humankind
allows the e-waste as waste on earth for longer time, the earth would
become toxic and unworthy to live.
So proper measures should be taken in handling e-waste. An
estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year. The
environmental protection agency estimates that only 15-20% of e-waste
is recycled, the rest of these electronics go directly into landfills and
incinerations. This information makes our heart to stop. It alarms that
this should be handled immediately with at most concern. Mishandling
of e-waste may cause damage to human life and endanger the lives
around it.
Hence needed efforts should be taken in handling e-waste. Student
teachers designed to create modern India with the help of students. So
it’s needy to measure the awareness of student teacher.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 29

30.  Discusses the need for the study
 Talks about the utility of the study
 Justifies the selection of the area
 Defends the topic selected
 Reviews related studies
 Explains with statistical data
 Runs about one and half pages
3.0 Significance of the Study

31. 4.0 Review of Related Literature
 Indian Study:
 Brijesh Sivathanu (2016) conducted a study on User’s Perspective:
Knowledge and Attitude towards E-Waste. In this study, the investigator
discussed the consumers’ awareness and preference towards the disposal
of e-waste. A primary survey was conducted using a structured
questionnaire among 600 consumers in Pune city. The exploratory factor
analysis technique was deployed to identify the awareness factors
contributing to the consumer’s preference towards the proper disposal
and management of e-waste. The findings showed that five important
factors contribute to the consumer’s preference during the disposal of e-
waste. These antecedents are Awareness of toxic effects on human
health, Awareness of Environmental Hazards, Awareness of proper
disposal of E-waste, Awareness of E-waste Management by various
stakeholders and Awareness of Convenience of Recycling. This study
suggested the various pathways to create awareness so that the attitude of
the consumers towards disposal of e-waste can be changed which would
be helpful to the society to handle E-waste properly and focus towards
efficient and effective E-waste management.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 31

32.  Foreign Study:
 Pauline Achieng Pesa (2016) conducted a study on assessing user awareness on
environmentally sound disposal of e-waste in Kenya. The main objective of the study were;
analysis of sound disposal options available to consumers and whether consumers are
aware of these options and to find out users awareness of enforcement mechanisms in place
with regard to disposal of E-Waste. The study was conducted through primary and
secondary research. Primary data was gathered through face to face interviews with the
people selected in the sample. The data collection method was most suitable because the
study seeks to determine how user awareness on sound disposal of E-Waste can influence
how they dispose of their waste. To arrive at a conclusion, a sample of the population was
interviewed to determine whether the creation of awareness will lead to sound disposal of
E-Waste. A sample size of 40 interviewees was selected through the stratified sampling
method. The population was divided into distinct categories from which individual
participants were selected. The participants selected upon being interviewed referred the
researcher to other interviewees who they knew had experience in the area of study (snow
balling). The individuals included judges, magistrates, law lectures, prosecutors, advocates,
non-Governmental organisations officials, NEMA officials, Nairobi City County official,
garbage collectors, official from recycling plants and users of electronic and electrical
equipment. Two structured questionnaires were used. Electrical waste is the fastest
growing element in today’s waste stream. Thousands of tones are generated and imported
per year into Kenya. The disposal of the same is not done in the appropriate manner
leading to health hazards and environmental degradation. One of the reasons for such
improper disposal is lack of awareness of the users on how to handle E-Waste.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 32

33.  Given in operational term
 Clearly and unambiguously mentioned
 Can be divided into General and Specific
Objectives
 Should not be given with any pre-
conceived opinions.
 Should be more than five in numbers (Kerela
University – for M.Ed.)
5.0 Hypotheses

34. 5.0 Hypotheses
Objective of the Study
 To find the awareness of e waste management among student
teachers.
Null Hypotheses
 To find out the levels in awareness of e waste management
among student teachers is moderate.
 There is no significant difference between male and female
student teachers in their awareness of e waste management.
 There is no significant difference between rural and urban
student teachers in their awareness of e waste management.
 There is no significant difference between graduate and
postgraduate student teachers in their awareness of e waste
management.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 34

35. Sample
 Fix the population
 Finalise the No. of subjects
 Design the sampling technique
 Justify your choice, if possible

36. 6.0 Methods
6.1 Subjects:
 The investigator has decided to take the student
teachers in Thoothukudi district as the population.
From the above population the investigator will be
choosing 300 student teachers as the sample by
using simple random sampling technique.
6.2 Procedure:
 The investigator has proposed to use survey method
of research. The investigator will be used a self
made tool.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 36

37. Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Selection of
Title
Finalizing sample,
tools, and statistical
Techniques
Date Analysis Typing thesis
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Review of related
literate
Development of
Tools
Interpretation of
Results
Correction
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Framing of
objectives
Standardized of Tools Preparation of thesis Binding
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Formulating
Hypothesis
Collection of Data Editing Submission
Procedure
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 37

38. 6.3 Data Analysis:

 The following statistical techniques were
used to analyze the data
 t-test
 F-test
 Chi-square test and
 Correlation Analysis
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 38

39.  Outcome and Benefits of the Study
 Time Schedule
 References
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 39

40. Good luck with your
research proposals!

41. THE WAYS OF
WRITING A
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Dr. C.THANAVATHI,
M.A., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., SET,
PGDHE, DGT, DCA, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of History
V.O.C.College of Education,
Thoothukudi.
9629256771
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html