Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Writing a research proposal is a very important step for research at any level. Good quality research is always based on a perfectly planned outline. The meaning & the procedure of writing a research proposal is described in the given presentation.
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
Steps of Writing a Research Proposal
Most proposals should contain at least these elements:
Title Page
-1st Step : Introduction
-2nd Step : Review of Related Literature
-3rd Step : Research Design
-4th Step : Data Analysis & Expected Findings
-5th Step : Reference list or bibliography
-6th Step : Budget & Expected Schedule
Writing a research proposal is a very important step for research at any level. Good quality research is always based on a perfectly planned outline. The meaning & the procedure of writing a research proposal is described in the given presentation.
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
Are you gearing up to do specialized research for a grant proposal or your own scholarly work? Learn what a literature review is and how to develop one using University Libraries.
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The literature review is not merely a simple compilation or a list of every item and resource with any possible relation to your topic. A good literature review is a critical appraisal of narrowly focused, selected and truly relevant work that provides the current status (perspective) of the topic. This presentation basically is a brief guide on the process of doing and writing a literature review for a thesis, research proposal, research paper, etc.
Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods DesignThiyagu K
A Research Design is simply a structural framework of various research methods as well as techniques that are utilized by a researcher. This presentation slides explain the resign design of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method design.
Research Report - types of reports – content of report – Style of Reporting – Steps in Drafting Reports – Qualities of a good report – Documentation – Citation - Footnotes – References – Bibliography – APA and MLA Format in writing references and bibliography
Are you gearing up to do specialized research for a grant proposal or your own scholarly work? Learn what a literature review is and how to develop one using University Libraries.
Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research Fundamental research
The literature review is not merely a simple compilation or a list of every item and resource with any possible relation to your topic. A good literature review is a critical appraisal of narrowly focused, selected and truly relevant work that provides the current status (perspective) of the topic. This presentation basically is a brief guide on the process of doing and writing a literature review for a thesis, research proposal, research paper, etc.
Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Methods DesignThiyagu K
A Research Design is simply a structural framework of various research methods as well as techniques that are utilized by a researcher. This presentation slides explain the resign design of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method design.
Research Report - types of reports – content of report – Style of Reporting – Steps in Drafting Reports – Qualities of a good report – Documentation – Citation - Footnotes – References – Bibliography – APA and MLA Format in writing references and bibliography
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
Starting the Research ProcessFormulating a specific, applica.docxbryanwest16882
Starting the Research Process
Formulating a specific, applicable research problem statement is an important step in beginning a research process. The problem statement defines the focus of the research study, dictates what methods and tools will be used, and sets the stage for all subsequent elements of the research process. Because of this, it is necessary to put a great deal of thought into the problem statement to ensure that the rest of the research process will be well planned and appropriate to the problem at hand.
This week’s Discussion asks you to identify evidence-based practice problems that can be addressed using quantitative research methods. Based on the practice problem you select, formulate a quantitative research problem statement. In this Discussion, you are also given the opportunity to evaluate your colleagues’ problem statements. Please refer to this week’s Learning Resources for appropriate and scholarly examples of research problem statements and how they inform the rest of the research process.
To prepare:
Determine a nursing practice problem that is of interest to you and that is appropriate for a quantitative research study.
Note:
You will continue to use this problem in the Discussions over the next several weeks.
Using the Walden Library and other credible sources, locate and read two or three articles that address your practice problem.
(you must cite the articles read in this assignment)
With your practice problem in mind, review the Learning Resources and media presentations focusing on the strategies presented for generating a research problem statement.
Ask yourself: What is the importance of my practice problem to nursing, research, and theory? How might addressing this problem bring about positive social change? How will investigating this problem support evidence-based practice?
By Tomorrow 09/06/17, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of 3 references from the list below which include the level one headings as numbered below:
Post
1) A proposed research problem statement (it has to be related to nursing for example: could be on diabetes, heart failure or more …)
2) Including sufficient information to make your focus clear and explaining how addressing this problem may bring about positive social change.
Required Media
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Research methods for evidence-based practice: Selecting a research topic and developing a hypothesis. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.
In this week’s video, Dr. Leiyu Shi discusses the characteristics of a good research hypothesis and details the steps in developing a hypothesis that can be tested through research.
Laureate Education. (2011). Important events in clinical research history. Retrieved from http://mym.cdn.laureate-media.com/2dett4d/Walden/CLRA/6100/01/mm/timel.
What are the Different Research Design / Ways That I can Approach My Law Dis...PhD Assistance
A Conceptual Framework must be developed to ensure the reliability and authenticity of a research project.
The best-approached model that has been approached in a Legal PhD Dissertation is the public-private partnership (PPP) model. Education in law is a professed de-facto combination of liberal and professional. Anyhow, most of the education systems in law and order across the world have failed in guiding students for profession and create a relaxing effect in law students. Several attempts have been made over a different time period, to improve the legal education system in India. Furthermore, a part of legal education is always insignificant in the higher education system of India. Therefore, the legal education system in India is weak both in both quality and quantity. The aim of this research study is to meet the following steps.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. HOW TO WRITE A
RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
Dr. C.THANAVATHI,
M.A., M.Phil., M.Ed., M.Phil., SET, PGDHE,
DGT, DCA, Ph.D.,
Assistant Professor of History
V.O.C.College of Education,
Thoothukudi.
9629256771
thanavathic@thanavathi-edu.in
http://thanavathi-edu.in/index.html
2. What is Research Proposal?
It is a brief report about the study that a
researcher intends studying.
It is comparable to the blueprint which the
architect prepares before the building
commences.
It is subject to modification in the light of the
analysis by the researcher or his/her project
advisor.
It provides the basis for evaluation and the basis
for assistance.
It provides the systematic plan of procedure.
3. Preparation of a proposal is crucial in research
It provides different steps involved in the
research process
It refers to an outline of a systematic,
scientific inquiry
It is precisely called Blue Print of the research
work
It ensures a workable plan of exploration,
investigation, experimentation, etc.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 3
4. Proposal, Synopsis & Report
Proposal Synopsis Report
Prepared before
the research.
Prepared after
the collection &
analysis of data
Prepared after
the collection &
analysis of data
Plan of work Document in Brief Document in an
elaborate form
Only suggestive.
So, can be altered
Pre-final form.
Caption, chapter
can be altered.
Final form.
Cannot be
altered.
5. FORMS OF PROPOSALS
For Masters Dissertations
For Doctorate Thesis
For Minor Projects
For Major Projects
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 5
6. TYPES OF PROPOSALS
Solicited Proposals
It refers to the proposals marked for specific
needs of the society, industry, nation and other
organizations. It is a form of applied research which
is concerned with understanding the ways of
functioning by nature and others. Its Aim is to
answer specific research questions.
Unsolicited Proposals
It refers to a routine work and is a form of pure
research consisting of natural course of events. It
involves library research, theory construction, cross
validation etc. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 6
7. Description
Research Proposal therefore is a planned
document proposing a project generally in
Science, Social Sciences, Behavioral
sciences, Humanities and other Academia
containing a request for Degree,
Sponsorship and funding having a notable
scope and significance. Such Proposals are
evaluated in respect of its potential impact,
relevance, scope, cost and time schedule.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 7
9. ‘Seven Part Proposal’ suggested by Best & Kahn
1. The Statement of the Problem
2. The Significance of the Problem
3. Definitions, Assumptions, Limitations and Delimitations
4. Review of Related Literature
5. The Hypotheses
6. Methods
7. Time Schedule
(This need not be taken as the satisfactory sequence.
Institutions suggest other formats)
10. RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Area of Study
Problem
Introduction-definitions, assumptions
Review of Literature
a. Research Questions
b. Rationale
c. Hypotheses
Method – objectives, design, sample, tools,
procedure
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 10
13. 1. Introduction
General proclamation about education
Starting with catchy sentence
Ending with linking the present study
About half-a-page
14. 2. Rationale for the Study
Discusses the need for the study
Talks about the utility of the study
Justifies the selection of the area
Defends the topic selected
Reviews related studies
Explains with statistical data
Runs about one and half pages
15. 3. Statement of the Problem
Doesn’t reproduce the title as it is
Explains the problem briefly
Explains the key terms
Defines them operationally
Mentions the dictionary meaning
Occupies about a page
16. 4. Objectives
Given in operational term
Clearly and unambiguously mentioned
Can be divided into General and Specific
Objectives
Should not be given with any pre-conceived
opinions.
Should be more than five in numbers (Kerela
University – for M.Ed.)
17. 5. Hypotheses
Not given in some proposals
Should be scientific
At par with objectives
Preferably Research Hypotheses
18. 6. Research Paradigm
Means model or design
Portrays different forms of work
Includes methods, sample, variables, tool (s),
statistical techniques, etc.
Shows different phases of work
19. Method
Fix the method
If possible, justify the selection
Discuss the phase
20. Sample
Fix the population
Finalise the No. of subjects
Design the sampling technique
Justify your choice, if possible
21. Variables
Understand different types of variables
Classify the variables you intend to select
Mention them
‘Background Variables’ is the phrase used
22. Tool (s)
Select the tool (s)
Mention whether it is self-made or already
standardised
23. Statistical Technique
Have thorough knowledge of statistics
Discuss with experts
Finalise the statistical technique you intend
to apply
24. 7. Delimitations
Understand the difference between limitations and delimitations.
Limitations are the conditions beyond researcher’s control. It
may place the restrictions on the conclusions of the study and
their applications.
Delimitations are the boundaries of the study and conclusions
are not to be extended beyond this sample.
Delimitations only may better be given.
They should be mentioned taking title for an account.
25. 8. Time-Schedule
Take available times
Analyse the nature of every work and the time
required to complete it
Plan your work accordingly
Apply the principles of flexibility
Adhere to it
26. 9. Expected Outcome
Discusses the utility value of the work
Can be given either in paragraph or one
by one
It is more important, when the proposal
is sent for funding agency.
30. 1.0 Statement of the Problem
Society is growing not only in population but also in
technology. Technology place is an important role in
growth of nation. And so and so lot of electronic
gadgets have been discovered and invented by humans
for the purpose of easy living.
Nowadays more than the population, the quantity of
electronic gadgets has been increased. And the
humankind is in hyper-tension mode of handling
electronic waste or e-waste. So proper awareness
should be need for the student teachers to improve their
E-Waste management.
The present investigation is a descriptive one aiming at
study on awareness of e-waste management among
student teachers.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 30
31. 2.0 Title of Study
The title of the study is entitled as “Study
on Awareness of E-Waste Management
among Student Teachers”.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 31
32. 3.0 Significance of the Study
The world is polluted by various kind of pollutes such us air
pollutants, water pollutants, sanitary waste, medical waste and in recent
days. Electronic waste, managing and disposals of electronic waste had
been one of the greatest challenges faced by mankind. If humankind
allows the e-waste as waste on earth for longer time, the earth would
become toxic and unworthy to live.
So proper measures should be taken in handling e-waste. An
estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year. The
environmental protection agency estimates that only 15-20% of e-waste
is recycled, the rest of these electronics go directly into landfills and
incinerations. This information makes our heart to stop. It alarms that
this should be handled immediately with at most concern. Mishandling
of e-waste may cause damage to human life and endanger the lives
around it.
Hence needed efforts should be taken in handling e-waste. Student
teachers designed to create modern India with the help of students. So
it’s needy to measure the awareness of student teacher.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 32
33. 4.0 Review of Related Literature
Brijesh Sivathanu (2016) conducted a study on User’s Perspective:
Knowledge and Attitude towards E-Waste. In this study, the investigator
discussed the consumers’ awareness and preference towards the disposal
of e-waste. A primary survey was conducted using a structured
questionnaire among 600 consumers in Pune city. The exploratory factor
analysis technique was deployed to identify the awareness factors
contributing to the consumer’s preference towards the proper disposal
and management of e-waste. The findings showed that five important
factors contribute to the consumer’s preference during the disposal of e-
waste. Cynthia S. Subhaprada, Kalyani (2017) conducted Study on
awareness of e-waste management among medical students. Health
education to create awareness regarding the hazards and management of
e-waste is the need of the hour to reduce, reuse and recycle e-waste.
Sapna Mishra and Shamanna (2018) conducted Exploring the
Awareness Regarding E-waste and its Health Hazards among the
Informal Handlers in Musheerabad Area of Hyderabad. This study
highlights the need for awareness campaigns on proper e-waste
management practices to ensure occupational safety among the waste
handlers who belong to lower socio-economic strata.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 33
34. Pauline Achieng Pesa (2016) conducted a study on assessing user awareness on
environmentally sound disposal of e-waste in Kenya. The main objective of the
study were; analysis of sound disposal options available to consumers and
whether consumers are aware of these options and to find out users awareness of
enforcement mechanisms in place with regard to disposal of E-Waste. The study
was conducted through primary and secondary research. Primary data was
gathered through face to face interviews with the people selected in the sample.
The disposal of the same is not done in the appropriate manner leading to health
hazards and environmental degradation. One of the reasons for such improper
disposal is lack of awareness of the users on how to handle E-Waste. Arnav
Chowdhury and Jitendra Patel (2018) conducted a study on E-Waste
Management and its Consequences: A Literature. Central issue of the present
study is electronic-waste (e-waste) that is rising as a brand new environmental
challenge for twenty first century. The implications and toxicity is thanks to
discharge of lead, mercury, cadmium, metallic element and alternative virulent
substances. Developed countries export this waste within the type of donation to
developing countries. China and some Asian nations, where environmental
standards are low, are the most important recipients of e-waste which, in most
cases, is processed illicitly. The environmental burden of e-waste is born by
people that sleep in developing countries. Despite varied laws and directives in
developed countries, the e-waste management is uncontrollable. The current
study focuses on the effect of usage, marketing and use of the electronic waste on
the natural setting.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 34
35. 5.0 Hypotheses
Objective of the Study
To find the awareness of e-waste management among student
teachers.
Null Hypotheses
To find out the levels in awareness of e-waste management
among student teachers is moderate.
There is no significant difference between male and female
student teachers in their awareness of e-waste management.
There is no significant difference between rural and urban
student teachers in their awareness of e-waste management.
There is no significant difference between graduate and
postgraduate student teachers in their awareness of e-waste
management.
There is no significant difference among usage of e-gadgets
among student teachers in their awareness of e-waste
management. Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 35
36. 6.0 Methods
6.1 Subjects:
The investigator has decided to take the student
teachers in Thoothukudi district as the population.
From the above population the investigator will be
choosing 300 student teachers as the sample by
using simple random sampling technique.
6.2 Procedure:
The investigator has proposed to use survey method
of research. The investigator will be used a self
made tool.
6.3 Data Analysis:
The appropriate statistical techniques will be used.
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 36
37. Phase-I Phase-II Phase-III Phase-IV
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Selection of
Title
Finalizing sample,
tools, and statistical
Techniques
Date Analysis Typing thesis
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Review of related
literate
Development of
Tools
Interpretation of
Results
Correction
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Framing of
objectives
Standardized of Tools Preparation of thesis Binding
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
Formulating
Hypothesis
Collection of Data Editing Submission
Procedure
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 37
38. 6.3 Data Analysis:
The following statistical techniques will be
used to analyze the data
t-test
F-test
Chi-square test and
Correlation Analysis
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 38
39. Outcome and Benefits of the Study
Time Schedule
References
Dr.C.Thanavathi VOCCE 39
40. Parting Thought
A worthwhile research project is likely to
result from a well-designed proposal
This device also serves as a stimulus,
helping the researcher to move
systematically toward the goal of a
completed project.
‘Plan the work and work the plan’